Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children (MGHfC) have invented a new term that describes dangers associated with cigarette smoke: third-hand smoke. Study results published in January, 2009 discuss how third-hand smoke is especially dangerous for children.
Have you ever walked into a room that had the smell of cigarette smoke, regardless of the fact that a fan was moving the air and no one was smoking at the time? This is what researchers are calling third-hand smoke — and it represents the poisonous deposits (存积物) that are left behind long after a cigarette is put out.
Cigarette smoke contains gases and small particles that are deposited on every surface it comes in contact with, for example, the smoker’s hair and clothing, or the environment the cigarette was smoked in. It’s dangerous for young children who may crawl on polluted surfaces. Third-hand smoke is a serious health risk for our kids, especially those who live in the homes of smokers.
Jonathan Winickoff, lead author of the study, explains, “When you come into contact with your baby, even if you’re not smoking at the time, he or she comes in contact with those poisons. And if you breast-feed, the poisons will transfer to your baby in your breast milk.” Winickoff adds however, that nursing a baby if you’re a smoker is still a better choice than bottle-feeding.
Researchers involved in the study also surveyed more than 1,500 families in an effort to learn about adult attitudes regarding the danger third-hand smoke represents to their children and how that might affect smoking in the home.
Approximately 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers believe that secondhand smoke is dangerous for children.
On the issue of whether third-hand smoke threatens the health of children, 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers felt that third-hand smoke harms kids. When asked about rules regarding smoking in the home, approximately 88 percent of nonsmokers said they don’t allow smoking, while only 27 percent of smokers forbid smoking in the home.
However, both non-smokers and smokers who felt that third-hand smoking was harmful to children’s health were more inclined to (倾向于) restrict smoking in their homes.
1.The study led by Jonathan Winickoff focused on _______.
| A．bad influences long after a cigarette is smoked |
| B．third-hand smoke and secondhand smoke |
| C．the bad effects of smoking on common people |
| D．the terrible smell of cigarette smoke |
2.How does the text explain what third-hand smoke is?
| A．By telling results of a survey. |
| B．By giving statistics. |
| C．By making comparisons. |
| D．By giving an example. |
3.The following measures to prevent the effect of third-hand smoke are effective except _______.
| A．keeping kids out of room when you smoke |
| B．cleaning the house to get rid of poisons |
| C．making yourself clean before contacting kids |
| D．trying to forbid smoking in home |
高二英语阅读理解困难题
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children (MGHfC) have invented a new term that describes dangers associated with cigarette smoke: third-hand smoke. Study results published in January, 2009 discuss how third-hand smoke is especially dangerous for children.
Have you ever walked into a room that had the smell of cigarette smoke, regardless of the fact that a fan was moving the air and no one was smoking at the time? This is what researchers are calling third-hand smoke — and it represents the poisonous deposits (存积物) that are left behind long after a cigarette is put out.
Cigarette smoke contains gases and small particles that are deposited on every surface it comes in contact with, for example, the smoker’s hair and clothing, or the environment the cigarette was smoked in. It’s dangerous for young children who may crawl on polluted surfaces. Third-hand smoke is a serious health risk for our kids, especially those who live in the homes of smokers.
Jonathan Winickoff, lead author of the study, explains, “When you come into contact with your baby, even if you’re not smoking at the time, he or she comes in contact with those poisons. And if you breast-feed, the poisons will transfer to your baby in your breast milk.” Winickoff adds however, that nursing a baby if you’re a smoker is still a better choice than bottle-feeding.
Researchers involved in the study also surveyed more than 1,500 families in an effort to learn about adult attitudes regarding the danger third-hand smoke represents to their children and how that might affect smoking in the home.
Approximately 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers believe that secondhand smoke is dangerous for children.
On the issue of whether third-hand smoke threatens the health of children, 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers felt that third-hand smoke harms kids. When asked about rules regarding smoking in the home, approximately 88 percent of nonsmokers said they don’t allow smoking, while only 27 percent of smokers forbid smoking in the home.
However, both non-smokers and smokers who felt that third-hand smoking was harmful to children’s health were more inclined to (倾向于) restrict smoking in their homes.
1.The study led by Jonathan Winickoff focused on _______.
| A．bad influences long after a cigarette is smoked |
| B．third-hand smoke and secondhand smoke |
| C．the bad effects of smoking on common people |
| D．the terrible smell of cigarette smoke |
2.How does the text explain what third-hand smoke is?
| A．By telling results of a survey. |
| B．By giving statistics. |
| C．By making comparisons. |
| D．By giving an example. |
3.The following measures to prevent the effect of third-hand smoke are effective except _______.
| A．keeping kids out of room when you smoke |
| B．cleaning the house to get rid of poisons |
| C．making yourself clean before contacting kids |
| D．trying to forbid smoking in home |
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Researchers conducting a study of hospital stays for over two hundred and eighty six thousand older folks found something interesting in their data.
The number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significantly among a certain group of people at a certain time of year. What folks, and what time of year, you ask? Flu season and the lucky people were the ones who got flu shots (流感疫苗).
It’s generally recommended that people over fifty get their flu shots every year. Influenza (流行性感冒) is no small thing. it’s responsible for around thirty six thousand deaths a year in the U. S. alone. Getting the shots also cuts down on the chances of getting pneumonia (肺炎), which is especially dangerous in seniors.
But what wasn’t known was that there seems to be an added benefit to getting a flu shots in terms of warding off heart problems. The data, in fact, are quite strong in suggesting this is the case.
In this study, flu shots cut clown the number of hospitalizations for heart disease by nineteen percent. Stroke went down sixteen percent one season and a whopping twenty-three percent a second season. These are big results.
So what's the connection between getting a flu shot and having a stronger heart? It isn’t yet known.
Researchers speculate that the flu virus itself may do damage to blood vessels (血管), possibly making clots (血块) more likely. Blood clots in the heart can cause heart attacks, and blood clots in the brain can cause strokes.
Whatever the specific details are, there's one more good reason to follow your doctor’ s advice and get that annual flu shot.
1.According to the study, the number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significantly among the ones who _____.
A. got flu shots after they were ill
B. got flu shots before they were ill
C. got flu shots at the flu season
D. got flu shots whenever convenient
2.The benefits of getting flu shots can be listed except that_____.
A. it can cut down on the chances of getting pneumonia
B. it can cut down the number of hospitalizations for heart disease
C. it can kill the flu virus
D. if can make blood clots
3.The underlined phrase "warding off" probably means_______.
A. keeping away B. dealing with
C. setting off D. picking up
4.According to the passage, we'd better ______.
A. work out to fight against influenza
B. get flu shot every year
C. follow our doctor's all advice
D. protect our blood vessels
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
What can keep your brain young and active? Marie Pasinski, 1. doctor from Massachusetts General Hospital, says, “New experiences as well as a good snack.”
The next time you feel 2.(bore) at the pool, play a board game or cards. Exercising your mind with a challenging game that requires brainpower, 3. chess or bridge (桥牌), is more than just fun. These types of games are so interesting 4. they can build up working memory. Traveling, especially in the places where English isn’t spoken, can make you 5.(smart) and more intelligent. There is a great deal of recent research proving its benefits.
6. the other hand, eat more nuts! Not only are nuts the perfect snack for a summer road trip, they also keep your mind sharp. Some nuts are rich in magnesium(镁), 7. can improve learning skills and memory of mice. The research 8.(publish) in the Journal Neuron last month. Another study at New York State Institute also proved the point, 9. (show) that mice who ate nuts made improvements in learning, memory, emotional regulation and movements, compared with 10. who didn’t eat nuts.
高二英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
According to some researchers, you should not praise children for everything that they do. It does not help them build self-confidence.
Most parents and teachers agree that praise can help increase children’s self-confidence — the more, the better. However, according to some researchers, only proper praise is good for children. If adults praise everything children do, it makes children look for praise all the time, not trying to do their best. "Teachers should not say things like ʽgood job’ or ʽnice work’ whenever a child does anything. They should encourage them to continue to improve," some researchers advise.
Another idea is that children with high self-confidence are happier, and do better at school. About this, Marshall Duke, a researcher in children, says, "High self-confidence brought in by too much praise does not make children happier, get more, or become able to do more. Finding a child’s advantages and developing them can help build confidence more than too much praise can." Praise also loses its effect if it is given equally to all students.
“It’s important to tell children the truth about what they’ve done. Honest feedback is far better than empty praise," Duke adds. "People have got into the habit of not telling children when they’re wrong. That makes it hard for them to deal with difficulties when they grow up. That’s just how the world is."
1.According to some researchers, if parents praise their children too much, their children will______.
A.become strong B.increase self-confidence
C.do better in their studies D.always look for praise
2.In order to help children build self-confidence, some researchers advise teachers to ______.
A.make them live more happily B.let them do more difficult work
C.encourage them to improve D.help them do better in school
3.Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A.Praise makes children become successful.
B.The same praise for all children has no meaning.
C.Children don’t know what they’re really good at.
D.Duke thinks praise is more important than finding children’s strengths.
4.What is the last paragraph about?
A.What children with high self-confidence are like.
B.It’s important to have the habit of praising children.
C.Children should know their mistakes as soon as possible.
D.We should praise children honestly and tell them their mistakes.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Dogs are man’s best friends---they are very good for children’s health. Researchers found that family pets helped to protect babies against breathing problems and infections (感染).
A team from Kuopio University Hospital in Finland studied 397 babies born at their hospital between September 2012 and May 2015 for their first year. They found that babies who lived with a dog or a cat spent fewer weeks with ear infections, coughs or runny noses. They were also less likely to need antibiotics (抗生素) than babies in homes without a pet.
Study author, Dr. Eija Bergroth, said dogs brought dirt and bacteria (细菌) into the home, which helped children’s immune system (免疫系统) to be strong. This improved their defenses against bacteria.
As part of the study, parents filled out weekly diaries starting when the children were nine weeks old, recording information on babies’ health as well as their contact with cats and dogs. They recorded if they had fever, ear infections, coughs or running noses. They also put down whether they needed antibiotics.
Based on those diaries, the researchers found that about a third of the children spent most of their first year with a pet dog and 24 percent in a home with a cat. And children with no dog contact at home were healthy for 65 percent of the time, compared to between 72 and 76 percent for those who did have a pet.
The researchers also found that contact with dogs, more than cats, was tied to fewer weeks of sickness for babies.
However, the researchers said they couldn’t rule out the possibility that people who own dogs are less likely to get sick for another reason, not due to any protection offered by pets.
1.The researchers studied each child’s life ____.
A. for a year
B. for three years
C. for four years
D. all through childhood
2.How are dogs able to benefit children?
A. By fighting bacteria.
B. By stopping them from going out.
C. By strengthening their immune system.
D. By producing the antibiotics they need.
3.What do the underlined words, “rule out”, in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Determine. B. Separate.
C. Control. D. Ignore.
4.We can learn from the text that ___.
A. dogs are very friendly towards people.
B. dogs are better for babies’ health than cats.
C. dogs have the most benefits for man.
D. dogs are free from antibiotics.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A small robot may help children who are recovering from a long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home. These children may feel isolated from their friends and classmates. The robot takes their place at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends. They also can take part in class from wherever they are recovering.
Anyone who has had a long-term illness knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This is can be especially true of children. They may feel left out. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less alone. That friend is a robot. The robot is called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is homebound while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child's school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child's desk.
A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. Then they use the same device to control the robot's movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child.
"So, it sits at the child's desk in the classroom and the child uses a tablet or a phone to start it, control its movement with touch, and talk through it. So it's the eyes and the ears and the voice at school."
The student can take part in classroom activities from wherever they are recovering --- whether at home or from a hospital bed. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that makes communicating easy.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “isolated”?
A. freed B. separated C. tired D. banned
2.What can’t children do through the robot?
A. Take part in the class B. Talk with his friends
C. write on the blackboard D. Hear their teachers
3.How do children control the robot’s movements?
A. By talking with the robot B. By taking part in class activities
C. By the microphones equipped in it D. By touching the tablet or phone
4.What’s the robot mainly designed for?
A. Children who have just recovered form illnesses.
B. Children who can’t go to school for a long time.
C. Children who are bored with going to school.
D. Children who can’t see, hear or speak.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A small robot may help children who are recovering from long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home. These children may feel isolated from their friends and classmates. The robot takes their place at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends. They also can take part in class from wherever they are recovering.
Anyone who has a long-term illness knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be especially true for children. They may feel left out. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. That friend is a robot. The robot is called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is homebound while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child’s school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child’s desk.
A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says, from home, the child uses an iPad or a phone to start the robot. Then they use the same device to control the robot’s movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child.
‘So, it sits at the child’s desk in the classroom and the child uses an iPad or a phone to start it, control its movement with touch, and talk through it.’
The student can take part in classroom activities from wherever they are recovering — whether at home or from a hospital bed. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communication easy.
1.What’s the meaning of the underlined word ‘isolated’?
A. Kept apart. B. Difficult to learn.
C. Unhappy or stressful. D. Full of hope.
2.What are children unable to do through the robot?
A. Taking part in the class. B. Talking with his friends.
C. Writing on the blackboard. D. Hearing their teachers.
3.How do children control the robot’s movements?
A. By talking with the robot.
B. By taking part in class activities.
C. By using the microphones equipped in it.
D. By touching an iPad or a phone.
4.What’s the robot mainly designed for?
A. Children who have just recovered from illnesses.
B. Children who can’t go to school for a long time.
C. Children who are bored with going to school.
D. Children who can’t see, hear or speak.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Researchers at the University of Bedforshire have developed a new technique for powering electronic device（装置）. The system, developed by Professor Ben Allen at the Centre for Wireless Research, uses radio waves as power.
Believed to be a world first, the team claims it could eventually eliminate (or get rid of) the need for conventional batteries. The university has now filed a patent application to secure the only rights to the technique.
Professor Allen and his team have created a system to use medium wave frequencies to replace batteries in small everyday devices like clocks and remote controls.
The new technique uses the “waste” energy of radio waves and has been developed as part of the university’s research into “power harvesting”. Professor Allen said that as radio waves have energy---like light waves, sound waves or wind waves---in theory, these waves could be used to create power.
“The emerging（新兴的）area of power harvesting technology promises to reduce our reliance on conventional batteries,” he said. “It’s really exciting way of taking power from sources other than what we would normally think of.”
The team is now waiting for the results of the patent application to secure recognition of the technique. Professor Allen said that the team’s achievements had all been done in their “spare time”. “Our next stage is to try and raise some real funds so that we can take this work forward and make a working prototype（模型）and maybe partner up with the right people and take this to a full product in due course,” he said.
“Power harvesting has a really important part in our future, because, just in this country, we dispose of somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 tones of batteries in landfill（垃圾填理）sites every single year－that is toxic chemicals going into the ground.”
He added that development of the product could also be “commercially beneficial”. “The market for this is several billion pounds. We’ve seen market predictions for 2020 which have these kinds of figures, so there’s a lot of commercial potential in this area,” he said.
Pro-Vice Chancellor at the University of Bedfordshire, Professor Carsten Maple, said, “This type of work is a reflection of the university’s growing reputation and experience in conducting innovative（创新的）research.”
1.From the text we know the new technique for powering electronic devices_____.
A. can be applied to all electronic devices.
B. uses radio waves to create power.
C. has replaced conventional batteries.
D. produces many toxic chemicals.
2.According to Professor Allen, power harvesting technology______.
A. makes every use of radio waves.
B. takes power from usual sources.
C. reduces our dependency on conventional batteries.
D. aims at huge commercial benefits.
3.What can we learn about Professor Allen and his team from the text?
A. They have made use of radio waves in their daily life.
B. They have raised a big fund to support their research.
C. They have gained a patent for their new technology.
D. They mainly did their research in their spare time.
4.What is Professor Carsten Maple’s attitude toward the new technique?
A. Critical. B. Favorable.
C. Conservative. D. Negative.
5.What is the text mainly about?
A. A new technique to create power.
B. A crisis concerning conventional batteries.
C. Some special sources of power.
D. The development of power harvesting.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers at the University of Bedforshire have developed a new technique for powering electronic device（装置）. The system, developed by Professor Ben Allen at the Centre for Wireless Research, uses radio waves as power.
Believed to be a world first, the team claims it could eventually get rid of the need for conventional batteries. The university has now applied for a patent(专利) application to secure the only rights to the technique.
Professor Allen and his team have created a system to use medium wave frequencies to replace batteries in small everyday devices like clocks and remote controls.
The new technique uses the “waste” energy of radio waves and has been developed as part of the university’s research into “power harvesting”. Professor Allen said that as radio waves have energy---like light waves, sound waves or wind waves---in theory, these waves could be used to create power.
“The new area of power harvesting technology promises to reduce our reliance on conventional batteries,” he said. “It’s really exciting way of taking power from sources other than what we would normally think of.”
The team is now waiting for the results of the patent application to secure recognition of the technique. Professor Allen said that the team’s achievements had all been done in their “spare time”. “Our next stage is to try and raise some real funds so that we can take this work forward and make a working pattern and maybe partner up with the right people and take this to a full product in due course,” he said.
“Power harvesting has a really important part in our future, because, just in this country, we leave somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 tons of batteries in landfill（垃圾填埋）sites every single year－that is poisonous chemicals going into the ground.”
He added that development of the product could also be “commercially（商业） beneficial”. “The market for this is several billion pounds. We’ve seen market predictions for 2020 which have these kinds of figures, so there’s a lot of commercial potential in this area,” he said.
Pro-Vice Chancellor at the University of Bedfordshire, Professor Carsten Maple said, “This type of work is a reflection of the university’s growing reputation and experience in carrying out creating research.”
1.From the text we know the new technique for powering electronic devices_____.
A. can be applied to all electronic devices.
B. uses radio waves to create power.
C. has replaced conventional batteries.
D. produces many poisonous chemicals.
2.According to Professor Allen, power harvesting technology______.
A. makes every use of radio waves.
B. takes power from usual sources.
C. reduces our dependency on conventional batteries.
D. aims at huge commercial benefits.
3.What can we learn about Professor Allen and his team from the text?
A. They have made use of radio waves in their daily life.
B. They have raised a big fund to support their research.
C. They have gained a patent for their new technology.
D. They mainly did their research in their spare time.
4.What is Professor Carsten Maple’s attitude toward the new technique?
A. Critical. B. Favorable.
C. Disapproving. D. Negative.
5.What is the text mainly about?
A. A new technique to create power.
B. A big problem concerning conventional batteries.
C. Some special sources of power.
D. The development of power harvesting.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The building______ last spring is a hospital for children and women.
A. to built B. to be built
C. built D. building
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析