(B)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
69.Which of the following statements would the supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?
A.A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.
B.Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality.
C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.
D.The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.
70.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article____________.
A.supports the nature theory
B.supports the nurture theory
C.believes both are completely wrong
D.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.
71.In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.
B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.
C.Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.
D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.
高三英语阅读理解简单题
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb./ sth. to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result ,they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
1.The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem .
A. why our personalities and behaviors differ
B. what makes different stages of intelligence
C. how social scientists form different theories
D. what causes the “nature/ nurture” argument
2.The underlined word “proponents” can best be replaced by .
A. approaches B. advocates
C. principles D. characters
3.Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school?
A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors.
D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature and nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching.In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some “anature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites.Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1.This passage is mainly concerned with________.
A.relation between personality and behavior
B.relation between behavior and environment
C.different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D.different theories of the formation of human behavior
2.The underlined word " proponents'' in paragraph 2 means________.
A.creators B.advisors C.advocates D.judges
3.In paragraph 5 , the author mainly writes about.
A.the considerable influence of the two theories
B.differences between the blacks and whites
C.racial discrimination in the United States
D.different responds to intelligence tests
4.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
B.To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C.To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D.To present an argument in the field of social science.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
(B)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
69.Which of the following statements would the supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?
A.A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.
B.Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality.
C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.
D.The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.
70.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article____________.
A.supports the nature theory
B.supports the nurture theory
C.believes both are completely wrong
D.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.
71.In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.
B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.
C.Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.
D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
—What a drive! I’m tired out.
—No wonder! You have been driving for such a long time ________ taking a break.
A. by B. without C. through D. in
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Summer is a busy time for travel. For years, people have wondered whether they are safe from viruses when they travel in small, enclosed areas. They worry about close contact with others who may be sick.
The current spread of a swine flu(猪流感) virus has added to these concerns. Recently, the World Health Organization raised its warning about the new H1N1 virus to its highest level. W.H.O. Director-General Margaret Chan declared the sickness a pandemic–a disease that has spread to many nations. Given this information, many people want to know how safe it is to travel?
The answers people are getting may seem conflicting. For example, a W.H.O. statement urged nations not to close their borders or limit trade and travel. Director-General Chan said cases are generally not that serious for most people. Still, W.H.O. officials continue to report new cases across the world.
In the past, the W.H.O. and experts noted guidance for disease spread on airplanes. The experts said you could get infected only if you sit within two rows of someone who is sick. That would be a distance of up to three meters from the sick person. And this was true only if you sat there for more than eight hours.
But a travel-health expert says this guidance may not be helpful for swine flu. He suggests steps that could help prevent getting swine flu on an airplane. His advice includes keeping the airflow over your seat on the “low” position. The doctor says you should point the equipment so the flow of air is just in front of your face.
Doctors say anyone with pain, swelling(肿胀) or red skin on a leg during or after a long trip may have a blood clot(凝块). Anyone with such signs should see a doctor as soon as possible. The condition many times can be treated with drugs that thin the blood and stop the clot from moving through the body.
68.The underlined word “conflicting” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. in disagreement B. not true C. the same D. unbelievable
69.According to Director-General Chan, the swine flu is ________.
A. a disease spread on airplanes B. a very dangerous disease
C. a disease requiring limit travel D. a widely spread disease
70.Which of the following is the travel-health expert’s opinion on traveling in an airplane?
A. It’s safe to sit within two rows of a sick person.
B. It’s helpful to keep air flowing right before your face.
C. It’s important for a passenger to stay in a plane within 8 hours.
D. It’s certain that a passenger will have a blood clot after a long flight.
71.What would be the best title for the text?
A. Stop Traveling in Case of Swine Flu B. Experts’ Arguments Over Swine Flu
C. Prevention of Swine Flu on the Trip D. No News Is the Best News
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Summer is a busy time for travel. For years, people have wondered whether they are safe from viruses when they travel in small, enclosed areas. They worry about close contact with others who may be sick.
The current spread of a swine flu(猪流感) virus has added to these concerns. Recently, the World Health Organization raised its warning about the new H1N1 virus to its highest level. W.H.O. Director-General Margaret Chan declared the sickness a pandemic–a disease that has spread to many nations. Given this information, many people want to know how safe it is to travel?
The answers people are getting may seem conflicting. For example, a W.H.O. statement urged nations not to close their borders or limit trade and travel. Director-General Chan said cases are generally not that serious for most people. Still, W.H.O. officials continue to report new cases across the world.
In the past, the W.H.O. and experts noted guidance for disease spread on airplanes. The experts said you could get infected only if you sit within two rows of someone who is sick. That would be a distance of up to three meters from the sick person. And this was true only if you sat there for more than eight hours.
But a travel-health expert says this guidance may not be helpful for swine flu. He suggests steps that could help prevent getting swine flu on an airplane. His advice includes keeping the airflow over your seat on the “low” position. The doctor says you should point the equipment so the flow of air is just in front of your face.
Doctors say anyone with pain, swelling(肿胀) or red skin on a leg during or after a long trip may have a blood clot(凝块). Anyone with such signs should see a doctor as soon as possible. The condition many times can be treated with drugs that thin the blood and stop the clot from moving through the body.
1.The underlined word “conflicting” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. in disagreement B. not true C. the same D. unbelievable
2.According to Director-General Chan, the swine flu is ________.
A. a disease spread on airplanes B. a very dangerous disease
C. a disease requiring limit travel D. a widely spread disease
3.Which of the following is the travel-health expert’s opinion on traveling in an airplane?
A. It’s safe to sit within two rows of a sick person.
B. It’s helpful to keep air flowing right before your face.
C. It’s important for a passenger to stay in a plane within 8 hours.
D. It’s certain that a passenger will have a blood clot after a long flight.
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A. Stop Traveling in Case of Swine Flu B. Experts’ Arguments Over Swine Flu
C. Prevention of Swine Flu on the Trip D. No News Is the Best News
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
读写任务
How many times have you heard the expression that most people spend more time planning their vacation than they do planning their lives. I would expand that expression by adding that most people spend more time "thinking" about their vacation than they do thinking about what's important in their life.
While rest and relaxation are a must in living a balanced life, it's now what we were created to do. After all, the Master Creator took his R&R (Rest and Recreation) on the seventh day, only after six days of "definitely directed thought."
Wallace D. Wattles, wrote "There is no labor from which most people shrink as they do from that of sustained and continuous thought; it is the hardest work in the world." And yet it is the first and primary labor of achievement.
What is your life's purpose or your personal mission statement? Is it written down? Do you review it and think about it often? Is your life organized around your purpose and a set of goals that support that purpose?
Without purpose and goals --- definitely directed thought --- you are like the proverbial "shop without a rudder(舵)." There is power in your purpose and in your goals. It is the power that takes you over obstacles, the fuel that pushes you toward the life you expect.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要;
2. 用约120词发表你的观点,内容包括:
(1) 你如何规划中学以后的人生?为什么?
(2) 为了实现你的目标,你将如何行动?
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文句子;
2. 作文中不能狐仙真是姓名和学校名称;
3. 不必写标题
【评分标准】
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
高三英语书面表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
Welcome to Shawnee Mountain, a great place for skiing! All people can have a wonderful time here. For more information, you can visit www.shawneemt.com or call 570-421-7231.
1.Two parents and their son aged 16 will pay ___for the lifts on Tuesday.
A. $118 B. $100 C. $136 D. $129
2.If a man aged 68 goes to the mountain, he should carry _____ with him.
A. his ID card B. his address
C. his phone number D.the active duty ID
3.It is known that people can go to Shawnee Mountain by lift___________.
A. with expensive tickets at night
B. from 8 am to 10 pm on Sundays
C. from Mid December to March
D. just from Monday to Friday
4.Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. There are 2 holiday periods during a winter.
B. The prices now are not the same as last year.
C. People over 70 are also welcome to be there.
D. People can go to the mountain in the afternoon.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Economists have studied how markets work for a long time.Generally,they work well.But markets do not always perform as expected.Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect,or inefficient,and what governments can do to regulate them.
The Nobel prize committee announced the $1.1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole.Itcalled Mr.Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”.The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas.But it said,“most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms.”
Mr.Tiro1e works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse,France.He is 61 years old.For about 30 years,Mr.Tirole has researched periods when markets failed,that is,when they did not provide good results in price and competition.He looked at how a small number of large companies,or even a single company,can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied.
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others· The committee said it chose Mr.Timle because he thought about how best to regulate markets.For example,Tore Ellingsen,Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize,says Mr·Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry.This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 2008—2009.
The economics Drize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alflred Nobel.Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize.It was first presented in 1969.
1.The passage tells us that Jean Tirole______________.
A.has studied the economics in Sweden
B.is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Economics
C.is highly praised by Chairman of the committee
D.has made regulations for large companies
2.We can learn from the passage that___________________.
A.Jean Tirole's research made the markets imperfect or inefficient
B.banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries
C.the world financial crisis of 2008—2009 regulated the markets
D.Alfred Nobel was unwilling to establish economics prize
3.The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can best be,replaced by_________.
A.harmful B.unbelievable
C.beneficial D.convincing
4.What is the article mainly about?
A.The 1ife of Jean Tirole.
B.The research of Jean Tirole.
C.The history of Nobel Prize in Economics.
D.Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Economists have studied how markets work for a long time.Generally,they work well.But markets do not always perform as expected.Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect,or inefficient,and what governments can do to regulate them.
The Nobel prize committee announced the $1.1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole.It called Mr.Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”.The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas.But it said,“most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms.”
Mr.Tiro1e works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse,France.He is 61 years old.For about 30 years,Mr.Tirole has researched periods when markets failed,that is,when they did not provide good results in price and competition.He looked at how a small number of large companies,or even a single company,can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied.
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others· The committee said it chose Mr.Timle because he thought about how best to regulate markets.For example,Tore Ellingsen,Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize,says Mr·Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry.This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 2008—2009.
The economics Drize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alflred Nobel.Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize.It was first presented in 1969.
1.The passage tells us that Jean Tirole______________.
A.has studied the economics in Sweden
B.is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Economics
C.is highly praised by Chairman of the committee
D.has made regulations for large companies
2.We can learn from the passage that___________________.
A.Jean Tirole's research made the markets imperfect or inefficient
B.banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries
C.the world financial crisis of 2008—2009 regulated the markets
D.Alfred Nobel was unwilling to establish economics prize
3.The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can best be,replaced by_________.
A.harmful B.unbelievable
C.beneficial D.convincing
4.What is the article mainly about?
A.The 1ife of Jean Tirole.
B.The research of Jean Tirole.
C.The history of Nobel Prize in Economics.
D.Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析