Chinese scientists have found a new way to us...

Chinese scientists have found a new way to use cells found in human urine （尿液）that could aid in the treatment of a range of nerve disorders.That is a new technique for reprogramming cells in human urine into nerve progenitor cells  that can grow into multi-functional nerve and brain cells.

The technique is expected to be used in the study and treatment of nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other nerve disorders.

Pei Duanqing, a professor at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said his research team has combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram kidney epithelial(肾表皮) cells in urine into NPCs.

These NPCs, normally only found in the human brain, were later proven to be transgene-free and self-renewing, he said.

"These nerve and brain cells can survive for up to one month when transplanted into the brain of a newborn rat," said Pei. "My team is working hard to understand why our experimental condition allowed the urine cells to become NPCs, because we want to improve the technique and make it more efficient".

Scientists have long searched to treat and study neural disorders by obtaining and transplanting neural stem cells. However, the previous method of getting and using cells from either fetal (胎儿)or adult human tissue remains challenging due to ethical concerns and immune system rejections, he said.

Pei hopes the discovery will be used to generate NPCs from patients with nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease. "These NPCs from patients may help us discover new drugs for these diseases."

"It is a remarkable advance in the stem cell field. The results and methods obtained from this study will be of great value and significance to the field, " said Fred Gage,a professor with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A. NPCs are beneficial in treating human diseases.

B. Chinese scientists succeeded in making NPCs from human urine.

C. Chinese scientists have found cures for all diseases.

D. A new technique was used to study the use of human urine

2.Pei and his tean try their best to work hard in order to________.

A. make more contributions to medical study

B. discover another new technique

C. make the technique more perfect

D. treat more patients suffering from bad diseases

3.What is the challenge of making NPCs in the previous method?

A. The ethical comcerns and immune system refusal

B. The difificulties in getting cells from human.

C. The under-developed techniques in medical science.

D. The lack of financial support from the government.

4.From the last paragraph we can infer________.

A. the new technique will be developed in science

B. the results and methods will be applied to treating cancers

C. the study will give a major push to the stem cell field

D. the mew technique will bring great profis

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese net users have found a new way to battle desertification by playing virtual (虚拟的) planting games. Ant Forest, 1. is under Ant Financial of the Alibaba Group, told the Global Times that they had planted over 50 million trees covering about 507 square kilometers across China from 2016 to 2019.

Ant Forest is the first such game in China. In the Ant Forest plan, any activity 2.(consider) low carbon, including walking, taking public transport and online payments, will be converted into virtual “green energy”. The energy will be used to grow a virtual tree in the “forest” of the 3.(user). They exchange 4.for a real tree by paying the corresponding energy. Ant Forest will plant the real trees in spring and autumn each year 5.the help of local authorities in the desert areas. This way of planting trees6. (recognize) on October 23, 2018 by the National Afforestation Committee as7.means for citizens to fulfill their obligation of planting trees.

The Chinese government attaches great8. (important)to the protection of ecosystems. China aims 9.(increase)the forest cover to 23 percent by 2020, and to 26 percent by 2035. A new study using data from NASA satellite shows that the Earth becomes10.(green) as a result of ambitious tree-planting programs in China.

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Move Earth – it’s no science fiction

LONDON – Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets (彗星) in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system.

This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration（NASA）engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.

The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams ,needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.

“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun,” Laughlin said.

Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated. In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere（生物圈）— by cooking us.

That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.

The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation（误算）in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.

There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position it is “most likely the Moon would be stripped away from Earth,” it states. This would greatly change our planet’s climate.

1.What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?

A．A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.

B．Earth’s working life is coming to an end soon.

C．Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.

D．The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.

2.If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of ______years.

A．12 billion            B．6 billion              C．18 billion            D．24 billion

3.What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?

A．The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.

B．Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.

C．The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.

D．Earth’s working life might be greatly shortened.

4.What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?

A．provide               B．benefit               C．share                   D．endanger

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Move Earth – it’s no science fiction

LONDON – Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets (彗星) in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system.

This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration（NASA）engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.

The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams ,needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.

“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun,” Laughlin said.

Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated. In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere（生物圈）— by cooking us.

That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.

The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation（误算）in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.

There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position it is “most likely the Moon would be stripped away from Earth,” it states. This would greatly change our planet’s climate.

1.What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?

A．A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.

B．Earth’s working life is coming to an end soon.

C．Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.

D．The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.

2.If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of ______years.

A．12 billion             B．6 billion               C．18 billion             D．24 billion

3.What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?

A．The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.

B．Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.

C．The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.

D．Earth’s working life might be greatly shortened.

4.What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?

A．provide               B．benefit               C．share                  D．endanger

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Hacking isn’t just for computers and smart phones. According to a study, scientists have found a way to hack a plant’s genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the number of food produced around the world.

Scientists used tobacco plants in the study because it is easy to change the plants’ genes. Hacked plants are larger than normal plants.

Photosynthesis is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy. But by hacking a plant’s genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent. Scientists hacked the plant’s protective system. Normally, this system starts when a plant gets too much sunlight When the plant senses the light, it creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off. But the process is slow.

The new study sped up the process by changing the plant’s genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth on two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes would produce the same results in corn and rice.

Agriculture professor Tala Awanda said the study makes sense，but cautioned the yield（产量）might not be quite so high for conventional food crops. Still，she added in an email,” this study remains a breakthrough,”

1.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1 ?

A. We can find hacking only in digital devices.

B. A plant’s genes can be changed by hacking.

C. Hacking has been used in improving food production.

D. Hacking can be used to change whatever you want.

2.Why did scientists choose tobacco plants to study?

A. Because they are very easy to get.

B. Because their genes are easy to change.

C. Because they are larger than other plants.

D. Because they can absorb sunlight quickly.

3.What do we know about photosynthesis?

A. It helps plants to produce energy.

B. It is regarded as a productive system for plants.

C. It can increase leaf growth on plants by 14 percent.

D. It is made up of sunlight，water and carbon dioxide.

4.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that changing the plants' genes proved____.

A. useless B. deadly

C. effective D. unrealistic

5.What is Tala Awanda’s attitude toward the study?

A. Doubtful. B. Neutral.

C. Objective. D. Critical.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Move Earth—It’s Not Science Fiction

LONDON—Scientists have found an unusual way to　 prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星)in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system.

This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.

The plan put forward by Dr. Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.

“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun, ”Laughlin said.

Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated.

In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The Sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so“seriously compromise” our biosphere(生物圈)—by cooking us.

That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.

The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation(误算)in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.

There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position, it is“most likely the Moon would be stripped away from Earth”. This would greatly change our planet’s climate.

1.What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?

A. A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.

B. Earth’s working life is coming to an end soon.

C. Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.

D. The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.

2.If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of　　years.

A. 12 billion　        B. 6 billion

C. 18 billion　        D. 24 billion

3.What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?

A. The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the Moon.

B. Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.

C. The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.

D. Earth’s working life might be greatly shortened.

4.What does the underlined word“compromise”mean?

A. Provide.             B. Benefit.

C. Share.                 D. Endanger.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists in New Zealand have found fossilized (化石的) leg bones from a penguin believed to have been about the size of an adult human. The previously undiscovered giant penguin species likely stood about 1.6 meters tall and weighed up to 80 kilograms.

The penguin existed about 60 million years ago. The bones are believed to be from the oldest of several species of giant penguins that lived after dinosaurs died out. A fossil hunter found the bones last year in the Waipara River bed near the city of Christchurch. The bones are from the animal’s legs and feet. Scientists confirmed that the bones came from a newly discovered species.

Paul Scofield is senior curator (馆长) at New Zealand’s Canterbury Museum. He co-wrote a paper on the discovery. He said that the bones are an important find. They show that the species is similar to another giant penguin found in Antarctica in 2000. The latest discovery, he said, helps show a clear connection between the two areas during the Paleocene period. This period lasted from 66 million to 56 million years ago.

Scofield said the penguins were able to grow larger after entering a new development period following the extinction of dinosaurs, sea reptiles and huge fish. Scofield added that the giant penguins became extinct within 30 million years, as large mammals began to rule the waters.

John Cockrem is a penguin expert at the country’s Massey University who was also not involved in the research. He said the discovery helps add to what we know about giant penguins. He said it also confirmed New Zealand as the penguin center of the world.

New Zealand is believed to have been home to many giant bird species that later disappeared. These included the world’s largest parrot, a giant eagle and an emu-like bird called the moa. Recently, Canterbury Museum announced the discovery of an unusually large parrot believed to have lived about 19 million years ago. Scientists say the bird stood about one meter tall.

1.What is special about the penguin found in New Zealand?

A.The place it lived in. B.The age of its existence.

C.Its species and size. D.Its shape and habits.

2.Why did the giant penguins die out?

A.Large mammals controlled the sea.

B.They were killed out by huge fish.

C.Climate changes were not fit for them.

D.They grew too large to feed themselves.

3.What do we know from the last paragraph?

A.All kinds of penguins live in New Zealand.

B.Many giant birds used to exist in New Zealand.

C.The world’s largest parrot lives in New Zealand.

D.New Zealand owns the most bird species in the world.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Similar Penguin Fossils Have Been Found Again

B.An Ancient Creature Has Been Found in New Zealand

C.Some Giant Penguins Appeared after Dinosaurs Died Out

D.Scientists Found Bones from Giant Penguin in New Zealand

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

It's every parent's worst nightmare. 1.. Now scientists say they have found a better way to wake up sleeping youngsters. Researchers in the US have discovered that playing a child a recording of their mother's voice is about three times more likely to wake them than a traditional alarm. Moreover, they can escape more quickly.

Dr Gary Smith, a co－author of the research from the Nationwide Children's hospital in Ohio and his colleagues report how they compared the effects of four different smoke alarms on 176 children aged between 5 and 12 years old.2.. While one alarm featured a high－pitched beep, the other three featured the voice of the child's mother calling either the child's name, giving instructions such as: “Wake up! Leave the room！”， or both. Each child slept in a lab－based room that resembled a real bedroom, and was shown how to escape from the room before they went to bed. They each experienced all four alarms—the order of which was chosen randomly.

3.. About 90% of children woke for a vocal alarm compared with just over 53% for the traditional alarm. In addition, the children shook off their sleep faster, with a median(中位数) value of two seconds for the voice alarm compared with more than two and a half minutes for the traditional alarm.4.．

Prof Niamh Nic Daéid, director of the Leverhulme Research Centre at the University of Dundee, said the research supported by her team found a human voice combined with a low－frequency pulsing tone was far more effective in waking children than a traditional high－pitched alarm.5.， which might have made them more responsive to an alarm, while more work was needed to explore whether other familiar sounds, such as a dog barking, might also prove effective in waking up children.

A. But she noted that the latest study involved children sleeping in a location other than their own bedroom

B. But she said it was important to look at developing better alarms

C. None of them had hearing difficulties or were taking any medication that affected their sleep

D. The results show that voice alarms appear to be more effective than high－pitched beeps

E. What's more, it does so faster and is linked to a quicker escape

F. There's a fire in the house; the alarms are beeping, but the children are in deep sleep

G. Similarly, escape times were longer in the cases of the beeping alarms

高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式

Scientists have found a reliable way to lengthen life in lab animals:Reduce the amount of calories(卡路里)they eat.

This method,1.(know)as caloric restriction, has been shown to lengthen life of organisms ( 有 机体 )and reduce some age-related2.(disease).Whether it can do the same in people has been an open question. 3.　 ,a new study suggests that in adults, long-term restriction of calorie intake can have an effect on their health.

The researchers looked at a group of 143 healthy adults who ranged in age4.21 to 50. They were instructed5.(practice)caloric restriction for two years.They could eat the foods they wanted so long as they cut back on the foods they ate,with the aim of6.(cut)the calories they consumed by 25 percent.

Many did not achieve that goal.On average,the dieters managed to cut down about 12 percent of their total calories, or7.(rough)300 calories a day. But the group saw many of their health markers improve. They8.(lose)body fat, their blood pressure fell slightly, and they had better blood sugar control. Meanwhile, another 75 healthy adults 9.　 did not practice caloric restriction saw no 10.　 (improve)in these markers.

高三英语语法填空简单题查看答案及解析

Recently scientists have worked out a way to judge roughly where a person has lived using strands(缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified bodies .

The method depends on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.

While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as clouds move.

Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid（列阵）falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.

Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can establish a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.

Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a frame of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.

“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” he said. “It’s good for ruling out many possibilities.”

1.What can we learn from the passage about the latest discovery?

A. One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.

B. A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.

C. Hair analysis identifies criminal suspects accurately.

D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.

2.What does the underlined word “identical” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. similar              B. fantastic        C. beneficial           D. healthy

3.What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?

A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.

B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.

C. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.

D. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析