Scientists are hoping for a _____ in the sear...

Scientists are hoping for a _____ in the search for a cure for cancer.

A. breakthrough     B. break      C. deal      D. progress

高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Scientists have achieved a major ___ in the search for a cure for cancer, ____ is good news for those who suffer from cancer.

A．breakthrough; what                     B．breakdown; which

C．breakup; that                          D．breakthrough; which

高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Scientists _______ a lot of experiments on animals, hoping to find and effective way to cure the patients who had AIDS.

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.

Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn’t stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses (晶状体), he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long-lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.

In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus (磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine (氯), though he didn’t get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.

Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters (火山口) on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes (骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.

1.What does the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Brief.　　 B. Slight.

C. Lasting.　　 D. Ordinary.

2.What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments?

A. Tasting chemicals.　　 B. Staying in the empty lab.

C. Experimenting in darkness.　　 D. Working together with others.

3.What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death?

A. He was buried in the Tanami desert.

B. Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.

C. One comet of Jupiter was named after him.

D. A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.

4.The text is mainly about three great scientists’ _____.

A. special honors　　 B. great achievements

C. famous experiments　　 D. suffering in the job

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Scientists are attempting to extract (提取) cells from a 40,000-year-old horse in hope of using the sample to clone the extinct (灭绝的) species back into existence. The male baby horse was discovered in 2018 in permafrost (永冻土) in northeastern Siberia of Russia.

A team of scientists from South Korea and Russia believes the young horse, called the Lenskaya or Lena horse, was about 20 days old when it died. The species of horse, now extinct, is between 30,000 and 40,000 years old. Thanks to the terrible coldness, the animal’s tissue was preserved enough for the scientists to obtain samples.

Semyon Grigoriev, head of the lab at the Mammoth (猛犸象) Museum of the North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, said the horse was “well - preserved” and a “great find”. There is no damage to the horse’s body and even its hair is undamaged. The unfortunate animal, according to Gngo-riev, “could have drowned after falling into some kind of a natural trap.”

Hwang Woo-suk, a researcher from South Korea working on the project, said, “If researchers find a cell, they will do their best to clone the animal. If we get live cells from this ancient baby horse, it would be wonderful in terms of cloning.”

After that, they will make a cloned embryo (胚胎) and a female horse carry it as its mother. Hwang said modern-day horses are “very similar to the ancient one,” so there would be no problem getting help from a modern-day female horse.

The scientists are hoping the experiment on the baby horse will give them experience in progressing toward their ambitious goal-bringing back the extinct woolly mammoth.

“If we manage to clone the horse-it will be the first step to cloning the mammoth.” Hwang said.

1.Why was the Lenskaya horse kept in good condition?

A.The temperatures were extremely low. B.It was buried under the ground.

C.Alocal museum had preserved it. D.It died quite young.

2.What do we know about the baby horse?

A.It was a female horse. B.It might have died by accident.

C.Its hair was partly destroyed. D.Its tissue can hardly be found.

3.What must the researchers do before cloning the extinct horse?

A.Know more about extinct ancient horses. B.Make an embryo i a female horse.

C.Find an ideal modern - day female horse. D.Get live cells from the baby horse.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A.A new horse species found in Siberia B.How to preserve ancient animals’ tissues

C.Scientists attempt to clone extinct horse D.How to extract cells from extinct species

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Learn to cure cancer

A vaccine for cancer is in the works.

Lauren Landry and Chloe Tomblin are the scientists. They look in freezers(冰柜) for bacteria to use in the research. This research has its limitations—mostly because their lab is in a high school.

But Lauren, 16, and Chloe,17 both students are Western Reserve Academy in the US, aren’t put off by the difficulties they face in their cancer immunology(免疫学) class.

“I hope we get to the point where we can get to a vaccine and write a paper,” Lauren said.

Both conduct research into how to engage the immune system in stopping cancer from forming.

Though the lab is in a high school, they don’t use textbooks. The aim is to conduct real cancer research, either by testing the effects of substances on cancer cells or developing vaccines to target the growth of those harmful cells.

The idea for the class came from Robert Aguilar, who has taught at the private school for many years. Students spend the first year learning research techniques. In the second year, students swap(调换) their blue lab coats for white ones. By this stage they are well into their research projects.

“If first-years need any help, they can feel free to ask second-year students,” Aguilar said.

Students form groups to conduct their research. One pair of students has researched the effect of capsaicin(辣椒素) on killing cancer cells. Another has tested the effect of caffeine(咖啡因) on the growth rate of breast cancer(乳腺癌) cells.

But few students get to the point in their research of experimentation with mice, Aguilar said. Lauren and Chloe hope that they can make decent progress in their work.

“We know they’re going to be used for good,” Lauren said. “If it does or doesn’t work, it still has a huge impact.”

Aguilar teaches the students that even research that doesn’t work still contributes to science in some way. He tells students that “the best part of research is failing a lot”.

1.What do Laudry and Tomblin do in their research?

A. They use capsaicin to kill harmful cancer cells.

B. They try to develop vaccines that can fight cancer cells.

C. They study the effects of caffeine on breast cancer cells.

D. They tested the effects of male mice eating cells.

2.What do we know about the cancer immunology class?

A. Only talented students can take it.

B. Students do not do their own research projects in this class.

C. It equips students with knowledge and practical research skills.

D. It asks students to start research with experiments on mice.

3.What does Aguilar mean in the last paragraph?

A. Research that doesn’t work is still useful.

B. The students’ projects will often fail.

C. Most students can’t accept failure in their research.

D. Teamwork is the key to successful projects.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The Chinese scientists claimed _______ a cure for the disease．

A. having discovered　　 B. discovering

C. to have discovered　　 D. that they discover

高二英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析

How long do you think it will be _______ scientists succeed in providing a cure for cancer?

A. when       B. after       C. since      D. before

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Do you know the police ______ searching for a thief in the woods now ?

A. is　　　　 B. are　　　　 C. was　　　　 D. were

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to connect the brain with computers. Brain-computer Interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.

Recently, two scientists, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytehnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, showed a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.

“Our brain has billions of body cells(细胞). These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the body part to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the body part.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with outer world and also to control machines.”

The scientists designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer finds meanings of the signals and commands the wheelchair with an engine. The wheelchair also has two cameras that tell objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.

Prof. Millan, the team leader, says “Scientists keep improving the computer software that finds meanings of brain signals and turns them into simple commands. The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two kinds: communication, and controlling objects. One example is this wheelchair.

He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can get advantages from. And the other is to ensure that they can use the technology over a long period of time.

1.BCI is a technology that can _______.

A. help to update computer systems　　 B. control a person’s thoughts

C. help the disabled to recover　　 D. connect the human brain with computers

2.How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?

A. By controlling his muscles.　　 B. By using his mind.

C. By moving his hand.　　 D. By talking to the machine.

3.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 4?

A. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair　　 B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair

C. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair　　 D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair

4.The team will test with real patients to_______.

A. make money from them　　 B. prove the technology useful to them

C. make them live longer　　 D. learn about their physical condition

5.Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Scientists have been looking for ways to link the brain with computers.

B. The wheelchair designed by Millan and Tavella is directed by a person’s thoughts.

C. Spinal cord injuries can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the body part.

D. The wheelchair has been put in use and benefited real patients.

高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析