Children learn to construct language from those around them. Until about the age of three, children tend to learn to develop their language by modeling the speech of their parents, but from that time on, peers have a growing influence as models for language development in children. It is easy to observe that, when adults and old children interact with younger children, they tend to change their language to improve communication with younger children, and this changed language is called caretaker speech
When speaking to young children most people will, without thinking, find ways to simplify their language. A caretaker will speak in one way with adults and in a very different way with young children. Caretaker speech tends to be slower speech with short simple words which are said in a high-pitched (高嗓音)voice with strong inflections (音调变化) and many repetitions of essential information.
Caretaker speech serves the very important function of allowing young children to acquire (学得) language more easily. The simplified words and sentences make it easier for the small child to begin to comprehend, and the repetitions strengthen the child’s developing understanding. Then, as a child’s speech develops, caretakers tend to adjust their language to a level that is slightly above that of a younger child. Without recognition of what they are doing, these caretakers will speak in one way to a one-year-old and in a more complex (复杂的) way as the child reaches the age of two or three.
There are debates among experts about whether caretaker speech is a natural function or a learned one. Those who believe that caretaker speech is a natural function in humans believe that it is human nature for children to acquire language and for those around them to encourage children to learn language naturally; the presence of a child is itself a natural stimulus (刺激) that increases the rate of caretaker speech among those present.
However, other experts believe that caretaker speech develops through nurturing (教育) rather than nature. They argue that people will try out different ways to communicate with a child and according to the child’s responses, choose the most effective speech; a parent might, for example, learn to use speech with strong inflections with a small child because the strong inflections do a better job attracting the child’s attention than do more small inflections.
1.According to the text, children over the age of three ________.
A.learn little language from those around them
B.are no longer influenced by the language of their parents
C.are influenced more by those closer to their own age
D.stop using caretaker speech in communication
2.Which of the following is TRUE about caretaker speech?
A.Most people are not familiar with the use of caretaker speech.
B.People generally speak louder to young children without realizing it.
C.Young children use caretaker speech to express themselves.
D.Caretaker speech cannot be understood if it is said only once.
3.It can be learned that parents tend to ________.
A.speak in the same way to a one-year-old and a three-year-old
B.use language that is far above the language level of a child
C.speak in a progressively less complex way as a child grows up
D.change their speech according to the language development of a child
4.It can be inferred that someone who believes in nurture over nature _________.
A.doesn’t believe children have a born ability to learn language
B.prefers to communicate with children in adults’ language
C.encourages parents to adjust their speech to children’s needs
D.has a better understanding of children’s language learning
高一英语阅读理解困难题
Children learn to construct language from those around them. Until about the age of three, children tend to learn to develop their language by modeling the speech of their parents, but from that time on, peers have a growing influence as models for language development in children. It is easy to observe that, when adults and old children interact with younger children, they tend to change their language to improve communication with younger children, and this changed language is called caretaker speech
When speaking to young children most people will, without thinking, find ways to simplify their language. A caretaker will speak in one way with adults and in a very different way with young children. Caretaker speech tends to be slower speech with short simple words which are said in a high-pitched (高嗓音)voice with strong inflections (音调变化) and many repetitions of essential information.
Caretaker speech serves the very important function of allowing young children to acquire (学得) language more easily. The simplified words and sentences make it easier for the small child to begin to comprehend, and the repetitions strengthen the child’s developing understanding. Then, as a child’s speech develops, caretakers tend to adjust their language to a level that is slightly above that of a younger child. Without recognition of what they are doing, these caretakers will speak in one way to a one-year-old and in a more complex (复杂的) way as the child reaches the age of two or three.
There are debates among experts about whether caretaker speech is a natural function or a learned one. Those who believe that caretaker speech is a natural function in humans believe that it is human nature for children to acquire language and for those around them to encourage children to learn language naturally; the presence of a child is itself a natural stimulus (刺激) that increases the rate of caretaker speech among those present.
However, other experts believe that caretaker speech develops through nurturing (教育) rather than nature. They argue that people will try out different ways to communicate with a child and according to the child’s responses, choose the most effective speech; a parent might, for example, learn to use speech with strong inflections with a small child because the strong inflections do a better job attracting the child’s attention than do more small inflections.
1.According to the text, children over the age of three ________.
A.learn little language from those around them
B.are no longer influenced by the language of their parents
C.are influenced more by those closer to their own age
D.stop using caretaker speech in communication
2.Which of the following is TRUE about caretaker speech?
A.Most people are not familiar with the use of caretaker speech.
B.People generally speak louder to young children without realizing it.
C.Young children use caretaker speech to express themselves.
D.Caretaker speech cannot be understood if it is said only once.
3.It can be learned that parents tend to ________.
A.speak in the same way to a one-year-old and a three-year-old
B.use language that is far above the language level of a child
C.speak in a progressively less complex way as a child grows up
D.change their speech according to the language development of a child
4.It can be inferred that someone who believes in nurture over nature _________.
A.doesn’t believe children have a born ability to learn language
B.prefers to communicate with children in adults’ language
C.encourages parents to adjust their speech to children’s needs
D.has a better understanding of children’s language learning
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Swimming is one of those activities that can be learned early in life. Little children can learn to swim as soon as they walk. In fact, you need the same skills in walking as in swimming. However, I believe that five is the best age to learn. By five or six, a child knows fear of water, a very important thing to know. It's wise to be afraid to recognize true danger. Young ones understand that the water can sometimes be very dangerous.
To really benefit from swimming, every swimmer should learn as soon as possible, these four basic strokes; butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and crawl. I feel that one of these-the breaststroke-is different from the others, since some young swimmers use this stroke naturally, without any training.
In swimming there are certain rules every swimmer should follow:
1. Never swim alone! No matter how good you are in the water, don't risk drowning(溺死) by swimming alone. If you swim by yourself, with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble.
2. Don’t go beyond your abilities. Most swimmers know enough not to swim too far from the bank or the beach. Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is not good.
Swim safely and you will continue to swim and alive.
3. Don’t smoke. Swimming depends on a healthy body; good lungs are part of it.
4. Work at any activity that builds muscles.
1. Little children can learn to swim as soon as _____.
A. they can talk B .they start walking
C. they have no fear of the water D. they are five or six years old
2.The author believes that swimming beyond your abilities is_____.
A. good B. sensible C. dangerous D. smart
3.According to the passage, you should not swim alone because_____.
A. the water is too cold
B. your parents would not be happy
C. something in the water might attack
D. you might drown
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language which is different from
their parents speak at home.
A．what B．that C．which D．one
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目标) for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water vaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
1.According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
A. let them see the world around
B. share the children’s curiosity
C. explain difficult phrases about science
D. supply the children with lab equipment?
2.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ______.
A. any questions
B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks
D. any number of questions
3.According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.
A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to answer the next day
D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
4.In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third.
B. The fourth and fifth.
C. The fifth and sixth.
D. The seventh.
5.The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity(好奇).
Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about teaching, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?” After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults often wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when you encourage their good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can mean that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Lastly, show and don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
1.According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
A. to let them see the world around
B. to share the children’s curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science
D. to supply the children with lab equipment
2.In the second paragraph, “your lists” could best be replaced by ______.
A. any questions
B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks
D. any number of questions
3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.
A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to answer the next day
D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
4.In which paragraph does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second B. The third
C. The fourth D. The fifth
5.The author mentions all of the following techniques(技巧) for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting (背诵) facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Some intelligent and successful people find _____ difficult to succeed in language learning.
A．them B．it C．themselves D．itself
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Those children don’t have to ____________ learn , for they always work hard voluntarily.
A．make to B．be made C．make them D．be made to
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
One learns a language by making mistakes and________ them.
| A．correct | B．correcting | C．corrects | D．to correct |
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is natural that children are curious about the world around them. For example, they want to know how their hearts beat. They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.
As children grow up, they become curious about different kinds of things. When they are babies, they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of their mothers. They become interested in the physical world around them: the plants, the animals, the sky. Later, they become interested in the things that people have made: wheels, bicycles, cars. And when they are adults, their curiosity continues. Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career (生涯、职业) in science.
Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world．Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth, the oceans, and the skies. Other scientists who study living things work with the biological sciences. A third group of scientists study the physical sciences, e. g. physics, chemistry.
These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world．For example, they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run. They say that when you are quiet, your heart normally beats sixty-five or seventy-five times a minute. Your heart is a pump (泵) that pumps blood to all parts of the body. The blood carries oxygen and nutrition. When you run, your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the blood carries to them. The muscles need oxygen, too . So your brain sends a signal to the heart. The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen. Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles. It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.
Of course, scientists cannot answer all of our questions. If we ask, “Why does the ocean water taste salty” scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls into cracks. The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we ask , “What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.
We know a lot about our world, but there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.
1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．People of different ages are interested in different things
B．People in different countries are interested in different things.
C．Men and women are curious about different things.
D．People are curious in the same way.
2.Scientists who work with the biological sciences study____.
A．the earth , the oceans and the sky B．plants and animals
C．man-made things D．ocean water
3.When you run, your muscles need ____.
A．more nutrition and oxygen B．more signals C．more salt D．water
4.A rock cracks _____.
A．in wet regions B．in dry regions
C．at very high or very low temperatures D．when salty water falls in
5.People are always curious because ____.
A．they cannot explain many things B．they know nothing about the world
C．they know little about the world D．they want to be scientists
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is natural that children are curious (好奇的) about the world around them. For example, they want to know how their hearts beat. They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.
As children grow up, they become curious about different kinds of things. When they are babies, they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of their mothers. They become interested in the physical world around them: the plants, the animals, the sky. Later, they become interested in the things that people have made: wheels, bicycles, cars. And when they are adults, their curiosity continues. Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career (生涯、职业) in science.
Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world. Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth, the oceans, and the skies. Other scientists who study living things work with the biological sciences. A third group of scientists study the physical sciences, e. g. physics, chemistry .
These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world. For example, they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run. They say that when you are quiet, your heart normally beats sixty-five or seventy-five times a minute. Your heart is a pump (泵) that pumps blood to all parts of the body. The blood carries oxygen and nutrition. When you run, your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the blood carries to them. The muscles need oxygen, too . So your brain sends a signal to the heart. The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen. Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles. It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.
Of course, scientists cannot answer all of our questions. If we ask, “Why does the ocean water taste salty” scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls into cracks. The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we ask , “What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.
We know a lot about our world, but there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.
1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．People are curious in the same way.
B．People in different countries are interested in different things.
C．Men and women are curious about different things.
D．People of different ages are interested in different things
2.Scientists who work with the biological sciences study____.
A．the earth , the oceans and the sky B．man-made things
C．plants and animals D．ocean water
3.When you run, your muscles need ____.
A．more nutrition and oxygen B．more signals
C．more salt D．water
4.A rock cracks _____.
A．in wet regions B．in dry regions
C．at very high or very low temperatures D．when salty water falls in
5.People are always curious because ____.
A．they cannot explain many things B．they know nothing about the world
C．they know little about the world D．they want to be scientists
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析