Facebook has released new research findings s...

Facebook has released new research findings suggesting social media can harm mental health when used in certain ways.

Facebook’s director of research, David Ginsberg, wrote the report along with social psychologist Moira Burke. The research suggested that social media users who spent a lot of time only reading information - but not interacting with others — reported feeling worse afterward. Users who had interaction during the experience reported having better feelings. It said it is not just social media use that can affect a person’s well-being. Rather, it believes both good and bad effects can result from how the service is used.

A study by Carnegie Mellon University suggested positive results for increased interaction. It found people who sent or received more messages and comments reported better improvements in social support, depression and loneliness. Facebook said these improvements were even greater when the interactions took place with close friends and family.

Facebook’s founding president Sean Parker - who no longer has ties to the company - accused the social media service of using methods that “exploit human psychology”. This development model, Parker claims, created an addictive system to keep people on Facebook for long periods to seek “likes” and comments from others to make them feel good.

Former Facebook executive Chamath Palihapitiya said the problems are being fueled by the basic need of people to seek ongoing feedback from others, leading to the pleasure chemical dopamine （多巴胺）being released in the brain, he added.

Cal Newport is a professor of computer science at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. He urges everyone to consider quitting social media - like he has - and he provides steps for helping people do this.

1.What does the Facebook research tell us?

A.Social media always make people feel bad.

B.People spend too much time on social media.

C.More interaction in social media makes people feel better.

D.Social media users spend more time reading than interacting.

2.Why is the study by Carnegie Mellon University mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A.To introduce a different study result.

B.To compare different research findings.

C.To expose links between the two studies.

D.To support the Facebook research finding.

3.What’s Sean Parker’s present attitude toward social media?

A.Objective. B.Critical. C.Enthusiastic. D.Uninterested.

4.With his words, Chamath Palihapitiya explained ________.

A.why people become addicted to social media

B.how Facebook was first founded

C.why Parker gave up his company

D.what’s the future of social media

5.What do you think will follow the end of this text?

A.The process of his research on social media’s effects.

B.Newport’s suggested tips to help people quit social media.

C.Why Newport urges everyone to consider quitting social media.

D.Newport’s unpleasant experiences with social media like Facebook.

高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析

Your friends' lives may look more exciting than yours on Facebook，but new research shows that is because they are faking(伪造)it.

A recent survey has found around two­thirds of people on social media post images(图像) to their personal information to make their lives seem more adventurous.And more than three quarters of those asked said they judged their peers(同龄人)based on what they saw on their Instagram，Snapchat or Facebook pages.

The British survey，by smartphone maker HTC，found that，in order to make our own pages and lives appear more exciting，six percent also said they had borrowed items to include in the images in order to pass them off as their own. More than half of those surveyed said they posted images of items and places purely to show off，causing_jealousy among friends and family.

Behavioural psychologist Hemmings said the trend was unsurprising due to the rise of social media.“We're living in a world of instant communication.”she said.“Fashion and style used to live and die in magazines；now people are in search of authentic （真实的），peer­to­peer recommendations as well，making social media an equal power house to magazines and newspapers.”

“With images being shared in an instant we desire to know what our friends are wearing，or what super stars are buying, as soon as they have got them.” Such is the influence of social media sites like Instagram,76 percent of those asked also said seeing items on social media influences them to buy them，with men more likely to take style advice and buy what they see.

1.How do some people make their lives appear more exciting?

A. By buying pictures.

B.　 By posting images.

C.　 By making up stories.

D.　 By risking their lives.

2.What does the word “jealousy” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Envy. 　　　 B．Conflict.　　　　 C．Adventure. D．Misunderstanding.

3.What can we learn from Jo Hemmings?

A．The trend reflects the development of social media.

B．Fashion and style no longer exist in magazines.

C．Magazines and newspapers are less important.

D．The trend is beyond people's expectation.

4.Which of the following best describes social media like Instagram?

A．Persuasive. B．Creative. 　　 C．Positive. 　　 D．Honest.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.

The evidence suggests that megaliths, prehistoric large stone structures, sometimes acted as graves for family groups in northwestern Europe thousands of years ago. The latest findings throw new light on the origins and social structure of the groups that built megaliths in this region—a history that has long been hidden in mystery.

For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes—the complete set of genetic material in a cell—of 24 Stone Age individuals from five megalithic burial sites in Ireland, Scotland and Gotland, a large Swedish island in the Baltic Sea.

This analysis showed that many of the individuals buried at each megalith, who all lived between　 3,800 B.C. and 2,600 B.C.,　 according　 to　 radiocarbon-dating　 of　 their　 remains,　 were closely related via family ties.

The results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neolithic farmers in northern and western Europe but genetically distinct from other hunter-gatherers. This was particularly noticeable at the Ansarve site on the island of Gotland.

“The people buried in the Ansarve tomb are remarkably different on a genetic level compared to the individuals dug out from hunter-gather contexts, showing that the burial tradition in this megalithic tomb, which lasted for over 700 years, was performed by distinct groups with roots in the European Neolithic expansion,” Magdalena Fraser, co-first author from Uppsala University, said in the statement.

1.What’s the significance of the new findings?

A.It reveals the family ties between people in Ireland and Sweden.

B.It implies that many people buried in the tombs were closely related.

C.It indicates the long-hidden mystery concerning DNA analysis.

D.It suggests that the megaliths became tombs thousands of years ago.

2.How did the researchers reach their findings?

A.By interviewing individuals. B.By travelling to different regions.

C.By analyzing genes. D.By studying the burial sites.

3.Which is true according to the latest findings?

A.Some people buried in the tombs were related to farmers.

B.Few people buried in the tombs were genetically different.

C.All the people buried at megaliths had family relationships.

D.People buried in the Ansarve tomb were dug out 700 years later.

4.What’s the main idea of this passage?

A.Megaliths served as tombs thousands of years ago.

B.People buried at the megaliths were recently analyzed.

C.Latest findings shed light on a mystery about burials.

D.Stone-Age people in Ireland and Sweden had close ties.

高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析

Social media are a powerful tool, and the go-green movement is becoming popular in the social media world. A new Facebook app is exercising this power to help people get back to work or even land their dream job.1.

With an unemployment rate of 9.7 percent in January 2010,there were nearly 15 million Americans out of work of whom 6.3 million had been jobless for 27 or more weeks. It is likely that these people have used the most traditional methods to find a job. 2.As you can see, the name of the app is Hire My Friend, not Hire Me3.One of the most important parts of getting a job is who you know. Reach out to your network of friends and you will find more opportunities than applying for a job in a newspaper advertisement. As a writer, I know that networking is the key to opening doors and getting new opportunities.

When you place the Hire My Friend app on your Facebook page, you can present your friend's job-related facts and then this information is shown through a live feed post(实时发布).4.In addition to the app itself, the Hire My Friend Facebook page has lots of useful resources for those who want to find a job. One tab(标签) has the latest jobs that are being posted on Twitter, another powerful social media tool.5.The developer of the app encourages people never to give up. If you know of someone who is out of work, I encourage you to try the Hire My Friend app.

A.That is Hire My Friend.

B.Therefore, it is designed for you to help a friend get a job.

C.But now it's time to get creative and Hire My Friend can help people do that.

D.Besides, many other job searching apps provide useful information for the jobless.

E.Then your entire network of Facebook friends can see what your friend has to offer.

F.Social media enable people to communicate with each other by sharing information online.

G.Another tab has a list of job searching blogs and major job search sites for the jobless.

高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

Plants have family values, too; it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together.

An ability to tell family from strangers is well known in animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe.

Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin.

This suggests that plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions.

“Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life，” Dudley said.

The study found plants from the same species of beach­-dwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less competitive when they shared soil with their families.

Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal(母系的) family, the study found.

This is an example of kin selection, a behavior common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said.

Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. “Everywhere you look, plants are growing right up next to other plants，” Dudley said，“ Usually it’s a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor is also not being competitive.”

Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isn’t an option for plants, she noted.

Some researchers speculate(猜测) that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.

1.What’s the main idea of the message?

A．Studies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives.

B．Kin selection is important for plants.

C．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.

D．Competition asks plants to recognize their relatives.

2.Which of the following is NOT right about animals’ social skill?

A．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.

B．Animals’ social skill is to cooperate and share resources.

C．Animals’ social skill can recognize close relatives in order to work together.

D．Animals’ social skill is no use at all.

3.Plants’ kin selection is to ________.

A．grow well                             B．compete with other kinds of plants

C．strengthen the relationship among siblings    D．find which one is the best

4.From the passage，we learn that ________.

A．sea rocket is a South American species

B．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors

C．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside its siblings

D．sea rocket is a kind of bush without flowers

5.How can the plants communicate with each other according to experts’ suppose?

A．Plants communicate by using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.

B．Plants communicate with each other through their roots.

C．Plants communicate with each other by their leaves.

D．Plants communicate with each other with their flowers.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A new research, presented on Monday, suggests that parents who go down slides with their kids are actually making slides even riskier for their little ones.

Led by Dr. Charles Jennissen, a professor at the University of Iowa, the research found that placing children (especially infants and toddlers蹒跚学步的小孩) on adult laps increases the risk of injury to their lower legs, including broken bones.

"I've seen a lot of these injuries all through my career, and I hadn't seen anybody talk about this problem," says Jennissen.

So Jennissen and his colleagues found that about 350,000 children under the age of six were injured on slides in the U.S. from 2002 to 2015. Injuries were most common among kids from 12-23 months of age, and the most common injury was lower leg fractures (骨折).

The researchers found that 94 percent of 600 cases include lower leg injuries. This is important, because that's not how a kid falling off a slide alone would usually get hurt. The fact that so many kids are getting lower leg injuries—and that those injuries seem to get less common as kids get older—suggests something else is at play.

Jennissen thinks that when children are sliding alone, they aren’t going fast enough or carrying enough body weight to hurt themselves. When they’re sitting on an adult’s lap and their foot gets caught, they have the added momentum of an adult body.

"We think a lot of these lower extremity injuries are because they're on the lap," says Jennissen. "We don't know that for sure, because no parents say that. But from my experience, and the data that suggests it, we think almost all of these are kids are on the lap."

Jennissen isn’t arguing that you should never go down the slide with your kid—he agrees that it’s fun and that he’s done it with his own kids—but he thinks adults should realize the risks.

1.What can we learn about the research from the passage?

A.Many parents are hurt when going down slides with their kids.

B.Dr. Charles Jennissen is the leader of the research team.

C.More and more adult laps are found hurt in the accidents.

D.Many people have discussed the possible reasons for the injuries.

2.The underlined phrase at play in Para.5 probably means _____.

A.taking effect B.paying attention C.making efforts D.solving problems

3.What is Jennissen’s attitude towards parents’ going down slides with kids?

A.He supports it. B.He is against it.

C.He is careful about it. D.He doesn’t care about it.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Children are quick to ask “why” and “how’’ when it comes to new things, but research suggests that they learn more when teachers turn the questions back on them. “When children explain events, they learn more than when just getting the results,’’ said Cristine H. Legare, a professor at the University of Texas.

Ms. Legare brought in 96 children aged 3 to 5 and set before them a complex toy made up of colorful, interlocking gears (齿轮). With the first group, the researchers asked, “Can you explain this to me?” With the second one, they said, “Look, isn’t this interesting?’’

The two groups of children focused on different things, researchers found. Children who were asked to observe noticed the colors of the toy, while those asked to explain focused on the chain of gears working on each other.

Children who had explained the toy were better at re-creating it and not being disturbed by decorative gears, and they were better able to use what they had learned who had observed the toy outperformed the children in the explanation group on a memory task focused on the toy’s colors.

Dedre Gentner, the director of the cognitive science program at Northwestern University, said that teachers introducing a concept can improve students’ understanding　 by　 giving examples of close comparisons,　 and then asking children to explain how concepts are related.

In a series of experiments with 3-to 7-year-olds, she focus children can be con be confused by comparisons that focus on a relationship rather than a direct-object match.

For example, a 3-year-old shown a picture of two rabbits facing each other and told “this is a toma ’’ and then asked to find another “tome” will choose a picture of a rabbit over one of two cats facing each other 98 percent of the time. A 7-year-old is more likely to recognize the more abstract comparison of a relationship.

However, Ms. Gentner found that 3-year-olds can think more like 7-yesr-olds if they are given more examples. When shown a “toma” with rabbits and another with cats, and then asked, “Can you say why both of these are tomas?” most of the children can give a good explanation.

1.What is mainly described in the text?

A. Observation comes first for a learner.

B. Children can learn more first for a learner.

C. pictures can learn more by explaining.

D. Teachers should be patient with children.

2. As for the gear toy, the first group___.

A. learned more about its history

B. focused on the design of the toy

C. had a clear memory of its colors

D. found it hard to create the toy again

3. The author develops the text mainly___.

A. by cause and effect

B. by order in space

C. by examples

D. by time and events

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The band Coldplay has released (发行) a new album called “Everyday Life”. But the group has announced it won’t go on tour until it can figure out how to tour without making the climate worse.

Normally when bands have a new album, they go on tour to promote (推销) the album. They may fly from country to country and drive across countries in buses, performing in concert after concert.

Touring is an important way singers and musicians earn money. But tours are very hard on the environment. Flying is one of the biggest sources of greenhouse gases. During their last tour, the band flew to five different continents and played 122 shows. They traveled with 109 supporting workers, 32 trucks, and 9 bus drivers. Think about the pollution from Coldplay’s flights as well as the trucks, buses and huge amounts of electricity required to power the shows!

It’s hard to keep track of the pollution a band creates while touring, but most of the environmental cost comes from the fans. During their last tour, Coldplay entertained 5.4 million fans, all of whom had to travel to the concerts and bought “merchandise” like T-shirts, CDs and posters. Some bought food and drinks at the concerts, creating tons of plastic waste.

Instead of touring to promote the new album, Coldplay recorded two videos of the band playing their new songs live in Jordan and has put the videos of their performances up for free viewing on YouTube.

Coldplay, one of whose dreams is to have a show with no single-use plastic and have it largely sun-powered, says it won’t tour again until its members work out how to make their tours help instead of hurt. The decision will cost the band a lot of money in the short run, but it could pay off big for the planet.

1.Why is Coldplay’s last tour mentioned twice by the author?

A.To stress the necessity of the tour.

B.To describe Coldplay’s great popularity.

C.To introduce Coldplay’s basic information.

D.To show huge environmental costs of the tour.

2.How did Coldplay promote the new album?

A.By making a tour in Jordan.

B.By distributing free CDs to fans.

C.By posting their performances online.

D.By performing their new songs live on TV.

3.Which of the following best describes Coldplay’s decision to quit tours?

A.Thoughtless. B.Meaningful.

C.Temporary. D.Doubtful.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

New research suggests that our DNA 1. (help) us to decide whether we prefer coffee or tea. Researchers from a university in Australia studied how our genes affect our taste and why we like some tastes 2. (good) than others. Following the research, researchers believe they know why some of us prefer coffee while others like tea more. The researchers found that people who like more bitter tastes are more likely to drink coffee, The researchers said they found something strange in 3. (they) research, People who are more 4. (sense) to the bitter taste of caffeine are more likely to prefer coffee to tea.

Researchers looked at data on more than 400, 000 men and women in the United Kingdom. They also looked at an Australian study 5. compared the tastes of 1,757 twins with their siblings (兄弟姐妹). The researchers said genes weren’t the only factors (因素) 6. (affect) people’s tastes. Other things like our changing environment, social factors or 7. effects of taking medicine can also make us prefer coffee or tea, The researchers said we could learn to like coffee, Dr Liang-Dar Hwang said: “Bitter taste perception (直觉) 8. (shape) not only by genetics. but also environmental factors. Even though humans　 9. (natural) dislike bitterness, we can learn to enjoy bitter-tasting food after being exposed 10. environmental factors.”

高二英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers are finding new ways to save snakebite victims.Experts discussed the latest findings during a recent conference.

Scientists in Australia have shown that a chemical called nitric oxide could increase the chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.The scientists injected rats with a deadly amount of snake venom.Then they rubbed an ointment(软膏)containing nitric oxide on the skin around the injection site.The study found that the rats lived about one-third longer than if nitric oxide had not been used.But the treatment had to be started very quickly.

Dirk van Helden led the research.He says the nitric oxide ointment also showed promise in humans.The study appeared earlier this year in the journal Nature Medicine.Scientists say the findings could help save many lives.A recent study found that poisonous snakes cause as many as ninety-four thousand deaths worldwide each year.But Ulrich Kuch of the Biodiversity and Climate Research Center in Frankfurt,Germany,says that number appears to be low.

Mr Kuch says many deaths could be prohibited if snakebite victims are treated correctly,but they often go to traditional healers or do not seek any help at all.He said,“Sometimes it’s because there is no treatment available—no antivenom(抗蛇毒血清),which is the specific(特殊的)drug to treat snakebites—or health care staff do not know how to treat snakebites,and sometimes it’s because transportation to get to a health facility is not available or too expensive.”

Here is no single antivenom that can be used to treat all snakebites.The antivenom must be specific to the kind of snake that bit the person.In some countries the treatment is costly,while in others there is no such treatment.

1.What is this passage mainly about?(　 )

A.Snakebite deaths around the world.

B.Progress in fighting snakebite deaths.

C.Snakebite treatment around the world.

D.The chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.

2.After being rubbed an ointment containing nitric oxide,the rats 　　 .

A.suffered no pain

B.died immediately

C.lived a little longer

D.started feeling uncomfortable

3.What does Paragraph 3 suggest?(　 )

A.The number of deaths caused by snakebites is becoming lower each year.

B.The nitric oxide ointment has saved thousands of people’s lives.

C.It is very important to find an effective way to treat snakebites.

D.The number of deaths caused by snakebites worldwide is low.

4.What does the underlined word “prohibited” in Paragraph 4 mean?(　 )

A. caused.　　 　 B.considered.

C.examined.　　　 D.prevented.

5.What is implied in the last paragraph?(　 )

A.Antivenom can be made very easily.

B.It’s very important to use the correct antivenom to treat snakebite victims.

C.Antivenom is extremely expensive all over the world.

D.A person bitten by a snake will survive as long as there is antivenom.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析