Economists have studied how markets work for a long time.Generally,they work well.But markets do not always perform as expected.Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect,or inefficient,and what governments can do to regulate them.
The Nobel prize committee announced the $1.1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole.Itcalled Mr.Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”.The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas.But it said,“most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms.”
Mr.Tiro1e works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse,France.He is 61 years old.For about 30 years,Mr.Tirole has researched periods when markets failed,that is,when they did not provide good results in price and competition.He looked at how a small number of large companies,or even a single company,can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied.
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others· The committee said it chose Mr.Timle because he thought about how best to regulate markets.For example,Tore Ellingsen,Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize,says Mr·Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry.This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 2008—2009.
The economics Drize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alflred Nobel.Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize.It was first presented in 1969.
1.The passage tells us that Jean Tirole______________.
A.has studied the economics in Sweden
B.is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Economics
C.is highly praised by Chairman of the committee
D.has made regulations for large companies
2.We can learn from the passage that___________________.
A.Jean Tirole's research made the markets imperfect or inefficient
B.banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries
C.the world financial crisis of 2008—2009 regulated the markets
D.Alfred Nobel was unwilling to establish economics prize
3.The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can best be,replaced by_________.
A.harmful B.unbelievable
C.beneficial D.convincing
4.What is the article mainly about?
A.The 1ife of Jean Tirole.
B.The research of Jean Tirole.
C.The history of Nobel Prize in Economics.
D.Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Economists have studied how markets work for a long time.Generally,they work well.But markets do not always perform as expected.Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect,or inefficient,and what governments can do to regulate them.
The Nobel prize committee announced the $1.1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole.Itcalled Mr.Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”.The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas.But it said,“most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms.”
Mr.Tiro1e works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse,France.He is 61 years old.For about 30 years,Mr.Tirole has researched periods when markets failed,that is,when they did not provide good results in price and competition.He looked at how a small number of large companies,or even a single company,can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied.
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others· The committee said it chose Mr.Timle because he thought about how best to regulate markets.For example,Tore Ellingsen,Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize,says Mr·Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry.This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 2008—2009.
The economics Drize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alflred Nobel.Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize.It was first presented in 1969.
1.The passage tells us that Jean Tirole______________.
A.has studied the economics in Sweden
B.is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Economics
C.is highly praised by Chairman of the committee
D.has made regulations for large companies
2.We can learn from the passage that___________________.
A.Jean Tirole's research made the markets imperfect or inefficient
B.banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries
C.the world financial crisis of 2008—2009 regulated the markets
D.Alfred Nobel was unwilling to establish economics prize
3.The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can best be,replaced by_________.
A.harmful B.unbelievable
C.beneficial D.convincing
4.What is the article mainly about?
A.The 1ife of Jean Tirole.
B.The research of Jean Tirole.
C.The history of Nobel Prize in Economics.
D.Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Economists have studied how markets work for a long time.Generally,they work well.But markets do not always perform as expected.Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect,or inefficient,and what governments can do to regulate them.
The Nobel prize committee announced the $1.1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole.It called Mr.Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”.The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas.But it said,“most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms.”
Mr.Tiro1e works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse,France.He is 61 years old.For about 30 years,Mr.Tirole has researched periods when markets failed,that is,when they did not provide good results in price and competition.He looked at how a small number of large companies,or even a single company,can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied.
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others· The committee said it chose Mr.Timle because he thought about how best to regulate markets.For example,Tore Ellingsen,Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize,says Mr·Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry.This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 2008—2009.
The economics Drize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alflred Nobel.Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize.It was first presented in 1969.
1.The passage tells us that Jean Tirole______________.
A.has studied the economics in Sweden
B.is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Economics
C.is highly praised by Chairman of the committee
D.has made regulations for large companies
2.We can learn from the passage that___________________.
A.Jean Tirole's research made the markets imperfect or inefficient
B.banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries
C.the world financial crisis of 2008—2009 regulated the markets
D.Alfred Nobel was unwilling to establish economics prize
3.The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can best be,replaced by_________.
A.harmful B.unbelievable
C.beneficial D.convincing
4.What is the article mainly about?
A.The 1ife of Jean Tirole.
B.The research of Jean Tirole.
C.The history of Nobel Prize in Economics.
D.Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have been studying how people use money for long. Now they’re finding some theories may apply to one group of monkeys.
Researchers recently taught six monkeys how to use money. They gave the monkeys small metal disks(圆片) that could be used like cash and showed them some yummy apple pieces. The monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they d receive a piece of apple in return.
If you think that is all the monkeys can figure out, you are wrong. Two researchers, Jake and Allison, acted as apple sellers in the experiments. The monkeys were tested one at a time and had 12 disks to spend in each experiment. Jake always showed the monkeys one apple piece, while Allison always showed two pieces. But that’s not necessarily what they gave the monkeys. The number of apple pieces given for a disk was determined at random.
Experiment One: Allison showed two pieces of apples but gave both pieces only half the time. The other half, she took one piece away and gave the monkey just the remaining piece. Jake, on the other hand, always gave exactly what he showed: one piece for each disk. The monkeys chose to trade more with Allison.
Experiment Two: Allison continued to sometimes gave two pieces and sometimes one piece. But now, half the time, Jake gave the one apple piece he was showing, and half the time he added a bonus. Guess what? The monkeys chose to trade more with Jake.
In the first experiment, the monkeys correctly figured out that if they traded with Allison, they’d end up with more treats. In the second one, when a monkey received two pieces from Jake, it seemed like again. When Allison gave the monkey only one piece instead of the two she showed, it seemed like a loss. The monkeys preferred trading with Jake because they’d rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.
We also sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we’re getting less, even when were not. Would you have made the same choices?
1.What conclusion might experts draw from the first experiment?
A. The monkeys show certain business sense.
B. Business theories can apply to all monkeys.
C. People are smarter in terms of finance.
D. It’s easy to teach monkeys how to trade.
2.What does a bonus in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A metal disk.
B. An apple piece.
C. A chance.
D. A coin.
3.Why did the monkeys choose to trade more with Jake in the second experiment?
A. Because Jake always gave them two apple pieces.
B. Because the apple pieces from Jake were yummy.
C. Because they didn’t like the feeling of losing.
D. Because they get more apple pieces from Jake.
4.What could be the best title for the passage?
A. People’s Business Decision: Lose or Gain?
B. Moneky’s Business Sense: Smart or Silly?
C. Shopping for Bargain: Same or different?
D. Disk for Apple: Who to Trade with?
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Having concentrated for a long time he ____ his work, made some coffee and talked with his colleagues.
A. put on B. put aside C. put off D. put back
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
It's hair-raising news for criminals on the run. Scientists behind a new study have worked out how to identify individuals only based on the proteins(蛋白质) in a single piece of their hair.
While the police already look at DNA from hair as part of investigations, the technique is far from ideal: DNA is easily changeable, meaning it can only be analyzed within a certain time period after the crime. But the new technique could even be used to solve historical or archaeological cases, making it far superior to DNA arrangement in many ways.
DNA change depends on several environmental factors including temperature, humidity and PH. It is also affected by the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms. In contrast, actual hairs can survive for a long time-----sometimes centuries. After bones and teeth, hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.
In order to understand how the protein can be used to identify individuals, it is important to understand proteins are coded by DNA. This means that a certain level of the genetic variation that we see in different people's DNA passes into their proteins. In fact, genetic information in the DNA is translated into chains that make up proteins.
The method not only allows for human identification but it can also show how old the sample is and what region it comes from, so that we can distinguish between current and ancient samples. But while the discovery is exciting, the technique is not quite polished enough to be used in the court room. The main task now will be to analyze hair samples from all over the world, which will make it a lot more reliable.
The new discovery will promote the significance of hair as evidence in courts, at a time when some forensic(司法鉴定的) disciplines have been criticized in the US. It will also be of great use in archaeology.
1.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. DNA evidence is far from ideal.
B. Criminals on the run get hair-raising news.
C. Scientists are planning a test of human hair.
D. Humans can be identified by proteins in hair.
2.Which evidence is more reliable for the police to identify a criminal?
A. Lost teeth B. The footprint.
C. Personal belongings D. Damaged DNA.
3.In what way is the new technique superior to DNA test?
A. Serving as evidence in courts.
B. Possessing genetic information.
C. Inferring the height of a person.
D. Distinguishing the region of a person.
4.What will scientists do in the following few years?
A. Test hair samples worldwide. B. Legalize the hair evidence.
C. Apply protein-test to archaeology. D. Map the structure of DNA.
5.Who will welcome the discovery?
A. Criminals. B. Employers.
C. Hairdressers. D. Archaeologists.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It's hair-raising news for criminals on the run. Scientists behind a new study have worked out how to identify individuals only based on the proteins(蛋白质) in a single strand of their hair.
While the police already look at DNA from hair as part of investigations, the technique is far from ideal: DNA is easily degradable, meaning it can only be analyzed within a certain time period after the crime. But the new technique could even be used to solve historical or archaeological cases, making it far superior to DNA sequencing in many ways.
DNA degradation depends on several environmental factors including temperature, humidity and PH. It is also affected by the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms. In contrast, actual hairs can survive for a long time-----sometimes centuries. After bones and teeth, hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.
In order to understand how the protein can be used to identify individuals, it is important to understand mat proteins are coded by DNA. This means that a certain level of the genetic variation that we see in different people's DNA passes into their proteins. In fact, genetic information in the DNA is translated into amino-acid chains that make up proteins.
The method not only allows for human identification but it can also reveal how old the sample is and what region it comes from, so that we can distinguish between current and ancient samples. But while the discovery is exciting, the technique is not quite polished enough to be used in the court room. The main task now will be to analyze hair samples from all over the world, which will make it a lot more reliable.
The new discovery will boost the significance of hair as evidence in courts, at a time when some forensic(司法鉴定的) disciplines have been criticized in the US. It will also be of great use in archaeology.
1.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. DNA evidence is far from ideal.
B. Criminals on the run get hair-raising news.
C. Scientists are planning a test of human hair.
D. Humans can be identified by proteins in hair.
2.Which evidence is more reliable for the police to identify a criminal?
A. Lost teeth. B. The footprint.
C. Personal belongings. D. Damaged DNA.
3.In what way is the new technique superior to DNA test?
A. Serving as evidence in courts.
B. Possessing genetic information.
C. Inferring the height of a person.
D. Distinguishing the region of a person.
4.What will scientists do in the following few years?
A. Test hair samples worldwide. B. Legalize the hair evidence.
C. Apply protein-test to archaeology. D. Map the structure of DNA.
5.Who will welcome the discovery?
A. Criminals. B. Employers.
C. Hairdressers. D. Archaeologists.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
How time flies! You 1. (study) in Beijing for nearly a month, during which you must have achieved a lot. Well, how’s everything going? It is reported that the weather there is very hot and dry these days, which is very different 2. that of your country. Have you adapted to it? In addition, you once complained that the food 3. (serve) there was not 4. your taste. I hope that should have been improved.
I am glad to tell you that I will go to Beijing to take part in an English speech contest in July, 5.is not only an honor, but also a great opportunity for me to improve 6. . And now I try my best to make 7. (prepare) for it. 8. , I have some trouble in collecting the materials relevant and using the language. I will appreciate 9. if you give me a hand to solve the problems.
After the contest, I want 10. go toyour school to visit you.
Please wait for my phone.
Yours, Li Hua
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
-How long ________inBeijing?
-For just the weekend. I'II be back for work next Monday.
A. have you stayed B. do you stay C. did you stay D.are you staying
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb./ sth. to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result ,they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
1.The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem .
A. why our personalities and behaviors differ
B. what makes different stages of intelligence
C. how social scientists form different theories
D. what causes the “nature/ nurture” argument
2.The underlined word “proponents” can best be replaced by .
A. approaches B. advocates
C. principles D. characters
3.Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school?
A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors.
D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature and nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching.In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some “anature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites.Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1.This passage is mainly concerned with________.
A.relation between personality and behavior
B.relation between behavior and environment
C.different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D.different theories of the formation of human behavior
2.The underlined word " proponents'' in paragraph 2 means________.
A.creators B.advisors C.advocates D.judges
3.In paragraph 5 , the author mainly writes about.
A.the considerable influence of the two theories
B.differences between the blacks and whites
C.racial discrimination in the United States
D.different responds to intelligence tests
4.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
B.To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C.To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D.To present an argument in the field of social science.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析