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Scientists have been studying how people use money for long. Now they’re finding some theories may apply to one group of monkeys.
Researchers recently taught six monkeys how to use money. They gave the monkeys small metal disks(圆片) that could be used like cash and showed them some yummy apple pieces. The monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they d receive a piece of apple in return.
If you think that is all the monkeys can figure out, you are wrong. Two researchers, Jake and Allison, acted as apple sellers in the experiments. The monkeys were tested one at a time and had 12 disks to spend in each experiment. Jake always showed the monkeys one apple piece, while Allison always showed two pieces. But that’s not necessarily what they gave the monkeys. The number of apple pieces given for a disk was determined at random.
Experiment One: Allison showed two pieces of apples but gave both pieces only half the time. The other half, she took one piece away and gave the monkey just the remaining piece. Jake, on the other hand, always gave exactly what he showed: one piece for each disk. The monkeys chose to trade more with Allison.
Experiment Two: Allison continued to sometimes gave two pieces and sometimes one piece. But now, half the time, Jake gave the one apple piece he was showing, and half the time he added a bonus. Guess what? The monkeys chose to trade more with Jake.
In the first experiment, the monkeys correctly figured out that if they traded with Allison, they’d end up with more treats. In the second one, when a monkey received two pieces from Jake, it seemed like again. When Allison gave the monkey only one piece instead of the two she showed, it seemed like a loss. The monkeys preferred trading with Jake because they’d rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.
We also sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we’re getting less, even when were not. Would you have made the same choices?
1.What conclusion might experts draw from the first experiment?
A. The monkeys show certain business sense.
B. Business theories can apply to all monkeys.
C. People are smarter in terms of finance.
D. It’s easy to teach monkeys how to trade.
2.What does a bonus in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A metal disk.
B. An apple piece.
C. A chance.
D. A coin.
3.Why did the monkeys choose to trade more with Jake in the second experiment?
A. Because Jake always gave them two apple pieces.
B. Because the apple pieces from Jake were yummy.
C. Because they didn’t like the feeling of losing.
D. Because they get more apple pieces from Jake.
4.What could be the best title for the passage?
A. People’s Business Decision: Lose or Gain?
B. Moneky’s Business Sense: Smart or Silly?
C. Shopping for Bargain: Same or different?
D. Disk for Apple: Who to Trade with?
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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In an effort to discourage people from using plastics，scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products．From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat，a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go，or having a relaxing picnic in the park．
The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years．Recently，Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled．As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down，though they would be perfectly safe to eat．Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones．The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future．Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons．After the success of his spoons, Mr Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu．His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste，which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world．It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down，and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it．
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment，this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy．Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home，possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends．Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?
1.Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?
A. To make people’s life more convenient．
B. To reduce the amount of plastic waste．
C. To charge the way we picnic outside．
D. To show off their inventive talents．
2.What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco-friendly?
A. They can be made at home．
B. They are cheap to produce and buy．
C. They will hold their shape when they are filled．
D. They will break down themselves when empty．
3.What do Ari and Narayana’s inventions have in common?
A. They are convenient to carry． B. They are safe to eat．
C. They can be used for a short time． D. They are heavier than plastics．
4.What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular．
B. Eatable cutlery’will completely replace plastics in the near future．
C. No recycling companies can breakdown plastic waste．
D. It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home．
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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Scientists are making new studies of color and its effects on our health. They have known for a long time that the color of a room or the color of the light in it can affect our feelings and emotions. Many prisons and hospitals have at least one room that is painted pink. Officials have found that light and color can produce physical changes in our bodies.
Professor Falfan worked with a group of 9 disabled children at school in Albert. Two of the children were blind. The other seven had normal sight. The scientists changed the color of the school room, and then looked for changes in blood pressure, heart beat and breathing rate. The effects of color changes were the same for the blind children as for those with normal sight. Their blood pressure dropped from about 120 to 100. Similar changes were reported in heart-beat and the breathing. The children were also calmer and less excited. Then the colors of the room were returned to orange and white. Blood pressure, heart-beat and breathing rate went up and the children became excited again.
Professor Falfan said different colors produce different levels of light energy. He said the differences seem to affect chemicals in the brain that carry messages from nerve to nerve and from nerve to muscle.
1. Light and color can affect .
A. only one’s feelings and emotions
B. one’s energy
C. one’s mental changes
D. one’s heart-beat, brain activities, blood pressure, feelings and emotions
2. The color of pink had a calming effect, that is to say, the color affects .
A. the chemicals in the brain
B. the eyes
C. the skin
D. the muscle
3.According to the text, orange and white are colors which can make people .
A. calm B. active C. sick D. blind
13. The colors in the school room mentioned in the passage were changed from .
A. orange to white
B. orange to dark blue
C. orange and white to pink or some other colors
D. gray to more colors
4. After reading the passage we can conclude that .
A. blind people can be affected by colors, too
B. one’s heart will beat faster in a colorful room than in a white room
C. the chemicals in the brain change with feelings and emotions
D. if one’s blood pressure drops, his breathing will get slower and slower
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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It's hair-raising news for criminals on the run. Scientists behind a new study have worked out how to identify individuals only based on the proteins(蛋白质) in a single piece of their hair.
While the police already look at DNA from hair as part of investigations, the technique is far from ideal: DNA is easily changeable, meaning it can only be analyzed within a certain time period after the crime. But the new technique could even be used to solve historical or archaeological cases, making it far superior to DNA arrangement in many ways.
DNA change depends on several environmental factors including temperature, humidity and PH. It is also affected by the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms. In contrast, actual hairs can survive for a long time-----sometimes centuries. After bones and teeth, hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.
In order to understand how the protein can be used to identify individuals, it is important to understand proteins are coded by DNA. This means that a certain level of the genetic variation that we see in different people's DNA passes into their proteins. In fact, genetic information in the DNA is translated into chains that make up proteins.
The method not only allows for human identification but it can also show how old the sample is and what region it comes from, so that we can distinguish between current and ancient samples. But while the discovery is exciting, the technique is not quite polished enough to be used in the court room. The main task now will be to analyze hair samples from all over the world, which will make it a lot more reliable.
The new discovery will promote the significance of hair as evidence in courts, at a time when some forensic(司法鉴定的) disciplines have been criticized in the US. It will also be of great use in archaeology.
1.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. DNA evidence is far from ideal.
B. Criminals on the run get hair-raising news.
C. Scientists are planning a test of human hair.
D. Humans can be identified by proteins in hair.
2.Which evidence is more reliable for the police to identify a criminal?
A. Lost teeth B. The footprint.
C. Personal belongings D. Damaged DNA.
3.In what way is the new technique superior to DNA test?
A. Serving as evidence in courts.
B. Possessing genetic information.
C. Inferring the height of a person.
D. Distinguishing the region of a person.
4.What will scientists do in the following few years?
A. Test hair samples worldwide. B. Legalize the hair evidence.
C. Apply protein-test to archaeology. D. Map the structure of DNA.
5.Who will welcome the discovery?
A. Criminals. B. Employers.
C. Hairdressers. D. Archaeologists.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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It's hair-raising news for criminals on the run. Scientists behind a new study have worked out how to identify individuals only based on the proteins(蛋白质) in a single strand of their hair.
While the police already look at DNA from hair as part of investigations, the technique is far from ideal: DNA is easily degradable, meaning it can only be analyzed within a certain time period after the crime. But the new technique could even be used to solve historical or archaeological cases, making it far superior to DNA sequencing in many ways.
DNA degradation depends on several environmental factors including temperature, humidity and PH. It is also affected by the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms. In contrast, actual hairs can survive for a long time-----sometimes centuries. After bones and teeth, hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.
In order to understand how the protein can be used to identify individuals, it is important to understand mat proteins are coded by DNA. This means that a certain level of the genetic variation that we see in different people's DNA passes into their proteins. In fact, genetic information in the DNA is translated into amino-acid chains that make up proteins.
The method not only allows for human identification but it can also reveal how old the sample is and what region it comes from, so that we can distinguish between current and ancient samples. But while the discovery is exciting, the technique is not quite polished enough to be used in the court room. The main task now will be to analyze hair samples from all over the world, which will make it a lot more reliable.
The new discovery will boost the significance of hair as evidence in courts, at a time when some forensic(司法鉴定的) disciplines have been criticized in the US. It will also be of great use in archaeology.
1.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. DNA evidence is far from ideal.
B. Criminals on the run get hair-raising news.
C. Scientists are planning a test of human hair.
D. Humans can be identified by proteins in hair.
2.Which evidence is more reliable for the police to identify a criminal?
A. Lost teeth. B. The footprint.
C. Personal belongings. D. Damaged DNA.
3.In what way is the new technique superior to DNA test?
A. Serving as evidence in courts.
B. Possessing genetic information.
C. Inferring the height of a person.
D. Distinguishing the region of a person.
4.What will scientists do in the following few years?
A. Test hair samples worldwide. B. Legalize the hair evidence.
C. Apply protein-test to archaeology. D. Map the structure of DNA.
5.Who will welcome the discovery?
A. Criminals. B. Employers.
C. Hairdressers. D. Archaeologists.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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—How long have you been studying in No. 8 Middle School?
—More than two years.
—So it will be less than one year you graduate from it.
A．when B．before C．after D．since
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Economists have studied how markets work for a long time．Generally，they work well．But markets do not always perform as expected．Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect，or inefficient，and what governments can do to regulate them．
The Nobel prize committee announced the $1．1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole．Itcalled Mr．Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”．The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas．But it said，“most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms．”
Mr．Tiro1e works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse，France．He is 61 years old．For about 30 years，Mr．Tirole has researched periods when markets failed，that is，when they did not provide good results in price and competition．He looked at how a small number of large companies，or even a single company，can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied．
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others· The committee said it chose Mr．Timle because he thought about how best to regulate markets．For example，Tore Ellingsen，Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize，says Mr·Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry．This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 2008—2009．
The economics Drize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alflred Nobel．Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize．It was first presented in 1969．
1.The passage tells us that Jean Tirole______________.
A．has studied the economics in Sweden
B．is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Economics
C．is highly praised by Chairman of the committee
D．has made regulations for large companies
2.We can learn from the passage that___________________.
A．Jean Tirole's research made the markets imperfect or inefficient
B．banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries
C．the world financial crisis of 2008—2009 regulated the markets
D．Alfred Nobel was unwilling to establish economics prize
3.The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can best be，replaced by_________.
A．harmful B．unbelievable
C．beneficial D．convincing
4.What is the article mainly about?
A．The 1ife of Jean Tirole．
B．The research of Jean Tirole．
C．The history of Nobel Prize in Economics．
D．Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Economists have studied how markets work for a long time．Generally，they work well．But markets do not always perform as expected．Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect，or inefficient，and what governments can do to regulate them．
The Nobel prize committee announced the $1．1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole．It called Mr.Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”．The organization said he had done important research in a number of areas．But it said，“most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms．”
Mr．Tiro1e works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse，France．He is 61 years old．For about 30 years，Mr．Tirole has researched periods when markets failed，that is，when they did not provide good results in price and competition．He looked at how a small number of large companies，or even a single company，can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied．
The Nobel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others· The committee said it chose Mr．Timle because he thought about how best to regulate markets．For example，Tore Ellingsen，Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize，says Mr·Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry．This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 2008—2009．
The economics Drize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alflred Nobel．Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize．It was first presented in 1969．
1.The passage tells us that Jean Tirole______________.
A．has studied the economics in Sweden
B．is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Economics
C．is highly praised by Chairman of the committee
D．has made regulations for large companies
2.We can learn from the passage that___________________.
A．Jean Tirole's research made the markets imperfect or inefficient
B．banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries
C．the world financial crisis of 2008—2009 regulated the markets
D．Alfred Nobel was unwilling to establish economics prize
3.The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can best be，replaced by_________.
A．harmful B．unbelievable
C．beneficial D．convincing
4.What is the article mainly about?
A．The 1ife of Jean Tirole．
B．The research of Jean Tirole．
C．The history of Nobel Prize in Economics．
D．Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.How long have the two speakers been married?
A. For five years. B. For twelve years.
C. For eight years.
2.Where will the two speakers probably go first?
A. To the restaurant. B. To the bank.
C. To the party.
3.What can we learn from the conversation?
A. They got married on 12th of April.
B. The man was too busy to remember their wedding anniversary.
C. They will ask some friends over for a celebration.
高三英语长对话简单题查看答案及解析
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For as long as I can remember, I have been very bad at arguing with people. As soon as someone disagrees with me, I get angry because I feel attacked, like the other person is out to show that I am wrong. And for some reason, I hate being wrong! So my immediate reaction is to get very defensive, I raise my voice, and I end up saying something I later regret. Needless to say, the whole thing ends with me beating myself up, and the other person feeling alienated (疏远) from me. This bothers me especially because my mother does the exact same thing and I hate it!
I have noticed this tendency in me for a long time now, but I have never been able to stop. I did some anger management work with a therapist (治疗专家) a while ago, but because I moved and turned to an advisor at school who cannot see me regularly, I have not been able to continue this important work. They tell you to stop and count to 10, control your breathing, calm yourself down before you talk. But that's the whole problem, I could never think of stopping myself until it was too late! The hurtful things had already come out of my mouth, and I was stuck picking up the pieces.
Right now the problem is urgent because my relationship with a wonderful boyfriend is in danger because of my insecurity and hatred of being wrong. He is closing himself off to me because I have hurt him, and no doubt I am no longer attractive as a woman with no confidence in herself and a bad temper. How do I stop ruining my relationships and hating myself? How do I stop hating being wrong?
67. In what situation will the writer get angry easily?
A. When she has argument with people.
B. When people disagree with her.
C. When she is attacked.
D. When she does something wrong.
68. What does the underlined part in the first paragraph mean?
A. My mother disagrees with me.
B. My mother alienates herself from me.
C. My mother has the same problem with me.
D. My mother does the same wrong to me.
69. In the second paragraph, what does the underlined word "tendency" refer to?
A. Being bad at arguing with people.
B. Hating being wrong.
C. Being lost to others.
D. Hating my mother.
70. We can infer from the third paragraph that
A. the writer feels helpless with her problem
B. the writer finds it hard to count from one to ten
C. the writer has received effective advice about her problem
D. the writer is under the treatment of a therapist
71. What did the writer imply in the last paragraph?
A. She is closing herself off to her boyfriend.
B. She is much hurt by her boyfriend.
C. Her boyfriend has broken up with her.
D. She has to solve her problem in no time.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析