In a recent series of experiments at the Univ...

In a recent series of experiments at the University of California, researchers studied toddlers’ thinking about winners and losers, bullies (欺凌) and victims.

In the first experiment, toddlers (学步儿童) watched a scene in which two puppets (木偶) had conflicting goals: One was crossing a stage from right to left, and the other from left to right. The puppets met in the middle and stopped. Eventually one puppet bowed down and moved aside, letting the other one pass by. Then researchers asked the toddlers which puppet they liked. The result: 20 out of 23 toddlers picked the higher-status puppet — the one that did not bow or move aside. It seems that individuals can gain status for being dominant (占优势的) and toddlers like winners better than losers.

But then researchers had another question: Do toddlers like winners no matter how they win? So, researchers did another experiment very similar to the one described above. But this time, the conflict ended because one puppet knocked the other down and out of the way. Now when the toddlers were asked who they liked, the results were different: Only 4 out of 23 children liked the winner.

These data suggest that children already love a winner by the age of 21-31 months. This does not necessarily mean that the preference is inborn: 21 months is enough time to learn a lot of things. But if a preference for winners is something we learn, we appear to learn it quite early.

Even more interesting, the preference for winners is not absolute. Children in our study did not like a winner who knocked a competitor down. This suggests that already by the age of 21-31 months, children’s liking for winners is balanced with other social concerns, including perhaps a general preference for nice or helpful people over aggressive ones.

In a time when the news is full of stories of public figures who celebrate winning at all costs, these results give us much confidence. Humans understand dominance, but we also expect strong individuals to guide, protect and help others. This feels like good news.

1.One of the purposes of the experiments is to ________.

A.teach toddlers how to gain higher status

B.offer toddlers a chance to watch a scene

C.observe the process of toddlers’ solving a conflict

D.find out toddlers’ attitude toward winners and losers

2.The toddlers regarded bowing and moving aside as a sign of ________.

A.obeying rules

B.gaining status

C.giving in to the other

D.showing good manners

3.What does the second experiment tell us about toddlers?

A.They are excellent learners.

B.They are always changeable.

C.They show mercy to the loser.

D.They value kindness over winning.

4.What does the author think of the results of the series of experiments?

A.Disappointing. B.Encouraging.

C.Unexpected. D.Controversial.

高二英语阅读选择困难题查看答案及解析

Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours．

Unplugged is being run by Dr. Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University．During the experiment, Dr. Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers．He said：“They’re reporting withdrawal symptoms, overeating, feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected．”

During their 24-hour test, three of the experiment’s participants were followed around by a BBC reporter plus cameraman．They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops．

Elliot Day wrote：“Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air．Despite being aware of the social importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers．”

From Caroline Scott, we read：“I didn’t expect it, but being deprived of the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual…I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to, but It’s not something I would like to do again！”

And Charlotte Gay wrote：“I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been  my mobile；not only is it a social device, it’s my main access point of communication．”

Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media, often plugged into several things at once．So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?

1.What can we learn about the volunteers?

A．Volunteers didn’t write down about their day offline．

B．Volunteers weren’t allowed to use any media for 24 hours．

C．Volunteers were followed around by Dr Roman Gerodimos．

D．Only volunteers in the UK took part in Unplugged experiment．

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the participants’ feelings？

A．Anxious．         B．Lonely            C．Bored．          D．Despaired．

3.Which of the following is true of Caroline Scott？

A．The media ban affected his temperature．

B．His work went on smoothly without the media．

C．His work was carried on hard without the media．

D．His life was empty without the radio or newspapers．

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．People should use the media devices reasonably．

B．People can easily survive the media devices addict．

C．People can spend more time sleeping in the future．

D．People spend about half the time using the media devices．

5.The text is most probably a ________．

A．newspaper ad      B．book review       C．news report        D．science fiction story

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours．

Unplugged is being run by Dr Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University. During the experiment, Dr Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers. He said:“They’re reporting withdrawal symptoms, overeating，feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected.”

During their 24-hour test, three of the experiment’s participants were followed around by a BBC reporter plus cameraman. They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.

Elliot Day wrote:“Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of the social importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.”

From Caroline Scott, we read:“I didn’t expect it, but being deprived of the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual…I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to, but it’s not something l would like to do again!”

And Charlotte Gay wrote：“I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been my mobile; not only is it a social device, it’s my main access point of communication.”

Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media, often plugged into several things at once. So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?

1.What is the experiment?

A.Volunteers’record of their 24 hours offline.

B.Volunteers’ reaction without any media for 24 hours.

C.Dr Roman Gerodimos following Volunteers for 24 hours.

D.Only volunteers’ plugged experiment.

2.What does the author worry about at the end of the passage?

A.The media ban affects people’s temperature.

B.People will have less and less time for sleep.

C.Work will be carried on hard without the media.

D.Life will be empty without the radio or newspapers.

3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the participants’ feelings?

A.Anxious. B.Lonely.

C.Bored. D.Excited.

4.What conclusion does the experiment draw?

A.People should use the media devices reasonably．

B.People can easily survive the media devices addict．

C.People’s everyday life and work relies much on the media．

D.People spend about half the time using the media devices．

5.What is probably the passage?

A.Advertisement. B.Book review.

C.News report. D.Science fiction story.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Mya Le Thai is a scientist studying at the University of California, Irvine. She recently discovered a process that may result in batteries that last forever. Thai said she had been discouraged that the batteries for her wireless devices degrade. Over time, they fail to charge fully.

Thai did not like to have keep her wireless laptop connected to an electrical outlet. She decided to do something about that problem.

At first, she and her team thought about inventing a new battery. But as they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion(锂离子) batteries to last forever. Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Most of these batteries have a life span of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die.

One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires(纳米线) to carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. A human hair is thousands of times thicker, for example. Nanowires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries. But Thai said their thinness also makes them weak. "Nanowires break over time," she said. "That's why they lose capacity."

But, Thai had a theory: The nanowires might last longer if covered with a material. She and the team tested her theory. The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charges 200,000 times. The PMMA coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever, without losing charging ability.

Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this material works so well and to see if any other material could create better results.

"It's kind of cool," she said. "I'm really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself, but also in technology and energy."

1.What caused Thai to do research on the batteries?

A. Weak power of the batteries　　 B. Her preference for batteries

C. Inconvenient use of batteries　　 D. Her habit to use her computer

2.What’s the disadvantage of lithium-ion batteries?

A. They have a certain service life　　 B. They need charging very often

C. They are not quite dependable　　 D. They are easy to break down

3.Why did Thai try covering the nanowires with a certain material?

A. To make them thicker　　 B. To carry more electricity

C. To make them safer to use　　 D. To protect them from being damaged

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. All Batteries Would Be Replaced By Long-Last Ones

B. Lithium-ion Batteries Might Come to an End

C. Batteries That Last Forever Could Be Near

D. Batteries Would Work Without Recharging

高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Chloe Kim was one of America's top Olympians during last year's Winter Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The snowboarding champion, who grew up in California, competed there at 17 years of age. She became the youngest woman ever to win an Olympic gold medal in the halfpipe competition.

She has recently won a halfpipe competition during the Winter X Games in Aspen, Colorado. But the 18-year-old snowboarder has decided to trade some trips down the halfpipe for an Ivy League education after an upcoming world championship competition in Utah. Beginning from next fall, Kim will be joining Princeton University's class. Instead of centering on the physics of her winning snow board moves, she could now be learning the subject in school. In a recent interview, Kim said, “While I have a special identity and my life has always been so different, I still aim to make my higher education experience as normal as possible.” Kim added, “I'd love to be Chloe, the girl who sits next to me in English class.”

Kim received widespread attention during the Pyeongchang Games. The publicity was fueled by her friendly, energetic nature as well as her interesting family story. Along her path to Olympic gold, Kim also became a social media star. She helped design a snowboarding Barbie doll in her likeness, rapped with hip-hop artist G-Eazy and joined other sports stars to be honored with ESPY Awards. While all of this was fun, Kim says she now looks forward to a new challenge—earning a degree from one of America's top universities. She says she considers her acceptance to Princeton just as much of an honor as earning an Olympic gold medal.

She is still deciding what her exact field of study will be at Princeton. But she says it will involve something science-related, possibly chemistry or biology. She is attempting to work out a plan that will permit her to keep training while going to classes. Kim says her sports and educational goals go hand-in-hand. “It's all about progressing the sport and also pushing myself,” she said. “To see what can do, and how far I can go.”

1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Kim's personality and family background help raise her publicity.

B.Kim majors in physics in Princeton University to improve snow board moves.

C.Kim thinks being admitted to Princeton earns her more honors than being a sports star.

D.Kim decides to give up the upcoming world championship competition in Utah.

2.By saying "I'd love to be Chloe, the girl who sits next to me in English class”, Kim______.

A.tries to hide her identity as snowboarding champion

B.desires to live a normal life in her study experience

C.determines to forget all about her earlier sports life

D.hopes the girl sitting by her is named Chloe as her

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.Snowboarding Champion Regains Popularity with Sports Lovers

B.Snowboarding Champion Challenges Other Fields Successfully

C.Snowboarding Champion Sets Sights on Education

D.Snowboarding Champion Cooperates with Princeton University

4.From which is the passage probably taken?

A.A study brochure B.A short-story collection

C.A newspaper D.An autobiography

高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析

Ode to Joy(《欢乐颂》)，a 42-episodes TV series, is about five young women living on the 22nd floor of Shanghai’s “Ode to Joy” high-rise community. They become friends while pursuing love and career advancement. Since its appearance on April 18, Ode to Joy has been praised for its realistic description of the hidden struggles of city life. “The audience can relate to the characters since their experiences can be traced back to real life too，” commented the Dahe Daily. “Even better, female audiences can find themselves in one or two of the characters because the characters embody feminine archetypes (原型）found throughout the society.”But the idea of following a group of women as they lead a city life is hardly a pioneering concept. In many ways, Ode to Joy resembles American TV series like Sex and the City (1998-2004) and Desperate Housewives (2004-2012). These two series were praised for their feminist themes, but they also employed well-known female archetypes to illustrate the range of dilemmas women face. Deborah A. Macey, a communications professor at Saint Louis University in the US, divides these archetypes up into four ways: the iron maiden, the sex object, the child，and the mother. “The iron maiden is portrayed as masculine and career-oriented. The sex object owns her sexuality and genuinely loves her body. The child archetype is naive, optimistic, and dim-witted. The mother archetype connects the characters in the series and serves as the dominant storyteller,” Macey said on the online media forum “In Media Res”.

Sounds familiar? Yes, these features can be seen in the characters of Ode toJoy. Andy (Liu Tao), for instance, partly embodies the iron maiden role. She's super smart, rational and direct. She moves from the US to Shanghai and takes the position of CFO at a top Chinese company. Fan Shengmei (Jiang Xin) can be seen as the “mother” in the series. Despite the fact that she s in charge of her own family issues，she takes her friends under her wing and stands up for them. Qu Xiaoxiao (Wang ziwen), the sexy and beautiful girl born with silver spoon, perfectly illustrates what is bitter-sweet relationship between friends and lovers. With that being said. Ode to Joy doesn't lack creativity. It assigns the “child” role to two characters-the straightforward, naive Qiu Yingying (Yang Zi), and the good-tempered, hard-working Guan Ju'er (Qiao Xin).

But this category of TV series has its risks. Having five main characters means the drama isn’t story-driven but character-driven. “It’s not something you often see in Chinese TV dramas，” Yuan Zidan, Ode to Joy’s screenwriter, told Changjiang Daily. “But we want to challenge the norms.”

1.Which of the following is NOT the reason why the audiences like Ode to Joy?

A.Many famous actors and actresses starred in Ode to Joy.

B.Female audiencc can find themselves in its characters.

C.The lives of the characters can be traced back to real life..D It describes the real hidden life of those who are struggling in big cities.

2.According to Deborah A. Macey, Fan Shengmei in Ode to Joy is the_______________archetype.

A.iron maiden B.child

C.mother D.sex object

3.What does the underlined word “embody” mean in Paragraph 1?

A.illustrate B.classify C.indicate D.recognize

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A.Ode to Joy is the first TV series to show a group of women’s life in the city.

B.Ode to Joy is not a traditional Chinese drama because it is character-driven.

C.The characters in Ode to Joy arc the same with those in Sex and Cify and Desperate Housewives.

D.Andy fully illustrates the iron maiden who is both masculine and career-oriented.

高二英语阅读选择简单题查看答案及解析

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Where are the speakers?

A.In a theater. B.In a studio. C.In a cinema.

2.What does Peter think of classical plays?

A.They are boring. B.They are challenging. C.They are wonderful.

3.What helps Peter remember the words in a play?

A.The talent he was born with.

B.The training he got at university.

C.The experience he gained on stage.

4.How does Peter feel about watching his performances on TV?

A.Satisfied. B.Embarrassed. C.Disappointed.

高二英语长对话中等难度题查看答案及解析

Recently in the hope of earning both money and social experience, I became a door-trw door salesman.

I once read a saying. “If somebody wants something of yours, you will be treated as warmly as spring, but if they don’t you may be treated as coldly as winter.” You may consider this an exaggeration (夸张), but if you are a salesman, it is clearly correct.

You would never have found it to be so true if you hadn’t been a salesman. You needn’t stand doubtful looks and unfriendly comments; you needn’t listen to something completely wrong and nod to say that it was quite right, you needn’t worry about being refused time after time; you needn’t always keep patience and a smile; you needn’t repeat the same sentences over and over again; you needn’t talk to somebody you dislike ....

I did this work for a month, then I decided to give it up; Apart from the reasons above, I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. The latest test result proved that my grades were getting worse.

Even worse, I hadn’t enough time to join my classmates in college activities. Some times 1 felt lonely and unhappy because of both my study and my part-time job. Now I don’t think it is worth doing such a thing for even though I was earning money it came at great cost.

Newspapers and magazines often publish stories about excellent students who do part-time work while also keeping high scores in class. But according to my experience, park-time work can have some strong negative influences on study.

Most students don’t view the relationship between study and work correctly. In my opinion, if it isn’t a must for financial reasons, students should be careful about taking up a part-time job.

1. From the text, we can tell that the writer is _____.

A. an unemployed man                  B. a middle-school student

C. a college student                    D. a door-to-door salesman

2.Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “sacrificing”?

A. Losing            B. Wasting        C. Using              D. Getting

3.The writer thought_____.

A. doing a part-time job was unnecessary

B. part-time jobs had good effect upon study

C. it was hard to deal with the relationship between study and work

D .part-time jobs would be good for every college student

4.What would be the best title for the text _____.

A. Part-time Jobs Are Useful             B. Part-time Jobs Can Cost Dear

C. Students Shouldn’t Take Part-time Jobs  D. Part-time Jobs Are Important to Many Students

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Fear of missing out

It's Friday night.While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking out a restaurant that's just opened,you've decided to spend this special night of the week by yourself.The night is yours to enjoy.If you think this sounds relaxing,you're not alone. At least for a little while until you start wondering if you've made the right choice. 1.Suddenly,the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal,and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.

2.A recent study defined FOMO as"the uneasy feeling that you're missing　 out-your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you."

Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness.Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. 3.Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others'.Rather than finding happiness through their own experiences,they begin worrying that theirs aren't objectively better than anyone else' s.

The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching.One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with tiredness,stress, and sleep problems.

4. Begin with gratitude.By reflecting on what you already have,you're less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don't.

Embrace JOMO,or the joy of missing out.5. So,turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while resisting the urge to upload and share it.While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不懈），the results are well worth the effort.

A.Therefore,you see yourself in new ways.

B.So how can you overcome the fear?

C.Who is easily affected by FOMO?

D.Fear of missing out,or FOMO,is a common feeling.

E.JOMO allows you to focus on what you really want at any given moment.

F.A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence

G.Further worsening the all-too-common feeling is the rise of social media use.

高二英语七选五困难题查看答案及解析

J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6. In her biography（传记）, she well remembers her good friend, Sean, whom she met in secondary school, helped build her confidence in becoming a very good writer. “He was the first person to know my serious dream to be a writer. He was also the only person who thought I was certain to be a success at it, which meant much more to me.”

Rowling met many difficulties in her writing, especially fantasy(幻想） stories. It wasn't until l990 that she first got the idea about Harry Potter. As she recalls, it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that “the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into my head. I didn't have a pen with me, and I was too shy to ask anybody if I could borrow one. I think, now, that this was probably a good thing, because I simply sat and thought, for four(delayed train) hours, and all the details appear in my brain, and this thin, black-haired, glasses-wearing boy who didn't know he was a wizard （男巫）became more and more real to me.”

That same year, her mother passed away after a ten-year illness, which deeply affected her writing. She went on to marry and had a daughter, but separated from her husband shortly afterwards.

During this time, Rowling suffered from depression（抑郁症）. She ,out of work,completed her first novel in the cafes, where she could get her daughter to fall asleep. After being refused by l2 publishing houses, the first Harry Potter novel was sold to a small British publishing house.

Now with seven books sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history. And it all began with the confidence of a friend !

1.Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

A. Confidence of a Friend Helped the Success of Harry Potter

B. J.K.Rowing’s Hard Life and the Success of Harry Potter

C. J.K.Rowing---author of the Harry Potter book series

D. How J.K.Rowing Firstly Got the Idea of Harry Potter

2. According to the passage, we know J.K.Rowing_______.

A. had a happy family

B. had a ten-year illness

C. earned a lot from her novels

D. published 12 books in 64 languages

3.Where did J.K.Rowing first have the shape of Harry Potter?

A. in the cafes　　　　　　　 B. on a train

C. in a secondary school　 D. in a publishing house

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Harry Potter’s friends didn’t know he was a wizard until he graduated.

B. J.K.Rowing wrote down her idea while she was on the train by borrowing a pen.

C. It’s lucky that J.K.Rowing didn’t have a pen while she got the idea of Harry Potter.

D. Harry Potter was a thin,yellow-haired handsome boy with a pair of glasses on his nose.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析