In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States controlled manufacturing, banking, mining and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes(收费关卡), and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.
In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct restricting activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and difference between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on drug dealers, innkeepers and retail merchants of various kinds. The goods of trade generally came under state inspection and such important raw material as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by business.
Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the region, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasing easy term, with a summit in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title to land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs(关税) that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.
1.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. States rights versus federal rights.
B. The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction.
C. The roles of state and federal government in the economy of the nineteenth century.
D. Restricting activity by state government.
2.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were ______.
A. built with money that came from the federal government
B. much more expensive to build than they had been previously
C. built predominantly in the western part of the country
D. sometimes built in part by state companies
3.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Homestead Act of 1862?
A. It increased the money supply in the West.
B. It was a law first passed by state government in the West.
C. It made it increasingly possible for settlers to obtain land in the West.
D. It established tariffs in a number of regions.
4.Which of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in the nineteenth century?
A. Control of the manufacture of gunpowder.
B. Determining the conditions under which individuals worked.
C. Regulation of the supply of money.
D. Inspection of new homes built on western lands.
高三英语阅读理解简单题
In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States controlled manufacturing, banking, mining and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes(收费关卡), and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.
In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct restricting activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and difference between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on drug dealers, innkeepers and retail merchants of various kinds. The goods of trade generally came under state inspection and such important raw material as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by business.
Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the region, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasing easy term, with a summit in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title to land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs(关税) that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.
1.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. States rights versus federal rights.
B. The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction.
C. The roles of state and federal government in the economy of the nineteenth century.
D. Restricting activity by state government.
2.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were ______.
A. built with money that came from the federal government
B. much more expensive to build than they had been previously
C. built predominantly in the western part of the country
D. sometimes built in part by state companies
3.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Homestead Act of 1862?
A. It increased the money supply in the West.
B. It was a law first passed by state government in the West.
C. It made it increasingly possible for settlers to obtain land in the West.
D. It established tariffs in a number of regions.
4.Which of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in the nineteenth century?
A. Control of the manufacture of gunpowder.
B. Determining the conditions under which individuals worked.
C. Regulation of the supply of money.
D. Inspection of new homes built on western lands.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City.
Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as “heard only once in a hundred years”. She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism.
1.According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?
A.She studied at a music school. | B.She sang for religious activities. |
C.She sang at Town Hall in New York. | D.She studied voice in Europe. |
2.Toscanini thought that Marian Anderson .
A.had a very rare voice | B.sang occasionally in public |
C.sang only once in many years | D.was seldom heard by people |
3.Anderson’s beautiful voice was first recognized .
A. at the Lincoln Memorial B. in Washington, DC.
C. in Europe D. at the United Nations
4.This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US by
A.protesting to the government | B.appealing to the United Nations |
C.demonstrating in the streets | D.working hard to perfect her art |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City.
Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as “heard only once in a hundred years”. She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism.
1.According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?
A. She studied at a music school. B. She sang for religious activities.
C. She sang at Town Hall in New York. D. She studied voice in Europe.
2.Toscanini thought that Marian Anderson ________.
A. had a very rare voice B. sang occasionally in public
C. sang only once in many years D. was seldom heard by people
3.Anderson’s beautiful voice was first recognized ________.
A. at the Lincoln Memorial B. in Washington, DC.
C. in Europe D. at the United Nations
4.This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US by ________.
A. protesting to the government B. appealing to the United Nations
C. demonstrating in the streets D. working hard to perfect her art
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a
local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City.
Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as “heard only once in a hundred years”. She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism.
60.According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?
A.She studied at a music school. B.She sang for religious activities.
C.She sang at Town Hall in New York. D.She studied voice in Europe.
61.Toscanini thought that Marian Anderson .
A.had a very rare voice B.sang occasionally in public
C.sang only once in many years D.was seldom heard by people
62.Anderson’s beautiful voice was first recognized .
A.at the Lincoln Memorial B.in Washington, DC.
C.in Europe D.at the United Nations
63.This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US by .
A.protesting to the government B.appealing to the United Nations
C.demonstrating in the streets D.working hard to perfect her art
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
The United States government is back in business. Early Thursday morning, President Barack Obama signed a bill to reopen the government. The budget bill, drafted by Senate late on Wednesday night, raised the government’s debt ceiling and averted(避免)a serious economic crisis. “With the shutdown behind us,” Obama said after the Senate vote, “we now have an opportunity to focus on a sensible budget that is responsible, that is fair and that helps hardworking people all across this country.”
Now that a settlement has been reached, formerly furloughed(休假)employees have returned to work, national museums and parks are reopening, and the government’s gears are slowly beginning to turn again.
Before the shutdown, a federal funding bill went back and forth between the Senate and the House. A major issue was whether or not the government would pay for changes in Obama’s healthcare plan. The Senate, with a Democratic majority, wanted to pass a budget that would fund the new healthcare law. But the House, which has a Republican majority, did not want government money used that way. Because an agreement could not be reached on a budget plan, the government was forced to partially shut down.
Sixteen days later, the two sides have come together to pass a measure that raised the country’s debt ceiling. The debt ceiling is the strict legal limit Congress places on the amount of money that can be borrowed each year. Had this agreement not been met by October 17, the U.S. may not have been able to pay its promised payments. This legislation, or law, will fund the government through January 15. During this time, Obama and Congress will work on a long-term spending plan.
The effects of the two-week government shutdown were widespread. In addition to national parks, museums, memorials and monuments were off-limits to visitors. Workers at government-run organizations like NASA and the Environmental Protection Agency were furloughed. Part of the new legislation will pay back the 800,000 workers who were without pay during the shutdown.
Early Thursday, the Smithsonian Institution celebrated the government’s reopening on Twitter. “We’re back from the shutdown!” they wrote, announcing that museums would reopen Thursday and the National Zoo in Washington on Friday.
To the delight of many people, that also means the return of the zoo’s popular live Panda camera.
1.What may have lead to the government shutdown?
A. Economic crisis.
B. The senate voting.
C. Dispute on the budget bill.
D. Lazy people across the country.
2.What does the underlined phrase “two sides” in paragraph four refers to?
A. The senate and the house.
B. The senate and the president.
C. The president and the congress.
D. The legislator and the government.
3.What can we learn about the U.S. Government from the shutdown?
A. It is run by lazy workers.
B. It is affected by different political forces.
C. The people has no say in the decision making process.
D. Obama decides whether his health care bill will be passed or not.
4.In mentioning the live Panda camera, the author suggests that ______.
A. zoos were government-run
B. pandas were popular among the public
C. the effects of the shutdown were widespread
D. tourists were affected the most by the shutdown
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Harvard is older than the United States. In the early 1630s, some settlers recommended that a university 1.(found) just to improve the quality of their descendants(子孙)so that they could better build the new home. Thus ,it was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Like many other universities at that time, Harvard at the early stage often ran into 2. financial crisis. The school board often had to go to Europe to raise 3.(donate),but as you can predict, they often came back 4.their hands empty.
5.(fortunate),in 1638,John Harvard, pastor of Charlestown, passed away. He left his library and half his estate(财产)to the institution ,6.were the biggest contribution ever since its establishment .Therefore, the university was named after his name. Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard 7.(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard, and it is perhaps the University’s best 8.(know) landmark.
It is universally 9.(acknowledge) that John Harvard was respected and remembered by the people in the USA owing to10. he did .
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
—I’m going to the United States.
—How long ______ you ______ in the United States?
A. are; stayed B. are; staying C. have; stayed D. did; stay
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
People in the western state of California who are in the United States illegally can now request a driver's license. The law went into effect on January l. California is not the first American state with such a law, but it has the largest number of illegal immigrants. More than a million people began to request licenses shortly after the new state law went into effect. Among them was Christian Alvarado. Mr. Alvarado entered the United States from El Salvador eight years ago without permission from the U.S. government. Some call such people "illegal immigrants." Others call them "undocumented immigrants "
Mr. Alvarado thinks is so exciting, for be has been waiting for the license for a long time. But some are worried that their personal information will be used to find them and deport them. Armando Botello is a spokesman for the California Department of Motor Vehicles, or DMV. He says people should not be afraid, for such information will not be shared.
The new licenses are the same as licenses given to citizens except that they have the words "Federal Limits Apply". That means the license cannot be used to travel on an airplane or enter a federal building. Ana Garcia, working at the Central American Resource Center, says some illegal immigrants fear those words will be used to abuse them. Civil rights groups say the police and others
Dan Schnur , a political scientist at the University of Southern California, said that the main argument against the new law is that it rewards illegal behavior. But Professor Schnur argued that young, white Americans generally support immigration reform, including giving driver's licenses to illegal immigrants
"It's simply because they grew up a much more multicultural society than their parents or their grandparents did:" Professor Schnur says he believes the changes in beliefs about illegal immigrants that have taken place in California will spread throughout the United States.
1.Why did the new law make Mr. Alvarado excited?
A. Because he can request a driver's license.
B. Because he became a legal immigrant of California.
C. Because he got his driving license as an illegal immigrant.
D. Because a law went into effect for the new immigrants.
2.What is the difference of the new licenses compared to those given to citizens'?
A.The words “Federal Limits Apply” will abuse illegal immigrants
B. They can't be used to travel on an airplane or enter a federal building.
C. They can be used to act against the police and other people.
D. With the words "Federal Limits Apply", immigrants can enjoy special rights.
3.What's the public's attitude towards the new law released on January l in California?
A. supportive B. negative
C. neutral D. Controversial
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
People in the western state of California who are in the United States illegally can now request a driver's license. The law went into effect on January l. California is not the first American state with such a law, but it has the largest number of illegal immigrants. More than a million people began to request licenses shortly after the new state law went into effect. Among them was Christian Alvarado. Mr. Alvarado entered the United States from El Salvador eight years ago without permission from the U.S. government. Some call such people "illegal immigrants." Others call them "undocumented immigrants".
Mr. Alvarado thinks it so exciting, for he has been waiting for the license for a long time. But some are worried that their personal information will be used to find them and deport them. Armando Botello is a spokesman for the California Department of Motor Vehicles, or DMV. He says people should not be afraid, for such information will not be shared.
The new licenses are the same as licenses given to citizens except that they have the words "Federal Limits Apply". That means the license cannot be used to travel on an airplane or enter a federal building. Ana Garcia, working at the Central American Resource Center, says some illegal immigrants fear those words will be used to abuse them. Civil rights groups say the police and others will not.
Dan Schnur, a political scientist at the University of Southern California, said that the main argument against the new law is that it rewards illegal behavior. But Professor Schnur argued that young, white Americans generally support immigration reform, including giving driver's licenses to illegal immigrants
"It's simply because they grew up in a much more multicultural society than their parents or their grandparents did." Professor Schnur says he believes the changes in beliefs about illegal immigrants that have taken place in California will spread throughout the United States.
1.Why did the new law make Mr. Alvarado excited?
A. Because he can request a driver's license.
B. Because he became a legal immigrant of California.
C. Because he got his driving license as an illegal immigrant.
D. Because a law went into effect for the new immigrants.
2.What is the difference of the new licenses compared to those given to citizens'?
A. The words “Federal Limits Apply” will abuse illegal immigrants
B. They can't be used to travel on an airplane or enter a federal building.
C. They can be used to act against the police and other people.
D. With the words "Federal Limits Apply", immigrants can enjoy special rights.
3.What’s the public's attitude towards the new law released on January l in California?
A. supportive B. negative
C. neutral D. controversial
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Wednesday, October 29,2008.
The United States federal government had two young men in the state of Tennessee arrested on October 22 on unknown charges.
In court documents published on Monday, it came to light that the men had discussed attacking an African – American school and killing 14 of them.
Another crime was about planning to murder Presidential candidate Barack Obama.According to their affidavits (口供), the suspects’ “final act of violence” would be like this: when they attacked Obama they would wear white suits and top hats and drive “their vehicle as fast as they could toward Obama shooting at him from the windows.”
The two suspects are Paul Schlesselman, 18, of West Helena, Arkansas and Daniel Cowart, 20, of Bells, Tennessee.According to the court papers, they met last month over the Internet through a friend.Schlesselman and Cowart are believed to share “very strong views” about White Power.
Schlesselman listed “being racist” as his occupation on his MySpace page.He further wrote: “I'm white.I'm proud.I get angry.I like guns.”
Cowart also had a MySpace page on which photos of guns were presented under a heading of “My Guns”.On his page he wrote, “Better to die quick fighting on your feet than to live forever begging on your knees.”
Some have questioned the pair's ability to carry out the charged plan, but authorities have been very concerned about Obama as the first black presidential candidate from a major party.
“We honestly don't know if they had the ability or the skill to carry out the kind of plan that they talked about.” said Malcolm Wiley, of the United Satates Secret Service in an interview with The New York Times.“But we take any threat seriously no matter how big or how small it is.”
Cowart and Schlesselman are scheduled to appear before a judge on Thursady.
1.The passage is mainly about____________.
A.Americans’ attitudes towards Barack Obarma
B.two young men planning to commit violence
C.the violence in the United States
D.the disadvantages of the Internet
2.From the passage, we can know that the two young men_________.
A.shot 14 students in an African – American school
B.came from the state of Tennessee
C.were proud of Barack Obama
D.have not been sentenced yet
3.Which of the following shows the right order of the events?
a.The two suspects were arrested.
b.The two suspects will be tried in the court.
c.Cowart set up his MySpace page on the Internet.
d.Malcolm Wiley was interviewed by The New York Times.
A.a; b; c; d B.d; c; b; a C.c; a; d; b D.c; a; b; d
4.What can we infer from the news?
A.Most of the white people in the United States don’t like Barack Obama.
B.The two young men planned to shoot President Barack Obama.
C.The two young men were innocent in fact.
D.The two young men strongly believed that the president should be a white man
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析