According to sociologists, there are several ...

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as a leader of a social group.

In the family, traditional cultural patterns award_________　 to one or both of the parents. In other _______, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of _______.In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent _______ that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have _______; rather, practically any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has _______ that meet the needs of that particular group.

Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership _______ that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the _______ of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the _______well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing ____________ support to group members and attempting to decrease tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may ____________ group members who restrict attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more ____________ or primary relationship to others in the group.They offer ____________ when someone experiences difficulties and try to____________ issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal ______________ from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

1.A.burden B.leadership C.housework D.right

2.A.families B.societies C.cases D.researches

3.A.selection B.struggle C.recommendation D.register

4.A.evidence B.support C.approach D.pattern

5.A.in advance B.in brief C.in general D.in common

6.A.partners B.achievements C.skills D.qualities

7.A.selections B.roles C.challenges D.structures

8.A.assignment B.introduction C.completion D.division

9.A.joint B.financial C.social D.individual

10.A.political B.administrative C.emotional D.technical

11.A.discipline B.praise C.ignore D.identify

12.A.casual B.temporary C.personal D.stable

13.A.criticism B.sympathy C.estimate D.information

14.A.omit B.confuse C.raise D.resolve

15.A.imitation B.affection C.objection D.revenge

高二英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析

When it comes to helping students learn and mature, there are several ways to increase their well-being. Although your children may be succeeding in the classroom, there are a few things that you still can do.

Encouraging physical activity is the first thing you can do. More and more children do not participate in sports after school. It’s important for you to encourage mobility with sports that are played after class. You should find sporting equipment, basketball courts and play areas where kids can increase their well-being. 1.

Secondly, you can provide proper nutrition for your children. It’s important for your children to receive proper nutrition both inside and outside of the home. 2. You’d better make it a point to provide enough nutrition for their proper development and growth.

3. Many parents fail to stop children from using smart phones and computers. There are some institutions that even encourage too much screen time as a way to teach children or keep them entertained. You should help the children remain excited without sitting in front of a screen throughout the day.

Last but not the least, monitoring bullying （欺凌）is also an essential part. Bullying continues to remain a common problem in some schools, making it important that the environment that your children grow in holds a high standard. 4.

It’s important to examine the school life as a whole to determine what factors are missing. 5.. You may determine how well they adjust to the world around them and succeed in life.

A. You should provide kids with fresh food.

B. Besides, you’d better limit their screen time.

C. It will encourage children to focus on their study.

D. In addition, try your best to give them more freedom.

E. This will reduce the risk of health conditions that include obesity.

F. You can advise teachers to keep a practice of looking for bullying.

G. Parents play a significant role in children’s growth and well-being.

高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

When it comes to helping students learn and mature, there are several ways to increase their well-being. Although your children may be succeeding in the classroom, there are a few things that you still can do.

Encouraging physical activity is the first thing you can do. More and more children do not participate in sports after school. It’s important for you to encourage mobility with sports that are played after class. You should find sporting equipment, basketball courts and play areas where kids can increase their well-being. 1.

Secondly, you can provide proper nutrition for your children. It’s important for your children to receive proper nutrition both inside and outside of the home. 2. You’d better make it a point to provide enough nutrition for their proper development and growth.

3. Many parents fail to stop children from using smart phones and computers. There are some institutions that even encourage too much screen time as a way to teach children or keep them entertained. You should help the children remain excited without sitting in front of a screen throughout the day.

Last but not the least, monitoring bullying （欺凌）is also an essential part. Bullying continues to remain a common problem in some schools, making it important that the environment that your children grow in holds a high standard. 4.

It’s important to examine the school life as a whole to determine what factors are missing. 5.. You may determine how well they adjust to the world around them and succeed in life.

A.You should provide kids with fresh food.

B.Besides, you’d better limit their screen time.

C.It will encourage children to focus on their study.

D.In addition, try your best to give them more freedom.

E.This will reduce the risk of health conditions that include obesity.

F.You can advise teachers to keep a practice of looking for bullying.

G.Parents play a significant role in children’s growth and well-being.

高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress. They include deep breathing and a method of guided thought called meditation. They also include exercise，eating healthy foods，getting enough rest and balancing the time 1.（spend）working and playing. Exercise is one of 2. most effective stressreduction measures. Running, walking or playing sports causes physical changes 3. make you feel better. Exercise also improves the body's defense system 4. disease. And studies have found that 5. helps protect against a decrease in mental ability.

Doctors say deep，slow breathing is also helpful. Many 6.（medicine）studies have shown that clearing the mind through quiet meditation 7.（help）you become calm. This causes lower blood pressure，reduces muscle tension 8. decreases heart rate.

Experts also say keeping stress to yourself can make problems 9.（bad）. Researchers have linked the 10. (fail) to identify and express emotions to many health conditions. These include eating disorders，fear disorders and high blood pressure.

高二英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Many people in the United States like eggs for breakfast. There are many different ways to cook eggs. One of the most common kinds of eggs for breakfast is scrambled eggs. In addition, this is one of the easiest dishes to cook. Read this recipe(秘法)for scrambled eggs and you will see how easy it is.

Steps:

1) Melt the butter in a frying pan over medium(适中的)heat.

2) In a small bowl, mix the eggs and the milk. Use the fork (or the spoon) to mix these well.

3) Pour this mixture into the pan.

4) Stir the eggs from time to time with the spatula. Continue until the eggs are no longer liquid.

5) Add salt and pepper, Add a little or a lot, as you like.

1.For this recipe, you do not need __________.

A. a knife　　　　 B. a spatula　　　　 C. a bowl　　　　　 D. a fork

2. Which of these steps comes first?

A. Stir the eggs with the spatula.

B. Eat the eggs for breakfast.

C. Add salt and pepper.

D. Mix the eggs and the milk.

3. Which of these words means “to change from solid to liquid”?

A. pour　　　　　 B. melt　　　　　 C. stir　　　　　 D. scramble

4.Read the recipe again, in which of the five steps do you scramble the eggs?

A. Step 2　　　 B. Step 3　　　　 C. Step 4　　　　 D. Step 5

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Many people in the United States like eggs for breakfast. There are many different ways to cook eggs. One of the most common kinds of eggs for breakfast is scrambled eggs. In addition, this is one of the easiest dishes to cook. Read this recipe(秘法)for scrambled eggs and you will see how easy it is.

Steps:

1) Melt the butter in a frying pan over medium(适中的)heat.

2) In a small bowl, mix the eggs and the milk. Use the fork (or the spoon) to mix these well.

3) Pour this mixture into the pan.

4) Stir the eggs from time to time with the spatula. Continue until the eggs are no longer liquid.

5) Add salt and pepper. Add a little or a lot, as you like.

1.For this recipe, you do not need __________.

A. a knife　　　　 B. a spatula　　　　 C. a bowl　　　　　 D. a fork

2.Which of these steps comes first?

A. Stir the eggs with the spatula.

B. Eat the eggs for breakfast.

C. Add salt and pepper.

D. Mix the eggs and the milk.

3.Which of these words means “to change from solid to liquid”?

A. pour　　　　　 B. melt　　　　　 C. stir　　　　　 D. scramble

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

There are several different types of fire departments. Some hire full-time paid firefighters and some are run entirely by volunteers.1., a firefighter must go through strict physical and academic training to ensure a strong knowledge of fire safety and the physical strength to handle the tasks required by member of a fire department.

Joining a fire department requires that both physical and written tests are passed with scores showing a thorough knowledge of fire safety.2..

The first step in joining a fire department as a paid firefighter is to submit an application as well as acquire the appropriate training. Usually firefighters must have a high school diploma, and some complete two-or-four-year programs in fire science at community colleges and universities. 3., and if a candidate already has connections at a fire department, he may apply for a position straight out of high school.

Once a candidate applies and is accepted for training at a fire department, he must then complete several weeks of training at the department’s training center.4.. When this is done, the candidate is sent to a fire company for a period of probation (实习). He has to continue training in the new position while being directed by experienced firefighters.5.. An application must be submitted to the volunteer fire department, then if the application is accepted, the candidate will take a training program and then be required to pass a physical and written test. Firefighters must also become certified (认证) as Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). The level of EMT certification is determined by the individual departments.

A.Although it is demanding

B.Whichever type is desired

C.However, an academic program is not required

D.For volunteer firefighters the procedure is similar

E.But joining a volunteer fire department is totally different

F.Training consists of classroom work and practical training

G.Also, a candidate must be able to respond quickly in emergencies

高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层). Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.

Class means a person's economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!

Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的)economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowledge, there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S. Senate!

Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.

1.What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?

A．People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.

B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.

C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.

D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.

2.According to the text, we know that ________.

A．Power and class do not always correspond with each other

B．Status refers to a person's economic position in society

C．People with high status have a lot of control over others

D．Class is less important in deciding a person's social rank

3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

_______ the two are only several days apart in age, they seem to belong to wholly different generations.

A．While            B．When            C．As               D．Since

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Dogs can tell how other dogs are feeling from the way their tails are wagging (摇摆), according to researchers who monitored the animals’ heart rate as they watched dogs’ movies. The Italian team found that dogs had higher heart rates and became more anxious when they saw others wag their tails more to the left, but not when they wagged more to the right, or failed to wag at all.

The curious form of communication is probably not intentional, or consciously understood, but is instead an automatic behavior that arises from the structure of the brain, said Giorgio. “It’s not something they clearly and exactly understand,” Giorgio told The Guardian. “It’s just something that happens to them.”

Giorgio traces the effect back to the way the two halves of the brain process different experiences. In a previous study, his team showed that when a dog had a positive experience, activity rose in the left side of the brain, bringing about more tail wagging to the right. Or else more tail wagging to the left. The effect is barely visible to the human eye because dogs tend to wag their tails too fast, but it can be seen with slow motion video, or in some larger types.

In the latest study, the researchers wanted to find out whether the direction of tail wagging had any effect on other dogs. To get an answer, they fitted dogs with vests that recorded their heart rates, and played them movies of other dogs wagging their tails one way and then the other. To ensure the dogs reacted only to tail wagging, and not appearance, they repeated the experiment with dogs that appeared only as shadows.

“When dogs saw other dogs wagging their tails to the right, there was quite a relaxed reaction and no evidence of an increased heart rate. But when the wagging was to the left we saw an increase in heart rate and a series of behaviors typically associated with stress, anxiety and being more watchful,” Giorgio said. The anxious animals held their ears up, breathed, and kept their eyes wide open. The study appears in the latest issue of Current Biology.

1.What does the text focus on?

A.Animal protection. B.Animal psychology.

C.Animal tests. D.Animal welfare.

2.What leads to dogs’ wagging tail to the left or right according to Giorgio?

A.Their automatic behavior. B.Their conscious response.

C.Their increasing heart rate. D.Their selective preference.

3.At what time do dogs have more tail wagging to the right?

A.When they run quickly. B.When they feel hungry.

C.When they feel stressed. D.When they play with their owners.

4.What can we learn from the text?

A.Giorgio did the research on his own.

B.The effect of dog’s wagging tails can be seen by human eyes.

C.A dog keeping his eyes wide open may show he is nervous or worried.

D.The findings of the study will help with wildlife protection.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析