People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb./ sth. to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result ,they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
1.The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem .
A. why our personalities and behaviors differ
B. what makes different stages of intelligence
C. how social scientists form different theories
D. what causes the “nature/ nurture” argument
2.The underlined word “proponents” can best be replaced by .
A. approaches B. advocates
C. principles D. characters
3.Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school?
A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors.
D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb./ sth. to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result ,they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
1.The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem .
A. why our personalities and behaviors differ
B. what makes different stages of intelligence
C. how social scientists form different theories
D. what causes the “nature/ nurture” argument
2.The underlined word “proponents” can best be replaced by .
A. approaches B. advocates
C. principles D. characters
3.Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school?
A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors.
D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature and nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching.In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some “anature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites.Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1.This passage is mainly concerned with________.
A.relation between personality and behavior
B.relation between behavior and environment
C.different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D.different theories of the formation of human behavior
2.The underlined word " proponents'' in paragraph 2 means________.
A.creators B.advisors C.advocates D.judges
3.In paragraph 5 , the author mainly writes about.
A.the considerable influence of the two theories
B.differences between the blacks and whites
C.racial discrimination in the United States
D.different responds to intelligence tests
4.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
B.To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C.To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D.To present an argument in the field of social science.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
(B)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
69.Which of the following statements would the supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?
A.A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.
B.Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality.
C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.
D.The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.
70.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article____________.
A.supports the nature theory
B.supports the nurture theory
C.believes both are completely wrong
D.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.
71.In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.
B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.
C.Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.
D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time.
Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care more about.I know this from my personal experience.
E-mail makes it easy to work at home, where I now spend most weekends and evenings.My workinghours aren’t necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office.This let me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she’d been born before E-mail became such a practical tool.
The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends.Say you do something fun—see a great movie perhaps—and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it.If you call each one, you may be tired of telling the story.
With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends who you think might be interested.They can read your message when they have time, and read as much as they want to.They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.
E-mail is also an inexpensive way to stay in close touch with people who live far away.More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children at college.
We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch.They don’t take the place of any of the old ways.
1.The purpose of this passage is to ___________.
A.explain how to use the Internet.
B.share the writer’s joy of keeping up with the latest technology.
C.tell the usefulness of the Internet.
D.introduce the basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet.
2.The use of E-mail has made it possible for the writer to ____________.
A.spending less time working.
B.have more time to spend with his children.
C.work at home on all weekends.
D.work at a speed comfortable to him.
3.According to the writer, E-mail has no obvious advantage over the telephone because the former helps one_______________.
A.reach a group of people at one time conveniently.
B.keep his communication as personal as possible.
C.pass on much more information than the latter.
D.get in touch with his friends faster than the latter.
4.The best title for the passage is “__________________”.
A.Computer—New Technological Advances
B.Internet—New Tool to Maintain Good Friendship
C.Computer—Have Made Life Easier
D.Internet—a Convenient Tool for Communication
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time.
Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.
E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren’t necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she’d been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.
The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something fun or see a great movie, perhaps there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may get tired of telling the story.
With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.
E-mail is also an inexpensive way to stay in close touch with people who live far away. Quite a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.
We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don’t take the place of any of the old ways.
1.The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. explain how to use the Internet
B. describe the writer’s joy of keeping up with the latest technology
C. tell the merits(价值) and usefulness of the Internet
D. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet
2.The use of E-mail has made it possible for the writer to ________.
A. spend less time working
B. have more free time with his child
C. work at home on weekends
D. work at a speed comfortable to him
3.According to the writer, E-mail has an obvious advantage over the telephone because the former helps one ________.
A. reach a group of people at one time conveniently
B. keep one’s communication as personal as possible
C. pass on much more information than the later
D. get in touch with one’s friends faster than the later
4.The best title for this passage is ________.
A. Computer: New Technological Advances
B. Internet: New Tool to Maintain Good Friendship
C. Computers Have Made Life Easier
Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
—What a drive! I’m tired out.
—No wonder! You have been driving for such a long time ________ taking a break.
A. by B. without C. through D. in
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Summer is a busy time for travel. For years, people have wondered whether they are safe from viruses when they travel in small, enclosed areas. They worry about close contact with others who may be sick.
The current spread of a swine flu(猪流感) virus has added to these concerns. Recently, the World Health Organization raised its warning about the new H1N1 virus to its highest level. W.H.O. Director-General Margaret Chan declared the sickness a pandemic–a disease that has spread to many nations. Given this information, many people want to know how safe it is to travel?
The answers people are getting may seem conflicting. For example, a W.H.O. statement urged nations not to close their borders or limit trade and travel. Director-General Chan said cases are generally not that serious for most people. Still, W.H.O. officials continue to report new cases across the world.
In the past, the W.H.O. and experts noted guidance for disease spread on airplanes. The experts said you could get infected only if you sit within two rows of someone who is sick. That would be a distance of up to three meters from the sick person. And this was true only if you sat there for more than eight hours.
But a travel-health expert says this guidance may not be helpful for swine flu. He suggests steps that could help prevent getting swine flu on an airplane. His advice includes keeping the airflow over your seat on the “low” position. The doctor says you should point the equipment so the flow of air is just in front of your face.
Doctors say anyone with pain, swelling(肿胀) or red skin on a leg during or after a long trip may have a blood clot(凝块). Anyone with such signs should see a doctor as soon as possible. The condition many times can be treated with drugs that thin the blood and stop the clot from moving through the body.
68.The underlined word “conflicting” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. in disagreement B. not true C. the same D. unbelievable
69.According to Director-General Chan, the swine flu is ________.
A. a disease spread on airplanes B. a very dangerous disease
C. a disease requiring limit travel D. a widely spread disease
70.Which of the following is the travel-health expert’s opinion on traveling in an airplane?
A. It’s safe to sit within two rows of a sick person.
B. It’s helpful to keep air flowing right before your face.
C. It’s important for a passenger to stay in a plane within 8 hours.
D. It’s certain that a passenger will have a blood clot after a long flight.
71.What would be the best title for the text?
A. Stop Traveling in Case of Swine Flu B. Experts’ Arguments Over Swine Flu
C. Prevention of Swine Flu on the Trip D. No News Is the Best News
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Summer is a busy time for travel. For years, people have wondered whether they are safe from viruses when they travel in small, enclosed areas. They worry about close contact with others who may be sick.
The current spread of a swine flu(猪流感) virus has added to these concerns. Recently, the World Health Organization raised its warning about the new H1N1 virus to its highest level. W.H.O. Director-General Margaret Chan declared the sickness a pandemic–a disease that has spread to many nations. Given this information, many people want to know how safe it is to travel?
The answers people are getting may seem conflicting. For example, a W.H.O. statement urged nations not to close their borders or limit trade and travel. Director-General Chan said cases are generally not that serious for most people. Still, W.H.O. officials continue to report new cases across the world.
In the past, the W.H.O. and experts noted guidance for disease spread on airplanes. The experts said you could get infected only if you sit within two rows of someone who is sick. That would be a distance of up to three meters from the sick person. And this was true only if you sat there for more than eight hours.
But a travel-health expert says this guidance may not be helpful for swine flu. He suggests steps that could help prevent getting swine flu on an airplane. His advice includes keeping the airflow over your seat on the “low” position. The doctor says you should point the equipment so the flow of air is just in front of your face.
Doctors say anyone with pain, swelling(肿胀) or red skin on a leg during or after a long trip may have a blood clot(凝块). Anyone with such signs should see a doctor as soon as possible. The condition many times can be treated with drugs that thin the blood and stop the clot from moving through the body.
1.The underlined word “conflicting” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. in disagreement B. not true C. the same D. unbelievable
2.According to Director-General Chan, the swine flu is ________.
A. a disease spread on airplanes B. a very dangerous disease
C. a disease requiring limit travel D. a widely spread disease
3.Which of the following is the travel-health expert’s opinion on traveling in an airplane?
A. It’s safe to sit within two rows of a sick person.
B. It’s helpful to keep air flowing right before your face.
C. It’s important for a passenger to stay in a plane within 8 hours.
D. It’s certain that a passenger will have a blood clot after a long flight.
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A. Stop Traveling in Case of Swine Flu B. Experts’ Arguments Over Swine Flu
C. Prevention of Swine Flu on the Trip D. No News Is the Best News
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
读写任务
How many times have you heard the expression that most people spend more time planning their vacation than they do planning their lives. I would expand that expression by adding that most people spend more time "thinking" about their vacation than they do thinking about what's important in their life.
While rest and relaxation are a must in living a balanced life, it's now what we were created to do. After all, the Master Creator took his R&R (Rest and Recreation) on the seventh day, only after six days of "definitely directed thought."
Wallace D. Wattles, wrote "There is no labor from which most people shrink as they do from that of sustained and continuous thought; it is the hardest work in the world." And yet it is the first and primary labor of achievement.
What is your life's purpose or your personal mission statement? Is it written down? Do you review it and think about it often? Is your life organized around your purpose and a set of goals that support that purpose?
Without purpose and goals --- definitely directed thought --- you are like the proverbial "shop without a rudder(舵)." There is power in your purpose and in your goals. It is the power that takes you over obstacles, the fuel that pushes you toward the life you expect.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要;
2. 用约120词发表你的观点,内容包括:
(1) 你如何规划中学以后的人生?为什么?
(2) 为了实现你的目标,你将如何行动?
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文句子;
2. 作文中不能狐仙真是姓名和学校名称;
3. 不必写标题
【评分标准】
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
高三英语书面表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
Welcome to Shawnee Mountain, a great place for skiing! All people can have a wonderful time here. For more information, you can visit www.shawneemt.com or call 570-421-7231.
1.Two parents and their son aged 16 will pay ___for the lifts on Tuesday.
A. $118 B. $100 C. $136 D. $129
2.If a man aged 68 goes to the mountain, he should carry _____ with him.
A. his ID card B. his address
C. his phone number D.the active duty ID
3.It is known that people can go to Shawnee Mountain by lift___________.
A. with expensive tickets at night
B. from 8 am to 10 pm on Sundays
C. from Mid December to March
D. just from Monday to Friday
4.Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. There are 2 holiday periods during a winter.
B. The prices now are not the same as last year.
C. People over 70 are also welcome to be there.
D. People can go to the mountain in the afternoon.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析