Robot Surgeon (外科医生) Succeeds without Help fr...

Robot Surgeon (外科医生) Succeeds without Help from Human Doctors

Humans make mistakes. Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible. But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care, to be carried out by machines?

That’s the idea behind surgical robots, which may soon perform most surgeries, from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures. Many of these operations are, in fact, already completed with the assistance of robots. But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further, performing on soft tissue completely on their own, from start to finish.

The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), successfully completed surgeries on pigs. “We’re the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery, and when compared to standard operation, it’s better, ”says Peter Kim, professor of surgery. “The idea is not to replace surgeons; it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer.”

A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body, or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22, 000procedures. That’s rare, but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.

In the da Vinci surgical system, surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar. The robot’s every major move is controlled by surgeons, and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon’s training or experience.

STAR, on the other hand, is entirely autonomous. It’s not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible “hand”, but it’s able to react to the unexpected incidents. Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing, but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex. STAR reacts to a changing environment, similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway, but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.

1.The underlined word “infallible” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.

A. always right B. really creative

C. rather responsible D. quite smart

2.We can learn from the passage that STAR ________.

A. has been widely used in the operating room

B. can perform the operation on its own

C. can make surgeries much faster

D. will take the place of surgeons

3.In the da Vinci surgical system, ________.

A. robots are trained from afar

B. surgery results depend on surgeons

C. robots always make mistakes

D. surgeons have trouble controlling robots

4.In the last paragraph, the author mentions self﹣driving cars in order to show ________.

A. how bad getting in another driver's way might be

B. how difficult self﹣driving on the highway is

C. how smart an autonomous robot can be

D. how dangerous operating on people is.

高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

One night about nine o’clock, Dr. Eyck, a surgeon (外科医生), had a phone call from Dr. Haydon at the hospital in Clens Falls. The surgeon was asked to go there at once to operate on a very sick boy who shot himself while playing with a gun.

The doctor was soon on his way to Clens Falls. It was 60 miles away. And it was snowing heavily in the city. The surgeon thought he could get there before 12 o’clock.

A few minutes later, the doctor was stopped by a man in an old black coat. Gun in hand, the man ordered the doctor to get out. Then the man drove the car down the road, leaving the doctor in the falling snow.

It was after two o’clock in the morning when the doctor arrived at the hospital in Clens Falls. Dr. Haydon told him that the boy had died an hour before.

The two doctors walked by the door of the hospital waiting room. There sat the man in the old black coat with his head in his hands.

"MR. Cunningham," said Dr. Haydon to the man, "This is Dr. Eyck. He is the surgeon who came all the way from Albany to save your boy."

1.The surgeon was late because________.

A.he was stopped by a beggar

B.the weather was rather terrible

C.Clens Falls was far away from Albany

D.His car was taken away

2.Choose the right order of the events given in the story____.

a. Dr. Eyck was asked to come to the hospital in Clens Falls.

b. Dr. Eyck arrived at the hospital.

c. The boy shot himself.

d. The boy died.

e. The man in an old coat reached the hospital.

f. Dr. Eyck was robbed (抢劫) of his car.

A.c, e, f, a, b, d B.a, c, f, d, b, e

C.c, a, f, e, d, b D.a, c, f, e, d, b

3.The boy died because________.

A.he was too far away from hospital

B.Dr. Haydon didn’t do anything to save him

C.Dr. Eyck was not able to arrive at the hospital in time

D.something was wrong with Dr. Eyck’s car

4.Who should be responsible for the boy’s death?

A.The boy’s father. B.The hospital.

C.Dr. Eyck. D.Dr. Haydon.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The Little Angel

Sally jumped up the moment she saw the surgeon(外科医生） come out of the operating room. She asked, “How is my little boy?”

The surgeon said, “I’m ____. We did all we could, but your boy didn’t ____ it.”　

Sally ____into the chair. The surgeon asked, “Would you like some time with your son before he was transported to the ____?” Sally nodded. While saying goodbye, she ran her fingers ____ through his thick curly hair. “Would you like a lock（一撮）of his hair?” the surgeon asked. Sally nodded yes. The surgeon cut a few hairs, and handed them to Sally. The mother said, “It was Jimmy’s idea to ____ his body to the university for study. He said it might ____ somebody else. “I said no at first, ____ Jimmy said, ‘Mom, I won’t be using it after I die. Maybe it will help some other little boy spend one more day with his Mom.’”

“My Jimmy had a heart of ____, always thinking of someone else, always wanting to help others if he could.” she went on.

Sally walked out of the hospital. She put the bag with Jimmy’s ____ on the seat beside her in the car. The drive home was ____. It was even harder to enter the ____ house. She carried Jimmy’s belongings, and the lock of his hair to her son’s room. She started placing the model cars and other personal things back in his room ____ where he had always kept them. She lay down across his bed and, hugging his pillow, ____ herself to sleep.

It was around midnight when Sally ____. Lying beside her on the bed was a letter. The letter said,

“Dear Mom,

I know you’re going to ____ me, and me too. I will always love you, Mom, even more ____ each passing day. Someday we will see each other again. Until then, if you want to ____a little boy so you won’t be so lonely, that’s OK with me. He can have my room and old toys to play with.

Don’t be sad thinking about me. I don’t hurt any more. The cancer is all ____. I don’t have to stand that ____any more. The angels in Heaven are so tender. They say I’m a Special Angel! I　 love you, Mom.”

1.A. worried             　　 B. sorry                C. happy             D. grateful

2.A. make                 B. pass                C. win                D. like

3.A. knocked            　　 B. looked                C. sank        　　 　　　 D. got

4.A. house         　　　　　 B. church            　　 C. hospital         　　 D. university

5.A. anxiously        　　 　　 B. lovingly            C. patiently            D. angrily

6.A. donate                B. move                C. show                D. lend

7.A. affect            　　 B. help            　　 C. protect                D. impress

8.A. for        　　　　　　　　 B. and            　　 C. so                D. but

9.A. gold                　　 B. stone　　　　　　　　　 C. wisdom         　　 D. bravery

10.A. toys            　　 B. clothes            　　 C. belongings            D. letters

11.A. long            　　 B. smooth            C. difficult        　　 D. dangerous

12.A. empty                B. familiar            C. big                D. old

13.A. roughly            　　 B. exactly            C. especially            D. possibly

14.A. put                　　 B. sent             　　 C. cried        　　　　　 D. buried

15.A. wrote        　　　　　 B. spoke                C. slept                D. awoke　　　　　　　　　

16.A. understand            B. forgive            C. leave                D. miss

17.A. with                B. around            　　 C. on                D. in

18.A. save                B. host                C. visit                D. adopt

19.A. lost                　　 B. gone            　　 C. cured             　　 D. spotted

20.A. depression        　　 B. sadness             C. pain            　　 D. stress

高二英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

This is the doctor without _______ help my father couldn’t have defeated the virus.

A.which B.whose C.that D.what

高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

A small robot may help children who are recovering from a long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home. These children may feel isolated from their friends and classmates. The robot takes their place at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends. They also can take part in class from wherever they are recovering.

Anyone who has had a long-term illness knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This is can be especially true of children. They may feel left out. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less alone. That friend is a robot. The robot is called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is homebound while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child's school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child's desk.

A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. Then they use the same device to control the robot's movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child.

"So, it sits at the child's desk in the classroom and the child uses a tablet or a phone to start it, control its movement with touch, and talk through it. So it's the eyes and the ears and the voice at school."

The student can take part in classroom activities from wherever they are recovering --- whether at home or from a hospital bed. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that makes communicating easy.

1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “isolated”?

A. freed B. separated C. tired D. banned

2.What can’t children do through the robot?

A. Take part in the class B. Talk with his friends

C. write on the blackboard D. Hear their teachers

3.How do children control the robot’s movements?

A. By talking with the robot B. By taking part in class activities

C. By the microphones equipped in it D. By touching the tablet or phone

4.What’s the robot mainly designed for?

A. Children who have just recovered form illnesses.

B. Children who can’t go to school for a long time.

C. Children who are bored with going to school.

D. Children who can’t see, hear or speak.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A small robot may help children who are recovering from long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home. These children may feel isolated from their friends and classmates. The robot takes their place at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends. They also can take part in class from wherever they are recovering.

Anyone who has a long-term illness knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be especially true for children. They may feel left out. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. That friend is a robot. The robot is called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is homebound while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child’s school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child’s desk.

A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says, from home, the child uses an iPad or a phone to start the robot. Then they use the same device to control the robot’s movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child.

‘So, it sits at the child’s desk in the classroom and the child uses an iPad or a phone to start it, control its movement with touch, and talk through it.’

The student can take part in classroom activities from wherever they are recovering — whether at home or from a hospital bed. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communication easy.

1.What’s the meaning of the underlined word ‘isolated’?

A. Kept apart.　　 B. Difficult to learn.

C. Unhappy or stressful.　　 D. Full of hope.

2.What are children unable to do through the robot?

A. Taking part in the class.　　 B. Talking with his friends.

C. Writing on the blackboard.　　 D. Hearing their teachers.

3.How do children control the robot’s movements?

A. By talking with the robot.

B. By taking part in class activities.

C. By using the microphones equipped in it.

D. By touching an iPad or a phone.

4.What’s the robot mainly designed for?

A. Children who have just recovered from illnesses.

B. Children who can’t go to school for a long time.

C. Children who are bored with going to school.

D. Children who can’t see, hear or speak.

高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Help others whenever you can ________you’ll earn respect from others without difficulty.

A. and              B. or              C. unless        D. but

高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

As a doctor, I became the 1. (great) surgeon in the country and the president of the National Society of Surgeons. For this reason, a celebration　 2. (hold) in my honor But I couldn’t help feeling sad.

On the day, my friend came up to me and said: “You’ve achieved something that others can’t even dream about. 3. are you so sad?”

“I’ve achieved something that I didn’t even want,” I said, “I 4. wanted to be a surgeon and now I can’t escape from it. If I would suffer a 5. (fail) then maybe I would have a chance to do something that I really love. But for now, I’m chained to a thing that I don’t evenlike.”

“You 6. be joking?” my friend cried out, “The biggest honor for a surgeon is　 7. (become) the president of our national society. Your wife is happy, your children are happy. Everyone has the highest respect for you!”

But I don t respect myself, that’s 8. is wrong. I wanted to be a dancer, but my parents were against 9. and I listened to them. I was weak. I became a great surgeon, but I am not working in the field that I wanted to devote my life　 10.. That is why I am unhappy.

高二英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Nothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet(磁铁) 1. And gaining the confidence of others is one of the key ways in which a self-confident person finds success.

So how can we build a sense of self-confidence and prepare ourselves on the way to success? First, do what you believe to be right, even if others laugh at you for it. 2. If you believe you can, then you really will. The belief keeps you searching for answers, which means that pretty soon you will get them.

Second, govern your behavior based on what other people think. What’s more important, be willing to take risks and go the extra miles to achieve better results, in which case mistakes can not be avoided 3.　 Next, work hard to settle the problems in order to cover up your mistakes before anyone notices. Building self-confidence is readily achievable, as long as you have the focus and determination to carry things through.

With your determination and improvement, you are getting closer to success. At this stage, wait for others to congratulate you on your accomplishments. “Thanks, I really worked hard on the road to success. I’m pleased you recognize my efforts. " 4. Self-confidence is extremely important in almost every aspect of our. lives, and it is no wonder that so many people struggle to find it. 5. Besides, whether you’re working on your own self-confidence or building the confidence of people around you, it’s well worth the effort!

A. Believe in yourself and believe that you can do it under any circumstances.

B. Highly self-confidence person can achieve great results in every field he enters.

C. Besides, those who are self-confident can in turn inspire confidence in others.

D. The congratulations from others will promote you to gain further success.

E. Self-confidence really can be learned and built on.

F. Don’t hesitate to admit your mistakes, and learn from them.

G. A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of sufferings.

高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists have created a “ human-like robot” that can dance and do the housework.

“ Mahru” has been developed to imitate humans and can move its lips, eyebrows and pupils(瞳孔). The machine can also move its upper and lower body freely and automatically stop itself when walking.

In addition, it has been programmed to give out two kinds of pleasant smells to match its emotions.

The 1.5 tall robot was produced by researchers at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and is the first South Korean- developed machine of its kind.

“‘Mahru’ will open the way for the commercial use of humanoid robots doing housework,” You Bum-Jae, leader of the development research team ,said. “‘Mahru’ can dance while walking on its legs and is able to work in place of a human.”

Through an advanced motion capture (捕获) system, “Mahru” can follow a variety of human movements and move its hands freely enough to deal with any obstacles that may get in its way when walking.

State-funded KIST showed the robot during a presentation at its head office in Seoul.

People here were treated to an entertaining demonstration which saw the robot show off the full range of its skills, most notably s series of dance moves.

The research team added that they had designed another “ Mahru”, this time with sensors(传感器) allowing it to distinguish(分辨) between faces and objects.

The showing of “ Mahru” came a week after researcher in Japan said they had created the “most human-like” robot in the world. A team at robotics department of Osaka University in Japan claimed that “ robogirl”, Repliee R-1, “ looks, moves and interacts (相互作用) like a human, and has silicone(硅胶) skin that feels almost human to the touch.”

1. “Mahru” made by KIST can do the following things EXCEPT____________

2. According to what You Bum- Jae said in Paragraph 5, his research team wants to ________.

3. When Mahru” meets something in its way, it will be likely to________.

4.According to the last paragraph, Repliee R-1 __________.

5.The passage is probably a  __________.

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析