B
Canadian scientists have found that the more emotional or mental challenges a person faces in a day, the less determined they become to work out physically.
However, the findings should not stop us from keeping fit. Experts believe that willpower (意志力)is like a muscle , and needs to be exercised to help one avoid the temptation (诱惑)spending a night on the couch instead.
Kathleen Martin 一 Ginis, a professor of kinesiology 一 the science of movement 一 who led the study, says everyone has a limited amount of willpower, and that it will be reduced by stress. Miss Martin 一 Ginis, of Canada' s McMaster University, explains, "Cognitive (认知的)tasks, as well as tasks such as regulating (调整)one' s emotions, can reduce one' s capacity to force oneself to exercise."
Her team of scientists performed a so — called " Stroop" test on volunteers to reach their conclusions. The experiment involved showing participants words associated with colors but printed in different colors - for example , the word " blue " written in red ink . ' Participants were divided into two groups. One group was asked to name the color of the ink , instead to say the printed word , while the other wasn't Martin ― Ginis says , " After we used this cognitive task to use up their self 一 regulatory capacity, the participants didn't exercise as hard as those who had not performed the task. ,, The more people concentrated on the cognitive task , the more likely they were to skip exercise sessions (活动时间)over the next eight week. You only have so much willpower .
However, there are ways to strengthen willpower. The study found the listening to music before going to the gym can help, as well as making a commitment to work out with friends. It also concluded that willpower can be stretched by constantly cake , or forcing oneself to study an extra hour each night.
Martin - Ginis adds, "There are strategies people can use to help revitalize (使恢复活动) themselves after they’ve used up their self 一 regulation. Willpower is like a muscle : it needs to be used to stay strong.
61.According to the experts, human willpower .
A.can be exercised through muscle movement
B.can regulate itself to resist temptations
C.is weakened by stressful cognitive or emotional tasks
D.is reduced by lack of physical exercise.
62.We learn from Paragraph 4 that the experiment .
A.made use of the Stroop test
B.asked one group of participants to name the words
C.required researchers to write the word "blue" in red ink to make it easily recognizable.
D.showed that those who hadn't performed the task were smarter than those who had
63.All the following are ways to strengthen one's willpower EXCEPT________
A.listening to music before doing exercise
B.promising to work out with friends
C.training oneself repeatedly to resist temptations
D.forcing oneself to do the same thing each day
64.Which of the following is in agreement with Miss Martin ― Ginis' idea?
A.Human's willpower is limited to a certain level
B.The cognitive tasks could make people ignore exercise
C.Challenging tasks could make people ignore exercise
D.Exercise is an important way to strengthen one's willpower.
65.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Willpower can be challenged to become powerful.
B.McMaster University is famous for its kinesiology.
C.Effective ways to resist temptations have been found.
D.the study has an impact on the science of movement.
高三英语阅读理解简单题
B
Canadian scientists have found that the more emotional or mental challenges a person faces in a day, the less determined they become to work out physically.
However, the findings should not stop us from keeping fit. Experts believe that willpower (意志力)is like a muscle , and needs to be exercised to help one avoid the temptation (诱惑)spending a night on the couch instead.
Kathleen Martin 一 Ginis, a professor of kinesiology 一 the science of movement 一 who led the study, says everyone has a limited amount of willpower, and that it will be reduced by stress. Miss Martin 一 Ginis, of Canada' s McMaster University, explains, "Cognitive (认知的)tasks, as well as tasks such as regulating (调整)one' s emotions, can reduce one' s capacity to force oneself to exercise."
Her team of scientists performed a so — called " Stroop" test on volunteers to reach their conclusions. The experiment involved showing participants words associated with colors but printed in different colors - for example , the word " blue " written in red ink . ' Participants were divided into two groups. One group was asked to name the color of the ink , instead to say the printed word , while the other wasn't Martin ― Ginis says , " After we used this cognitive task to use up their self 一 regulatory capacity, the participants didn't exercise as hard as those who had not performed the task. ,, The more people concentrated on the cognitive task , the more likely they were to skip exercise sessions (活动时间)over the next eight week. You only have so much willpower .
However, there are ways to strengthen willpower. The study found the listening to music before going to the gym can help, as well as making a commitment to work out with friends. It also concluded that willpower can be stretched by constantly cake , or forcing oneself to study an extra hour each night.
Martin - Ginis adds, "There are strategies people can use to help revitalize (使恢复活动) themselves after they’ve used up their self 一 regulation. Willpower is like a muscle : it needs to be used to stay strong.
61.According to the experts, human willpower .
A.can be exercised through muscle movement
B.can regulate itself to resist temptations
C.is weakened by stressful cognitive or emotional tasks
D.is reduced by lack of physical exercise.
62.We learn from Paragraph 4 that the experiment .
A.made use of the Stroop test
B.asked one group of participants to name the words
C.required researchers to write the word "blue" in red ink to make it easily recognizable.
D.showed that those who hadn't performed the task were smarter than those who had
63.All the following are ways to strengthen one's willpower EXCEPT________
A.listening to music before doing exercise
B.promising to work out with friends
C.training oneself repeatedly to resist temptations
D.forcing oneself to do the same thing each day
64.Which of the following is in agreement with Miss Martin ― Ginis' idea?
A.Human's willpower is limited to a certain level
B.The cognitive tasks could make people ignore exercise
C.Challenging tasks could make people ignore exercise
D.Exercise is an important way to strengthen one's willpower.
65.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Willpower can be challenged to become powerful.
B.McMaster University is famous for its kinesiology.
C.Effective ways to resist temptations have been found.
D.the study has an impact on the science of movement.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals(晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.
The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes(微生物) were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.
She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.
The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe's Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs(病菌)or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.
NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week's announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. "Why are we surprised?" Noonan asked. "As a biologist, I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful."
Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be.
1.The existence of the ancient microbes relies on _______.
A. surrounding insects B. diverse plants
C. eating minerals D. absorbing air
2.What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage?
A. The walls are covered by crystals.
B. The temperature in the caves is quite low.
C. The caves have been explored since they were formed.
D. The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.
3.What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?
A. Critical B. Positive.
C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.
B. Scientists Discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.
C. Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.
D. Caves provide living environment for living organisms.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Scientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach, according to a report by the UK newspaper.
The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University, Japan and American company Johnson conducted the study together. They looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail in Ishikawa District, northern Japan. They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japan's Okinawa District.
They found that on the beach, eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules (千焦耳) of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.
The findings are supported by the Japan Meteorological (气象的) Agency. According to the agency, the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.
Most of us know that UV rays can harm the skin. That's why we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun. But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.
If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time, you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye, which is harmful. Your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling. They may be sensitive to light. Fortunately, this is usually temporary and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.
Long-term exposure to UV radiation, however, can be more serious. Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.
1.You would most likely find the article in ________.
A. a doctor’s diary B. a travel journal
C. a medical magazine D. a physics textbook
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.
B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesn't harm them at all.
C. Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the skin.
D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan, the USA and the UK.
3.Human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach because ________.
A. snow produces more UV light than water
B. people don’t wear sunscreen while skiing as they do while sitting on the beach
C. the reflection rate of UV light in snow-covered areas is much higher than that on the beach
D. human eyes are exposed longer to UV light in the snow- covered areas than on the beach
4.What will the passage most probably talk about next?
A. Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan.
B. Go to hospital to have your eyes examined.
C. Wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.
D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The report has found that more and more Chinese have an American or British temporary visa for holiday spending in recent years.
A. stood for B. applied for
C. accounted for D. searched for
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Chinese scientists have found a new way to use cells found in human urine (尿液)that could aid in the treatment of a range of nerve disorders.That is a new technique for reprogramming cells in human urine into nerve progenitor cells that can grow into multi-functional nerve and brain cells.
The technique is expected to be used in the study and treatment of nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other nerve disorders.
Pei Duanqing, a professor at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said his research team has combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram kidney epithelial(肾表皮) cells in urine into NPCs.
These NPCs, normally only found in the human brain, were later proven to be transgene-free and self-renewing, he said.
"These nerve and brain cells can survive for up to one month when transplanted into the brain of a newborn rat," said Pei. "My team is working hard to understand why our experimental condition allowed the urine cells to become NPCs, because we want to improve the technique and make it more efficient".
Scientists have long searched to treat and study neural disorders by obtaining and transplanting neural stem cells. However, the previous method of getting and using cells from either fetal (胎儿)or adult human tissue remains challenging due to ethical concerns and immune system rejections, he said.
Pei hopes the discovery will be used to generate NPCs from patients with nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease. "These NPCs from patients may help us discover new drugs for these diseases."
"It is a remarkable advance in the stem cell field. The results and methods obtained from this study will be of great value and significance to the field, " said Fred Gage,a professor with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A. NPCs are beneficial in treating human diseases.
B. Chinese scientists succeeded in making NPCs from human urine.
C. Chinese scientists have found cures for all diseases.
D. A new technique was used to study the use of human urine
2.Pei and his tean try their best to work hard in order to________.
A. make more contributions to medical study
B. discover another new technique
C. make the technique more perfect
D. treat more patients suffering from bad diseases
3.What is the challenge of making NPCs in the previous method?
A. The ethical comcerns and immune system refusal
B. The difificulties in getting cells from human.
C. The under-developed techniques in medical science.
D. The lack of financial support from the government.
4.From the last paragraph we can infer________.
A. the new technique will be developed in science
B. the results and methods will be applied to treating cancers
C. the study will give a major push to the stem cell field
D. the mew technique will bring great profis
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-examination.
Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S. Eliot and others.
In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they read passages from Shakespeare’s plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, and again as they read the text rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.
While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains. When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because of his use of words which were unfamiliar to them. The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.
Scientists went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how it lit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in the classical works. As a result, this lightening up process of the mind lasted longer than that when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.
The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the right hemisphere (半球) of the brain, an area connected with “autobiographical memory”, driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read. The academics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self-help books.
Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the university’s magnetic resonance center, announced this week: “Classical literature acts like a rocket-booster to the brain, which provides extra power for the brain. You may never imagine how powerful it is. The research shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young and the old.”
1.The underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to“_______”.
A.stops B.keeps
C.interrupts D.causes
2.Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature?
A.It’s helpful for readers to come up with new ideas.
B.It’s an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.
C.It makes readers’ electrical activity of brain return to normal.
D.It makes readers’ brain more active than reading common texts.
3.From the research, we can learn that _______.
A.poetry increases left-brain activity more than other literary forms
B.the readers prefer Shakespeare’s works to the other writers’works
C.the words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read further
D.reading classical works produces a good and long-lasting effect on the mind
4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage?
A.Classical works help the brain develop better.
B.Poetry is useful for developing people’s brain.
C.Common books are unpopular anymore.
D.Shakespeare’s plays are worth reading.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Global warming could make humans shorter. Scientists claim to have found evidence that it caused the world's first horses 1. (shrink) nearly 50 million years ago. In fact,a team from the universities of Florida and Nebreaks says 2. has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammals-homes,during the last time the world heated up. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of homes from their earliest 3. (appear) 56 million years ago. As temperatures went up.their size went 4. . The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect 5. mammals and could even make humans 6. (small).“Horses started out small,about the size of a small dog. What's 7. (surprise)is that after they first appeared,they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size, and that8.(exact)corresponds to the global warming event, followed by cooling.”"It had been known that mammals 9. small during the last warm time, 10. we hadn't realized that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size”Dr. Bloch said in the "Science”journal.
高三英语语法填空简单题查看答案及解析
Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.
The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.
She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.
The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.
NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. “Why are we surprised?”Noonan asked. “ As a biologist, I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”
Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be.
1.The existence of the ancient microbes relies on ________.
A. surrounding insects B. eating minerals
C. diverse plants D. absorbing air
2.What can we infer about the eaves in Naica from the passage?
A. The temperature in the caves is quite low.
B. The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.
C. The walls are covered by crystals.
D. The caves have been explored since they were formed.
3.What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?
A. Neutral. B. Doubtful.
C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.
B. Caves provide living environment for living organisms.
C. Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.
D. Scientists Discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.
The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.
She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.
The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.
NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. “Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked. “As a biologist, I would say life on earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”
Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on earth can be.
1.The existence of the ancient microbes relies on .
A. surrounding insects B. eating minerals
C. diverse plants D. absorbing air
2.What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage?
A. The walls were built during Middle Ages.
B. The temperature in the caves is quite low.
C. The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.
D. The caves have been explored since they were formed.
3.What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?
A. Neutral. B. Doubtful.
C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.
B. Caves provide living environment for living organisms.
C. Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.
D. Scientists discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
From facts, scientists have_______ that more energy is being absorbed from the sun, throwing the earth’s energy “out of balance”.
A.confirmed | B.concluded | C.concentrated | D.centered |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析