Famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, 1. ...

Famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, 1. mental genius and physical disability made him a household name and inspiration across the globe, has died at age 76.

Propelled(推动) to superstar by his 1988 book A Brief History of Time, which became 2. unlikely worldwide bestseller, Hawking devoted 3.(he) to unlocking the secrets of the Universe. His genius and wit 4.(win) over fans from far beyond the world of astrophysics, earning comparisons with Albert Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton.

Hawking died 5.(peaceful) at his home in the British university city of Cambridge in the early hours of Wednesday morning.

“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today,” professor Hawking’s children said in a statement 6. (carry) by Britain’s Press Association news agency. “He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live 7. for many years.”

Hawking refused to accept the predictions that he would only live for a few years after developing a form of motor neurone disease in his early 8. (twenty). The illness gradually robbed him of mobility, 9.(leave) him confined to a wheelchair, almost completely paralysed and unable to speak except through his voice synthesiser(合成器).

“His courage and persistence with his brilliance and 10. (humorous) inspired people across the world,” his family said.

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阅读下面短文，根据上下文填空白处所需的内容（不多于3个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。

Stephen Hawking, a great physicist, was born in Oxford in 1942. He went to school at St. Albans. After graduation, Hawking first went to Oxford University1.he studied physics, and then he furthered his study in Cambridge University. As he2.(honest) admitted, he didn't work hard. He was a lazy student, and he did very little work.3., he still got good grades.

At the age of 20, he first noticed something wrong with him. His mother was very worried and took him4.(see) a doctor. The doctor said he had5.very serious illness and he6.(die) before he was 23.

Hearing the news, he became very sad and7.(disappoint). After coming out of the hospital, he came to know that nobody should lose hope. "Life is not fair, "he once said. “You just have to do the8.(good) .” Then he conducted some of the most important scientific9.(study) and worked at Cambridge University as a professor. His contributions10.the world will live on for many years.

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Stephen Hawking was both one of the world's most famous scientists and most famous disabled people. His life was a juxtaposition of sparkling intellect and failing body. Prof Hawking was diagnosed with a rare form of motor neurone(运动神经元) diseases when he was 21.

The nerves that controlled his muscles were failing and he became trapped in his body, but his mind was still free. He reached the height of his field while being a wheelchair user.

Professor Hawking certainly raised awareness of motor neurone diseases. One of his major contributions to disability in general was simply being visible---often at a time when disabled voices were missing from popular culture. He made small-screen appearances on The Simpsons, Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. His life was dramatised (将…改成剧本)by the BBC and in the film The Theory of Everything.

Steve Bell, from the MND association, said: "He was probably the most famous person with a physical disability and it almost normalises it to see his absolute genius. I think it affected a lot of people, seeing he's more than a trapped body. The public's view of disability has changed.

But Prof Hawking’s life was exceptional. He lived five decades longer than doctors expected. Many others with motor neurone diseases die in the years after diagnosis. He was a theoretical physicist. His laboratory was in the mind; his scientific equipment was mathematics.

Prof Hawking was able to continue to pursue his career in a way that would have been much harder in other scientific disciplines and impossible in many other professions. It remains an open question how much he would have achieved if he was disabled from birth rather than after graduating with a first at Oxford. Today, disabled people are more than twice as likely to be unemployed than people without disability. Prof Hawking 's only advice on disability was to focus on what could be achieved. "My advice to other disabled people would be, concentrate on things your disability doesn’t prevent you doing well, and don 't regret the things it interferes with. Don't be disabled in spirit, as well as physically,” he said in an interview with the New York Times.

1.What does the underlined word juxtaposition in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Combination. B.Trouble.

C.Difficulty. D.Mess.

2.How did Hawking raise awareness of motor neurone diseases?

A.By trying not to get trapped by the disease.

B.By making the voice of the disabled heard.

C.By making people be used to the small screen.

D.By working for the BBC and film companies.

3.What did Steve Bell think of Hawking?

A.He was the most well-known person.

B.He was affected greatly by many people.

C.He changed people's view of disabled people.

D.His physical disability affected his mind.

4.What's Hawking’ s tip to disabled people?

A.Try to find a job and don't be unemployed.

B.Don't ignore your health.

C.Stick to the goals that you can reach.

D.Don’t think you are physically disabled.

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Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous scientists in this century. He was born in 1942. He’s world well-known on space and time. Stephen was searching some very big questions, such as How did the universe begin? How will it end?

Stephen was a student at Oxford University. He studied math and science. Then, at the age of twenty, he became sick. He was so young, but the doctors said to his family, “He has only two more years to live.” As a matter of fact, the doctors were wrong – he didn’t die. He can’t walk but he uses a wheelchair. He can’t feed himself and get in or out of bed himself. But he refused to give in to the condition. He talks with the help of a computer. After Oxford, Stephen went to Cambridge University. Three years later, in 1965, he became a doctor of philosophy(哲学).

Because of his serious health problems, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams(图表) or to write. So he started to think in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he became one of the most famous scientists in the world. In 1981, he met the Pope(教皇) in Rome. They talked about his ideas. Then in 1988, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time. It sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages. He was once invited to China, he impressed us with his self-confidence, humorous and witty conversation.

1.A Brief History of Time is ________.

A. a book which is well-known all over the word

B. a book about Rome’s history

C. Stephen’s talk collection with the Pope in Rome

D. Stephen’s talk collection with me in China

2.Stephen’s studies DO NOT relate to ________ according to the passage.

A. science　　 B. math

C. philosophy　　 D. art

3.The right order of Stephen’s main experiences in ________.

a. He went to Cambridge University.

b. He became very ill.

c. He wrote his first important book.

d. He met the Pope in Rome.

A. c-a-b-d　　 B. a-b-c-d

C. b-a-d-c　　 D. a-c-b-d

4.What does the underlined word “witty” mean?

A. Inspiring.　　 B. Confident.

C. Intelligent.　　 D. Funny.

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John Nash，a Nobel Prize winner and a mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind，was killed in a car accident on May 24th, 2015.

Born in West Virginia, Nash displayed a keenness for mathematics early in life，independently proving Femret's little theorem（定理）before graduating from high school. By the time he turned 30 in 1958，he was an unquestionable academic celebrity. At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page thesis that led to applications to economics，international politics, and evolutionary biology

His signature solution-known as a "Nash Equilibrium（纳什均衡）”-found that competition among two opponents，not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance，each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. It is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century.

In the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn't published a paper in 36 years. But like a child cured of a nightmare by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. He continued to work, travel，and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.

In 2001，the release of the film A Beautiful Mind，based an Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of the same name，introduced Nash's unusual life story to an international audience

1.John Nash passed away because of__________

A. a mental illness　 　 B. overwork

C. a traffic accident　 D. starvation

2.According to“Nash Equilibrium"，what will happen if two opponents refuse to cooperate?

A. They will get nothing at all.

B．They will get what they really want

C. 'They will lose the support from each other

D. They will achieve their maximum objectives.

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. John Nash's Sudden Death

B. John Nash's Extraordinary life

C. John Nash's Equilibrium

D. John Nash's Mental illness.

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Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.

Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious, and wrong, decision on climate change this world has seen.”

Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years’ time and send people to Mars by 2025.”

According to BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal, to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “a new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics and cosmology.”

Hawking also revealed his vision for other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained, at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation, and decimation (大量毁灭) of animal species. We can be ignorant, unthinking lot (人).”

The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed, we will send a probe (航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (起点) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.

1.According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?

A.To build a lunar base.

B.To send people to Mars.

C.To send astronauts to the Moon.

D.To change the future of humanity.

2.What does the underlined phrase “a single goal” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A.Spreading out into space.

B.Facing the common challenge of humans.

C.Stimulating young people’s interest in other areas.

D.Motivating the younger generation to explore space.

3.The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “ _____ ”.

A.speeded up B.stored

C.used up D.explored

4.What is Hawking’s attitude towards the Earth’s future?

A.Worried. B.Confused.

C.Positive. D.Indifferent.

5.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.To warn the audience that humans are in danger.

B.To predict what will happen to the earth in future.

C.To stress that humans are entering a new space age.

D.To encourage the audience to move to other planets.

6.The reason why humans must leave earth soon is that　 .

A.the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger

B.a new and ambitious space program would excite young people

C.astronauts have found a better world in the space than the Earth

D.humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet

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The New York Times——Stephen Hawking, the brightest star in the firmament(天空)of science, whose insights shaped modern cosmology(宇宙论)and inspired global audiences in the millions, has died aged 76. His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge. Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim said in a statement: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.” “He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years to come. His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world.”

When Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuronal (神经元的)disease in 1963 at the age of 21, doctors expected him to live for only two more years. But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual. He survived for more than half a century and long enough for his disability to define him. His popularity would surely have been diminished without it. Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most.

For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease, and witnessing the death from leukaemia of a boy who he knew in hospital, ignited(点燃)a fresh sense of pursue. “Although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,” he once said. Embarking (着手) on his career in earnest, he declared: “My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”

1.The following statements about Hawking is true EXCEPT________.

A. Hawking had three kids according to the passage.

B. Hawking’s intelligence and spirits influenced enormous people all over the world.

C. Hawking’s disease became worse quickly after being diagnosed.

D. Almost all his life was devoted to the exploration of the universe in spite of his severe disease.

2.What does the underlined word “diminish” most probably refer to?

A. Increase　　 B. Decrease　　 C. Gain　　 D. Disappear

3.Which of the following words can be used to describe Hawking?

A. Active and knowledgeable　　 B. Optimistic and determined

C. Thoughtful and hardworking　　 D. Diligent and kind

4.What was it that inspired Hawking to pursue his dream?

A. His courage and persistence with brilliance and humor.

B. His motor neuronal disease.

C. His insights into modern cosmology.

D. His being diagnosed with disease and seeing his friend die of leukaemia.

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Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _life has developed gradually.

A. that                 B. where                C. which                D. whose

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Stephen Hawking has expressed his opinion   ?___ humans might one day be able to make spaceships capable of such speeds that time on board would slow down．

A．that                        B．whom                   C．which                    D．what

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Stephen Hawking’s final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. The physicist, who died aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions.

Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children’s DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity. And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. In an extract (摘录) published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: “I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression. “Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people won’t be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life.” And he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process, leaving them unable to compete. The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. He said of normal humans: “Presumably they will die out, or become unimportant. Instead, there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate.” The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr, which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others. And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science, some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style (优生方式) movement, where the weak are weeded out of society.

The new book, published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday, also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society. In it, he examines whether aliens exist, colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System.

1.Stephen Hawking’s views don’t include _________.

A. DNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings.

B. There exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes.

C. People cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics.

D. Humans who haven’t undergone genetic engineering may die out.

2.Which one is the hook published by Hodder & Stoughton?

A. Brief Answers to Questions. B. The Sunday Times.

C. The Brief History of Time. D. Solar System.

3.What’s Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards human genetic engineering?

A. Supportive. B. Impartial. C. Favorable. D. Concerned.

4.What does the text mainly want to tell us?

A. Crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed.

B. DNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans.

C. Humans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System.

D. DNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings.

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