Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.
Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.
Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the perspective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as ‘idiots’ or ‘fools’, has been little explored by historians. Foyster’s research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.
By asking key questions about the impact of ‘care in the community’ in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population.
“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortality and low life expectancy, and many individuals were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility(高龄) and what today would be described as ‘special needs’ could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or disabled relatives.”
The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of intergenerational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.
“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for the majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for people’s lives.”
1.Which is NOT the reason why those mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800?
A.Mental illness and disability were family problems then.
B.The extensive building of mental hospitals didn’t start yet.
C.They were abandoned by the government and the family.
D.The family would be found guilty if they didn’t care for them.
2.Why does Foyster want to carry out this study?
A.Because it can provide some food for thought for some current social issues.
B.Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.
C.Because she’s looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.
D.Because the limits of intergenerational responsibility in such families, interest her.
3.Which question will NOT be studied in the research?
A.How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population?
B.How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the family’s earning power?
C.How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out?
D.At what point did those families have to begin to look for outside help?
4.The passage is written in order to ________.
A.reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives
B.provide an historical perspective to contemporary debates
C.shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthened
D.introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historian
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.
Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.
Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the perspective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as ‘idiots’ or ‘fools’, has been little explored by historians. Foyster’s research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.
By asking key questions about the impact of ‘care in the community’ in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population.
“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortality and low life expectancy, and many individuals were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility(高龄) and what today would be described as ‘special needs’ could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or disabled relatives.”
The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of intergenerational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.
“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for the majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for people’s lives.”
1.Which is NOT the reason why those mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800?
A.Mental illness and disability were family problems then.
B.The extensive building of mental hospitals didn’t start yet.
C.They were abandoned by the government and the family.
D.The family would be found guilty if they didn’t care for them.
2.Why does Foyster want to carry out this study?
A.Because it can provide some food for thought for some current social issues.
B.Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.
C.Because she’s looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.
D.Because the limits of intergenerational responsibility in such families, interest her.
3.Which question will NOT be studied in the research?
A.How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population?
B.How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the family’s earning power?
C.How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out?
D.At what point did those families have to begin to look for outside help?
4.The passage is written in order to ________.
A.reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives
B.provide an historical perspective to contemporary debates
C.shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthened
D.introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historian
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, 1. mental genius and physical disability made him a household name and inspiration across the globe, has died at age 76.
Propelled(推动) to superstar by his 1988 book A Brief History of Time, which became 2. unlikely worldwide bestseller, Hawking devoted 3.(he) to unlocking the secrets of the Universe. His genius and wit 4.(win) over fans from far beyond the world of astrophysics, earning comparisons with Albert Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton.
Hawking died 5.(peaceful) at his home in the British university city of Cambridge in the early hours of Wednesday morning.
“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today,” professor Hawking’s children said in a statement 6. (carry) by Britain’s Press Association news agency. “He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live 7. for many years.”
Hawking refused to accept the predictions that he would only live for a few years after developing a form of motor neurone disease in his early 8. (twenty). The illness gradually robbed him of mobility, 9.(leave) him confined to a wheelchair, almost completely paralysed and unable to speak except through his voice synthesiser(合成器).
“His courage and persistence with his brilliance and 10. (humorous) inspired people across the world,” his family said.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
How to Care for Your Mental Health?
When you’ve been exposed to an infectious illness, it’s important to quarantine (隔离) yourself 1. While you likely don’t need to worry, spending a lot of time in quarantine may have a negative effect on your mental health.
You can participate in enjoyable activities. While you’re in quarantine, try to do things you enjoy, like watching TV or your favorite movies. You might even use this time to catch up on shows you’ve been planning to watch. However, limit yourself to a few hours of TV at a time so you don’t start to feel down. 2. Otherwise, you can have sad feelings or depression.
3. You might have days when you feel like there’s no point in bathing since you are not going out. However, it’s important to maintain good hygiene (卫生), and bathing actually improves your mood. Bathe or shower at least once a day so you’re taking good care of yourself.
4. You probably want to know what’s going on outside your quarantine space, but too much information can add to your stress, especially news about a pandemic (流行病). Set times to check on the news so you don’t get caught in a constant cycle of watching for updates. 5. So you aren’t seeing news updates there.
A.Practicing self care is vital.
B.So you don’t accidentally infect others.
C.It’s best to manage your worries and emotions.
D.Text your friends and family throughout the day.
E.Fortunately, it’s possible to keep these emotions under control.
F.Of course, you should spend time doing other activities as well.
G.Additionally, set time limits for yourself when it comes to using social media.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
John Nash，a Nobel Prize winner and a mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind，was killed in a car accident on May 24th, 2015.
Born in West Virginia, Nash displayed a keenness for mathematics early in life，independently proving Femret's little theorem（定理）before graduating from high school. By the time he turned 30 in 1958，he was an unquestionable academic celebrity. At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page thesis that led to applications to economics，international politics, and evolutionary biology
His signature solution-known as a "Nash Equilibrium（纳什均衡）”-found that competition among two opponents，not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance，each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. It is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century.
In the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn't published a paper in 36 years. But like a child cured of a nightmare by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. He continued to work, travel，and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.
In 2001，the release of the film A Beautiful Mind，based an Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of the same name，introduced Nash's unusual life story to an international audience
1.John Nash passed away because of__________
A. a mental illness B. overwork
C. a traffic accident D. starvation
2.According to“Nash Equilibrium"，what will happen if two opponents refuse to cooperate?
A. They will get nothing at all.
B．They will get what they really want
C. 'They will lose the support from each other
D. They will achieve their maximum objectives.
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. John Nash's Sudden Death
B. John Nash's Extraordinary life
C. John Nash's Equilibrium
D. John Nash's Mental illness.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Caregivers care for someone with an illness, injury or disability. Caregiving can be rewarding, but it can also be challenging. 1. Women especially are at risk for the harmful health effects of caregiver stress. These health problems may include stress and anxiety. There are ways to manage caregiver stress.
The first thing to do is learn ways to better help your loved one. 2. To find these classes, ask your doctor or call your local Area Agency on Aging.
Take time out to meditate（冥想）or reflect. Spending 10 to 20 minutes twice a day to “clear your head” can work wonders when you’re feeling overburdened. Some caregivers learn meditation techniques from classes or books on the subject, while others simply take time out to quietly reflect. 3.
Exercising is another good way to help mind and body recover. It’s one of the best-known techniques for reducing stress and keeping healthy. A quick walk several times each week gives you significant health benefits. 4.
Your library may offer exercise DVDs. Invite a friend over to join you. 5. Nursing a garden, watching a favorite TV show, or reading an article that interests you. Your favorite hobby can help “center” you and remind you that you still have a life outside of caregiving. You must make some time－even for 10－to take care of yourself.
A. Stress from caregiving is common.
B. Try to do something you enjoy every day.
C. You’d better keep a journal of your thoughts and feelings.
D. Find caregiving resources in your community to help you.
E. Whichever way you choose, it’s important that you focus on clearing your mind.
F. There are many good indoor choices, too, from walking in place to yoga or tai chi.
G. Some hospitals offer classes that can teach you how to care for someone with an injury or illness.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Caregivers care for someone with an illness, injury or disability. Caregiving can be rewarding, but it can also be challenging. 1. Women especially are at risk for the harmful health effects of caregiver stress. These health problems may include stress and anxiety. There are ways to manage caregiver stress.
The first thing is to learn ways to better help your loved one. 2. To find these classes, ask your doctor or call your local Area Agency on Aging.
Take time out to meditate（冥想）or reflect. Spending 10 to 20 minutes twice a day to “clear your head” can work wonders when you’re feeling overburdened. Some caregivers learn meditation techniques from classes or books on the subject, while others simply take time out to quietly reflect. 3.
Exercising is another good way to help mind and body recover. It’s one of the best-known techniques for reducing stress and keeping healthy. A quick walk several times each week gives you significant health benefits. 4.Your library may offer exercise DVDs. Invite a friend over to join you.
5. Nursing a garden, watching a favorite TV show, or reading an article that interests you. Your favorite hobby can help “center” you and remind you that you still have a life outside of caregiving. You must make some time－even for 10－to take care of yourself.
A. Stress from caregiving is common.
B. Try to do something you enjoy every day.
C. You’d better keep a journal of your thoughts and feelings.
D. Find caregiving resources in your community to help you.
E. Whichever way you choose, it’s important that you focus on clearing your mind.
F. There are many good indoor choices, too, from walking in place to yoga or tai chi.
G. Some hospitals offer classes that can teach you how to care for someone with an injury or illness.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Once, my father and I were waiting to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there only one family _ us and the counter, who made a big on me. There were eight children, all probably under 12. You could they weren’t rich. Their clothes weren’t expensive but . The children were well-behaved., standing in line behind their parents and talking about what they would see that night.
One could they had never been to the circus before. The mother was holding her husband’s hand while the father was smiling in . The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted. He proudly , “Eight for children and two for adults, please.”
The ticket lady told him the price. The man’s wife let go of hand, her head dropped, and his lip began to tremble. The father leaned a little and asked, “How much did you say?”
The ticket lady the price. The man didn’t have enough money. was he supposed to turn and tell his kids that he didn’t have enough to take them to the circus? Seeing this, my father put his hand in his pocket, a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground. Then my father _ down, picked up the bill and said the man, “Excuse me, sir, this fell out of your pocket.”
The man knew what was going on. He wasn’t begging for it but certainly the timely help in such an situation. He took my father’s in both of his, squeezed(紧捏) tightly onto the , and with a rear running down his cheek, he replied, “Thank you, sir. This really _ a lot to me and my family.”
1.A. before B. between C. behind D. besides
2.A. difference B. effort C. impression D. suggestion
3.A. tell B. agree C. believe D. suppose
4.A. clean B. shabby C. simple D. common
5.A. disappointedly B. bitterly C. excitedly D. carelessly
6.A. sense B. expect C. doubt D. Recognize
7.A. surprise B. turn C. silence D. pride
8.A. laughed B. announced C. commented D. responded
9.A. my B. his C. her D. their
10.A. backwards B. away C. closer D. farther
11.A. refused B. recited C. reduced D. repeated
12.A. When B. Where C. How D. Why
13.A. time B. money C. chance D. courage
14.A. pulled out B. pulled up C. picked out D. picked up
15.A. jumped B. lay C. knocked D. reached
16.A. appreciated B. admired C. rejected D. offered
17.A. interesting B. embarrassing C. enjoyable D. unbelievable
18.A. pocket B. wallet C. arm D. hand
19.A. ticket B. bill C. pound D. paper
20.A. pays B. costs C. means D. gives
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Last Christmas was a very difficult time for me. My family and all of my close friends were back home in Florida, and I was all alone in a rather cold California. I was working too many hours and became very sick.
I was working a double shift at the Southwest Airlines ticket counter, it was about 9:00 PM on Christmas Eve, and I was feeling really miserable inside. There were a few of us working and very few customers waiting to be helped. When it was time for me to call the next person to the counter, I looked out to see the sweetest-looking old man standing with a cane. He walked very slowly over to the counter and in the faintest voice told me that he had to go to New Orleans. I tried to explain to him that there were no more flights that night and that he would have to go in the morning. He looked so confused and very worried. I tried to find out more information by asking if he had a reservation or if he remembered when he was supposed to travel, but he seemed to become more confused with each question. He just kept saying, “She said I have to go to New Orleans.”
After much time, I was able to at least find out that this old man had been dropped off at the curb on Christmas Eve by his sister-in-law and told to go to New Orleans, where he had family. She had given him some cash and told him just to go inside and buy a ticket. When I asked if he could come back tomorrow, he said that she was gone and that he had no place to stay. He then said he would wait at the airport until tomorrow. Naturally, I felt a little ashamed. Here I was feeling very sorry for myself about being alone on Christmas, when this angel named Clarence MacDonald was sent to me to remind me of what being alone really meant. It broke my heart.
Immediately, I told him we would get it all straightened out, and our Customer Service agent helped to book him a seat for the earliest flight the next morning. We gave him the senior citizen’s fare, which gave him some extra money for travelling. About this time he started to look very tired, and when I stepped around the counter to ask him if he was all right, I saw that his leg was wrapped in a bandage. He had been standing on it that whole time, holding a plastic bag full of clothes.
I called for a wheelchair. When the wheelchair came, we all stepped around to help him in, and I noticed a small amount of blood on his bandage. I asked how he hurt his leg, and he said that he had just had bypass surgery and an artery was taken from his leg. Can you imagine? This man had had heart surgery, and then shortly afterward, was dropped off at the curb to buy a ticket with no reservation to fly to New Orleans, alone!
I never really had a situation like this, and I wasn’t sure what I could do. I went back to ask my supervisors if we could find a place for him to stay. They both said yes, and they obtained a hotel voucher for Mr. MacDonald for one night and a meal ticket for dinner and breakfast. When I came back out, we got his plastic bag of clothes and cane together and gave the porter a tip to take him downstairs to wait for the airport shuttle. I bent down to explain the hotel, food and itinerary (行程) again to Mr. MacDonald, and then patted him on the arm and told him everything would be just fine.
As he left he said, “Thank you,” bent his head and started to cry. I cried too. When I went back to thank my supervisor, she just smiled and said, “I love stories like that. He is your Christmas Man.”
1.Last Christmas the writer had a miserable time because ______.
A．there were more customers than usual waiting to be helped
B．it was freezing cold in California at Christmas time
C．she was working all alone at the ticket counter
D．she was far away from her family and friends
2.The writer’s first impression of the old man was that he was ______.
A．gentle-looking and weak B．tired out and worried
C．confused and very sick D．sad and anxious
3.The old man wanted to fly to New Orleans to ______.
A．see his friends there
B．spend the Christmas with his family
C．visit his sister-in-law
D．undergo heart surgery
4.On hearing the old man say that he would wait at the airport the whole night, the writer felt a bit ashamed. This is because ______.
A．she felt sorry that she couldn’t do the old man a favor
B．she realized that someone was even more miserable than she felt
C．it took her a long time to find out how helpless the old man was
D．the old man was like an angel in the writer’s eyes
5.The writer called for a wheelchair for the old man because ______.
A．the old man had broken his leg when he was dropped off at the curb
B．the old man could spend the whole night on it at the airport
C．the old man was carrying a whole lot of clothes
D．the old man had had surgery just before and was very weak by then
6. By calling the old man the writer’s Christmas Man, the writer’s supervisor implied that ______.
A．the old man had told the writer a love story on Christmas
B．the old man had caused a lot of trouble for the writer on Christmas
C．the old man was the best gift the writer could have received on Christmas
D．the old man was the only customer the writer had served on Christmas
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Since my family were not going to be helpful, I decided I would look for one all by myself and not tell them about it till I’d got one.
I had seen an agency (中介机构) advertised in a local newspaper. I rushed out of the 1in search of it. I was wildly excited, and as 2 as if I were going on the stage. Finding the 3 quite easily, I ran breathlessly through a door which said “Enter without knocking, if you please.”
The simple atmosphere of the office 4 me. The woman looked carefully at me 5 through her glasses, and then 6 me in a low voice. I answered softly. All of a sudden I started to feel rather 7. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of 8. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be 9 to get a job without 10. I wondered whether I ought to leave, 11the telephone on her desk rang. I heard her say: “ 12, I’ve got someone in the 13 at this very moment who might 14.” She wrote down a 15, and held it out to me, saying: “ Ring up this lady. She wants a 16 immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”
“ Oh yes,” said I — 17 having cooked for more than four in my life. I 18 her again and again, and rushed out to the 19 telephone box. I collected my thoughts, took a deep breath, and rang the number. I said confidently that I was just what she was looking for. I spent the next few hours 20 cook books.
1.A. bed B house C. agency D. office
2. A．proud B．pleased C．nervous D．worried
3. A．family B．door C．place D．stage
4. A．calmed B．excited C．frightened D．disturbed
5. A．as usual B．for a while C．in a minute D．once again
6. A．advised B．examined C．informed D．questioned
7. A．encouraged B．dissatisfied C．hopeless D．pleased
8. A．place B．job C．advice D．help
9. A．difficult B．helpless C．possible D．unusual
10. A．ability B．experience C．knowledge D．study
11. A．after B．since C．until D．when
12. A．Above all B．As a matter of fact C．As a result D．In spite of that
13. A．family B．house C．office D．restaurant
14. A．hire B．accept C．suit D．offer
15. A．letter B．name C．note D．number
16. A．cook B．help C．teacher D．secretary
17. A．almost B．never C．nearly D．really
18. A．answered B．promised C．thanked D．told
19. A．outside B．local C．closest D．nearest
20. A．borrowing B．buying C．reading D．writing
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Since my family were not going to be helpful, I decided I would look for one all by myself and not tell them about it till I’d got one．
I had seen an agency （中介机构） advertised in a local newspaper．I rushed out of the __41_ in search of it．I was wildly excited, and as _42_ as if I were going on the stage．Finding the ___43__ quite easily, I ran breathlessly through a door which said “Enter without knocking, if you please．”
The simple atmosphere of the office __44__ me．The woman looked carefully at me __45_ through her glasses, and then 46 me in a low voice．I answered softly．All of a sudden I started to feel rather 47 She wondered why I was looking for this sort of 48 I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be 49 to get a job without 50 I wondered whether I ought to leave, 51 the telephone on her desk rang．I heard her say:
“52, I’ve got someone in the53 at this very moment who might 54 ．” She wrote down a 55 and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady．She wants a 56 immediately．In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people．”
“Oh yes,” said I ---- 57 having cooked for more than four in my life．I 58 her again and again, and rushed out to the 59 telephone box．I collected my thoughts, took a deep breath, and rang the number．I said confidently that I was just what she was looking for．
I spent the next few hours 60 cook books．
1.A．bed B house C．agency D．office
2.A．proud B．please C．nervous D．worried
3.A．family B．door C．place D．stage
4.A．calmed B．excited C．frightened D．disturbed
5.A．as usual B．for a while C．in a minute D．once again
6.A．advised B．examined C．informed D．questioned
7.A．encouraged B．dissatisfied C．hopeless D．pleased
8.A．place B．job C．advice D．help
9.A．difficult B．helpless C．possible D．unusual
10.A．ability B．experience C．knowledge D．study
11.A．after B．since C．until D．when
12.A．Above all B．As a matter of fact
C．As a result D．In spite of that
13.A．family B．house C．office D．restaurant
14.A．hire B．accept C．suit D．offer
15.A．letter B．name C．note D．number
16.A．cook B．help C．teacher D．secretary
17.A．almost B．never C．nearly D．really
18.A．answered B．promised C．thanked D．told
19.A．outside B．local C．closest D．nearest
20.A．borrowing B．buying C．reading D．writing
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析