The Scandinavian languages consist of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese. Danish is closely related to other Scandinavian languages such as Swedish and Norwegian. In fact, they are so similar that a Dane, a Swede, and a Norwegian can all have a conversation while each person is speaking his or her own language. You might wonder why, if the three languages are mutually understandable, they aren’t considered a single language.
Well, language isn’t only about communication; it’s an important part of a nation’s cultural and political identity. For centuries, Denmark, Sweden and Norway have worked to maintain separate identities, and having distinct languages helps. Besides, communication between the three languages isn’t easy; speakers have to work hard to understand each other.
In medieval times, Sweden was under Denmark’s control, and Danish was the language of government. When Sweden became independent in 1523, its officials decided to establish its own writing conventions, changing the spelling of words to reflect Swedish pronunciation and changing the alphabet to make it look less Danish. Soon after these changes were complete, the Bible was translated into Swedish. The Bible made the new Swedish more official, and the differences between written Danish and Swedish were solidified.
Spoken Swedish sounds pretty similar to Danish. The problem is that the two languages have rather different vocabularies. For example, pocket is lomme in Danish, but ficka in Swedish. Also, some words that sound similar have different meanings. The word frokost means lunch in Danish, but Swedish frukost, which sounds almost the same, means breakfast. This kind of difference is pretty common and can cause a lot of misunderstandings.
Norway was under Danish control for 400 years, until 1814. During this time, all official documents were written in Danish, and written Norwegian entirely died out. As a result, contemporary Norwegian looks very similar to Danish. The two languages also have similar vocabularies, although Norwegian pronunciation can be very different.
The relationship between the languages can be seen in a vast number of cognates, words that are similar in different languages.
1.What did Sweden and Norway do to maintain their cultural and political identities?
A.To have their own languages.
B.To keep exchanges with Denmark.
C.To copy the Danish language.
D.To create a lot of new words.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.How Sweden won its independence.
B.Why Sweden created a new language.
C.Why the Bible was important to Swedish.
D.How Sweden established its writing system.
3.Which of the following words means “breakfast” in Swedish?
A.ficka B.lomme C.frokost D.frukost
4.Which will a Norwegian find easier to learn according to the text?
A.Danish pronunciation. B.Swedish vocabulary.
C.Danish vocabulary. D.Swedish pronunciation.
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题
The Scandinavian languages consist of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese. Danish is closely related to other Scandinavian languages such as Swedish and Norwegian. In fact, they are so similar that a Dane, a Swede, and a Norwegian can all have a conversation while each person is speaking his or her own language. You might wonder why, if the three languages are mutually understandable, they aren’t considered a single language.
Well, language isn’t only about communication; it’s an important part of a nation’s cultural and political identity. For centuries, Denmark, Sweden and Norway have worked to maintain separate identities, and having distinct languages helps. Besides, communication between the three languages isn’t easy; speakers have to work hard to understand each other.
In medieval times, Sweden was under Denmark’s control, and Danish was the language of government. When Sweden became independent in 1523, its officials decided to establish its own writing conventions, changing the spelling of words to reflect Swedish pronunciation and changing the alphabet to make it look less Danish. Soon after these changes were complete, the Bible was translated into Swedish. The Bible made the new Swedish more official, and the differences between written Danish and Swedish were solidified.
Spoken Swedish sounds pretty similar to Danish. The problem is that the two languages have rather different vocabularies. For example, pocket is lomme in Danish, but ficka in Swedish. Also, some words that sound similar have different meanings. The word frokost means lunch in Danish, but Swedish frukost, which sounds almost the same, means breakfast. This kind of difference is pretty common and can cause a lot of misunderstandings.
Norway was under Danish control for 400 years, until 1814. During this time, all official documents were written in Danish, and written Norwegian entirely died out. As a result, contemporary Norwegian looks very similar to Danish. The two languages also have similar vocabularies, although Norwegian pronunciation can be very different.
The relationship between the languages can be seen in a vast number of cognates, words that are similar in different languages.
1.What did Sweden and Norway do to maintain their cultural and political identities?
A.To have their own languages.
B.To keep exchanges with Denmark.
C.To copy the Danish language.
D.To create a lot of new words.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.How Sweden won its independence.
B.Why Sweden created a new language.
C.Why the Bible was important to Swedish.
D.How Sweden established its writing system.
3.Which of the following words means “breakfast” in Swedish?
A.ficka B.lomme C.frokost D.frukost
4.Which will a Norwegian find easier to learn according to the text?
A.Danish pronunciation. B.Swedish vocabulary.
C.Danish vocabulary. D.Swedish pronunciation.
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
A UK college has started teaching students the Danish concept of hygge — said to make homes nicer and people happier. But what exactly is it?
Sitting by the fire on a cold night, while petting a dog — probably surrounded by candles. That’ s certainly “hygge”. Eating home-made cakes. Watching TV under a warm quilt. Tea served in a china set. Family get-togethers at Christmas. They’re all hygge too.
The Danish word, pronounced “hoo-ga”, is usually translated into English as “cosiness(舒适)”. But it’s much more than that — it is an entire attitude to life that makes Denmark one of the world’s happiest countries.
Morley College, in central London, is teaching students how to achieve hygge as part of its Danish language course. “We have long, cold winters in Denmark,” says lecturer Susanne Nilsson. “That influences things. Hygge doesn’t have to be a winter-only thing, but it isn’t that fine for much of the year.”
With up to 17 hours of darkness per day in winter, and average temperatures staying around 0℃, people spend more time indoors as a result, says Nilsson, meaning there’s greater focus on home entertaining.
The idea is to feel as at-home as possible, forgetting life’s worries. “Hygge works best when there’s not too large an empty space around the person or people,” Nilsson adds.
The recent growth in Scandinavian-themed restaurants, cafes and bars in the UK is helping to export hygge, Nilsson says. Most customers won’t have heard of the term, but they might get a sense of it.
Similarly, in the US, the wallpaper and fabric firm Hygge & West aims to channel the concept through its cheery designs, as does a Los Angeles bakery, called Hygge, which sells traditional Danish cakes and treats.
Hygge is a deep-rooted tradition in Danes’ life. Helen Russell, author of The Year of Living Danishly: Uncovering the Secrets of the World ’ s Happiest Country, says, “Hygge is so important for those who live Danishly that the other day, I saw a camper car parked by the roadside with lit candles in the windows.”
1.Which can be used to explain the concept of hygge?
A.It means success. B.It is a way to relax.
C.It requires a large room. D.It is a candle-involved moment.
2.What makes the Danish have more home life according to the text?
A.The country’s climate. B.The country’s culture.
C.The country’s economy. D.The country’s education.
3.What do we learn about hygge in the UK and the US?
A.It is ignored by the two countries’ people. B.It is quite different from that in Denmark.
C.It is a new trend in the two countries. D.It is related to several traditions.
4.What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To explain the history of hygge. B.To discuss a UK college course.
C.To encourage people to live Danishly. D.To introduce a traditional Danish lifestyle.
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
In today’s world where we have various translation apps that allow us to talk to almost anyone “in his own language”, why do we still need to make an effort to learn a foreign language ourselves? There are practical reasons, of course. For example, those who are bilingual (具备双语能力的) have a better chance in the job market. And science has proved that learning to speak more than one
language can train one’s brain to be stronger.
But there’s more to it than that. US author Rita Mae Brown once wrote: “Language is the road map of a culture.” By taking a look at the vocabulary and idioms of a language system, we get a glimpse (一瞥) at what’s held important in a certain culture. Take the Swedish word “lagom” for example. It means “just the right amount”, which doesn’t have a matching word either in English or in Chinese. From “lagom”, we can see how much the concepts of “moderation (适度)” and “balance” are valued in Swedish culture. By learning a foreign language, you also gain a better understanding of your own culture. Irish language expert Benny Lewis explained this idea in his blog with an interesting metaphor: “Trying to understand your own culture merely from within it is like trying to understand what a bus is like if you’ve only ever ridden inside it. If you want the bigger picture, you need to get off that bus and examine it from the outside.” And by opening our eyes to different
cultures, we’re able to understand better how people grow up to be different from one another. We also learn to be more tolerant and respectful to the diversity of the world.
As Trinity University professor Leonardo De Valoes wrote on the school’s website: “Foreign language study is simply part of a very basic liberal education: to ‘educate’ is to lead out, to lead out of narrowness and darkness.”
高二英语概要写作中等难度题查看答案及解析
In 2009, Dr. Kathleen Wermke and her colleagues made headlines with a study showing that French and German newborns produce distinctly different “cry melodies,” reflecting the languages they heard in womb (子宫). Today, Dr. Wermke’s lab houses a collection of around a half-million recordings of babies from as far a field as Cameroon and China.
The analysis of these recordings has produced further insights into the factors that shape a baby’s first sounds. Newborns whose mothers speak tonal languages, such as Mandarin, tend to produce more complex cry melodies. Swedish newborns, whose native language has what linguists call a “pitch accent,” produce more sing-songy cries.
Hearing and imitating are fundamental to language development. By the third trimester, a fetus (胎儿) can hear the rhythm and melody of its mother’s voice — known as “prosody”. It is the defining characteristic of language for the fetus. After they are born, young babies mimic many different sounds. But they are especially shaped by the prosody they heard in the womb, which becomes a handy guide to the strange sounds coming from the people around them. Through stress, pauses and other clues, prosody cuts up the stream of sound into words and phrases – that is, into speech.
“These studies redouble the lab’s broader effort to map the typical development of a baby’s cries, as well as vocalizations like cooing and babbling.” Dr. Kathleen Wermke said. “Knowing what typical development looks like and what factors can influence it helps doctors address potential problems early on.”
1.The underlined word “mimic” in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A.imitate B.learn
C.hear D.gain
2.What is Dr. Kathleen Wermke’s attitude towards the studies？
A.Ambiguous B.Doubtful
C.Neutral D.Approving
3.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Mandarin is the most complex tonal language
B.Swedish newborns produce more simple cry sounds.
C.Newborn babies cry in different languages
D.Hearing is fundamental to language development
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
About twenty years ago, Jan Carlzon had just been named the CEO of Scandinavian Airlines. His company was in trouble. They had just been _________ by a consumer poll（民意测验）as the _________ airline company in the world. Last in _________, last in dependability（可靠性）, and last in profits as a percentage of sales. Yet, one year later, in the same poll, they were ranked number one in all three _________. What happened?
Carlzon had decided to _________ what he thought was the most _________ issue—serving the customer. He wanted to keep it simple: Identify every contact between the _________ and the employees, and treat that contact as “a moment of truth”.
He set out to let his people know the importance of that _________—the captain, the ticket agent, the baggage handler, the flight attendant. “Every moment, every contact,” he said, “ must be as pleasant, and as _________ as possible.” He figured that he had about ten million customers each year, and __________ each customer made contact with five of his people for __________ fifteen seconds each time. __________, in his mind, these fifty million contacts, fifteen seconds at a time, would __________ the fate of his company.
He set out to __________ his vision（愿景）with his twenty thousand employees. He knew the key was to empower（授权）the front line. Let them make the decision and take __________, because they were employees of Scandinavian Airlines during those fifteen seconds. He then had twenty thousand people who were inspired and __________ to go because they paid special attention to one important thing—making every moment __________.
From the story we can see that a leader’s job is to __________ the future and see the organization, not as it is, __________ as it should be. Only by fulfilling his __________ can his men achieve his goal.
1.A. informed B. calculated C. ranked D. settled
2.A. strongest B. fairest C. biggest D. worst
3.A. culture B. service C. politics D. fortune
4.A. shapes B. categories C. species D. industries
5.A. set aside B. take over C. focus on D. turn up
6.A. important B. complex C. terrible D. careful
7.A. leaders B. researchers C. managers D. customers
8.A. invention B. moment C. prize D. salary
9.A. incredible B. traditional C. memorable D. imaginative
10.A. on average B. in advance C. at present D. by accident
11.A. approximately B. occasionally C. compulsorily D. potentially
12.A. Otherwise B. Besides C. Therefore D. Instead
13.A. propose B. determine C. recognize D. appoint
14.A. share B. comment C. criticize D. appreciate
15.A. exercise B. delight C. action D. office
16.A. disappointed B. ready C. courageous D. impatient
17.A. grow B. operate C. flow D. count
18.A. knock into B. run into C. break into D. look into
19.A. but B. or C. and D. so
20.A. trip B. job C. trade D. law
高二英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析
“Plogging” is a new fitness trend（趋势）. It is a combination of “jogging” and the Swedish phrase “plocka upp”, meaning “pick up”. It encourages people to stop while out on jogs to pick up litter. 1..
Started in Sweden around 2016, plogging is now going global. 2.To advocate plogging. Swedish fitness app Lifesum allows people to record their plogging lime and track their plogging activity as part of the workout choices. According to the app, a typical user will bum 288 calories in 30 minutes of plogging, which is more or less the same as what’s burned off while jogging.
Like other fitness trends, there are plenty of plogging pictures and videos online. 3. Ploggers take plastic bags along with them so they can store the collected litter they find along their route（路线）. Many ploggers are surprised to see just how much trash is in parks and along running trails. They even show off their bags of trash online.
Plogging is a great way to encourage people to make a difference in their local environment. 4.All you need for it is a bag for trash and it empowers everyone to help create cleaner, greener and more beautiful communities.
5. Anyone can do it. You can do it by yourself, with n friend or even in a large group. And it is a challenge you can truly feel good about. Why not give it a go?
A. They clearly show what this trend looks like.
B. Plogging is suitable for all ages and fitness levels.
C. If you’re not a runner, biking or walking works too.
D. It is appealing because it is simple and meaningful.
E. More and more runners are turning their jogs into plogs.
F. So it adds the idea of environmental protection to the sport.
G. Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to connect sports with a good cause.
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts, objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwater archaeology __the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water is really a product of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment .Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸）,underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts about the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of people way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机）often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.
1.What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
A. To provide background information of the topic
B. To attract readers' attention to the topic
C. To use an example to support the topic
D. To offer basic knowledge of the topic
2.The aim of underwater archaeology is to .
A. exploit water bodies
B. search for underwater life
C. study underwater artifacts
D. examine underwater environment
3.Underwater archaeologists are worried because_____.
A.sea hunters have better diving equipment
B. their knowledge of world history is limited
C. dredging machines cause damage to the ports
D. sold artifacts can hardly be regained for research
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce a young branch of learning.
B. To discuss the scientists' problems.
C. To explain people's way of life in the past.
D. To describe the sunken ships.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
ARLANDA, Sweden （Reuters Life!）—Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it.
Dios says it is the world’s first jumbo （unusually large） jet hostel, an actual jet-plane at Sweden’s main airport outside Stockholm which has been changed into a 25- room guesthouse that sleeps as many as 72 people.
“I learned about this plane that was standing deserted at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings,” he told Reuters. “I thought, ‘Why not a plane?’”
Jumbo Hostels opened for business on Thursday, giving customers the chance to check in and sleep in a room that can best be described as comfortable.”
“The most challenging part with this project is trying to build something inside a metal hull（壳） – it’s just really, really tight.”
The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines, was taken out of service in 2002. It is held on a concrete foundation with the landing gear secured in steel cradles.
One feature of the hostel is its price – a room starts at 350 Swedish crowns （about $ 41）, which is a lot less than hotel rooms outside of major airports.
Another feature is that customers can get married on the wing of the plane and stay in the plane’s more luxurious honeymoon suite （套房）.
Instead of walking down the aisle in the church, lovebirds can take what Jumbo Hostels calls the “wing walk,” where they can be joined in great happiness at the wing tip. The hostel has someone ready to perform the ceremony.
But in some respects this hostel remains a plane – most customers have to share the jet’s nine bathrooms and the staff only wear air host and hostess outfits. The only room that has its own bathroom is the honeymoon suite.
1. Which of the following is not true?
A. The jet plane was out of use for over eight years
B. The hostel provides ten bathrooms for customers
C. The rooms in the hotel are comfortable
D. The hostel lies at Arlanda airport in Stockholm
2. One of the features of the plane hostel is that ________.
A. air hostesses can offer good service
B. a wedding ceremony can be held on the wing
C. customers can sleep in comfortable rooms
D. the staff can have a “wing walk”
3. Why does Oscar Dios make jet plane hotel?
A. Because he is fond of plane very much.
B. Because he is very curious
C. Because he wants to earn more money.
D. Because he likes trying the concept of hotel in many different things.
4. The writer mainly wants to ________.
A. call on people to make use of the deserted things
B. describe a wonderful place for weddings
C. introduce a new kind of hostel
D. prove people can sleep on a plane
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
ARLANDA, Sweden （Reuters Life!）—Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it.
Dios says it is the world’s first jumbo （unusually large） jet hostel, an actual jet-plane at Sweden’s main airport outside Stockholm which has been changed into a 25- room guesthouse that sleeps as many as 72 people.
“I learned about this plane that was standing deserted at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings,” he told Reuters. “I thought, ‘Why not a plane?’”
Jumbo Hostels opened for business on Thursday, giving customers the chance to check in and sleep in a room that can best be described as comfortable.”
“The most challenging part with this project is trying to build something inside a metal hull（壳） – it’s just really, really tight.”
The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines, was taken out of service in 2002. It is held on a concrete foundation with the landing gear secured in steel cradles.
One feature of the hostel is its price – a room starts at 350 Swedish crowns （about $ 41）, which is a lot less than hotel rooms outside of major airports.
Another feature is that customers can get married on the wing of the plane and stay in the plane’s more luxurious honeymoon suite （套房）.
Instead of walking down the aisle in the church, lovebirds can take what Jumbo Hostels calls the “wing walk,” where they can be joined in great happiness at the wing tip. The hostel has someone ready to perform the ceremony.
But in some respects this hostel remains a plane – most customers have to share the jet’s nine bathrooms and the staff only wear air host and hostess outfits. The only room that has its own bathroom is the honeymoon suite.
1.Which of the following is not true?
A. The jet plane was out of use for over eight years
B. The hostel provides ten bathrooms for customers
C. The rooms in the hotel are comfortable
D. The hostel lies at Arlanda airport in Stockholm
2.One of the features of the plane hostel is that .
A. air hostesses can offer good service
B. a wedding ceremony can be held on the wing
C. customers can sleep in comfortable rooms
D. the staff can have a “wing walk”
3.Why does Oscar Dios make jet plane hotel?
A. Because he is fond of plane very much.
B. Because he is very curious
C. Because he wants to earn more money.
D. Because he likes trying the concept of hotel in many different things.
4.The writer mainly wants to .
A. call on people to make use of the deserted things
B. describe a wonderful place for weddings
C. introduce a new kind of hostel
D. prove people can sleep on a plane
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. make up B. consisted of C. consist in D. consists of
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析