Marketers have more options in today’s increa...

Marketers have more options in today’s increasingly multilingual society — a variety of electronic and print media can address groups of consumers in different languages. Various factors influence the choice of media and language. In some cases, it’s simply practical to advertise in the consumer’s native language, particularly if many of the consumers in this group are primarily monolingual. In other cases, by advertising on, say, a Spanish television channel in the US, an advertiser may earn the respect of the consumer by addressing him in his native language, as well as develop positive associations with the medium and its unique content. Now, marketers have another factor to consider when deciding where to advertise and in what language. A paper. Do bilinguals have two personalities? A special case of cultural frame switching published by researchers at the University of Texas, shows that bilingual individuals exhibit different personality characteristics when speaking different languages.

Lead researcher Nairan Ramirez-Esparza, tested individuals who were bilingual in English and Spanish for various personality traits, and found that the subjects answered the questions differently when asked in English and Spanish. The new work built on past research showed the values of subjects changed when they were surrounded by stimuli from different cultures.

How can marketers take advantage of “cultural frame switching”? It may sound challenging without specific research, but at least for Spanish, English bilinguals in the US, there is now some hard data on the language-related personality shift. Extrapolating to other language combinations may be possible, too. Since the Spanish/English bilingual results seem to be in agreement with testing of monolingual Spanish and English speakers, language-specific testing of bilingual subjects may not be essential to get an idea of what kind of cultural frame switching might occur in other bilingual combinations. Rather, comparing known personality differences for each language/ culture would give an indication of the differences bilingual individuals would exhibit.

I think it would be a mistake to over-emphasize this phenomenon over other criteria affecting the selection of appropriate media and language to reach a target market. Clearly, the major considerations of demographics (人口统计资料), perception of the medium, language fluency, etc. should remain major factors. Besides, the language-driven cultural frame switching may not make much difference to many products or services. If the product does attract one cultural personality more, though, it may make sense to exploit that difference of the other decision criteria are more or less equivalent.

The researchers point out that the differences aren’t great. Even if slight, though, the differences are noticeable.

高三英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析

Today, more Chinese people speak English and China may have the _____number of English speakers in the world．

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读填空

Today and every day we are the targets of salespeople, marketers, advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. Over the years, they've learned a lot about which features to build into a communication to increase its success. But, by concentrating on the message itself, they've missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that the best persuasion is achieved through good pre-suasion: the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they know what's in it.

Pre-suasion works by focusing people's preliminary (开始的) attention on a selected concept—let's say softness—which encourages them to overvalue related opportunities that immediately follow. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were sent to a site that illustrated either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the soft clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofas for purchase, whereas those who saw the small amounts of money preferred inexpensive models.

A following study showed the pre-suasive mechanism. Subjects became three times more likely to help a researcher who "accidentally" dropped some items if, immediately before, they'd been exposed to images of figures standing together in a friendly pose. If this tripling of helpfulness doesn't seem remarkable enough, consider that the subjects were 18 months old—hardly able to reason or review or reflect.

Long before scientists started studying the process, a few notable communicators had an understanding of it.

In February 2015, the financial investor Warren Buffett had a problem. It was 50 years since he had taken control of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., guiding it to amazing levels of value, along with his brilliant partner Charlie Munger. Many investors were worried that, because Buffett and Munger were getting older, these levels couldn't be maintained in the future, perhaps making it time to sell Berkshire stock.

To respond to these concerns, Buffett wrote a letter to shareholders in which he described various reasons for confidence in Berkshire's continuing profitability. But, before the description of strengths, he declared with characteristic sincerity that what he was about to state was "what I would say to my family today if they asked me about Berkshire's future." The result was a flood of favorable reaction to the letter as well as a per-share increase for the year of nearly five times that of the S&P.

With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always placed persuasive prods (刺激)—small gifts, emotional draw, last-chance opportunities- inside their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they've mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it's not only what you do; it's also what you do just before you do what you do.

高三英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析

Growing older is unavoidable while growing up is optional. These words have been passed on in the loving __ of Rose.

On the first day of school our professor challenged us to get to know someone, so I  __ to find a little old lady looking at me with a smile. She said， "Hi,handsome! My name is Rose. I'm eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a _? " I laughed and _ responded, then followed a giant squeeze. “_ are you in college at such an innocent age?” I asked. "I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of kids..." I was __ what it was that motivated her to be taking on this _ at her age. “ I always dreamed of having a college education and now I _ it!” Later, we became friends.

Rose became a campus celebrity and she easily made friends _ she went. On one _ Rose was invited to speak at our football banquet. Her prepared cards dropped before she _ the speech. A little _ , she simply _ her throat and began," We do not stop playing _ we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are certain secrets to stay _ , being happy and achieving success. You've got to have a dream. When you _ your dreams, you die.”…

At the end of the year Rose finished her college education. One week after graduation Rose died _ in her sleep. Over two thousand college students _ her funeral in honor of the wonderful woman who taught by __ that it's never too late to be all you can possibly be.

Anybody can grow older, which doesn't _ any talent or ability. The key is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change.

1.A.  care B.      memory    C.      need         D.      want

2.A.  turned up B.      turned over      C.      turned around  D.      turned away

3.A.  hug   B.      kiss   C.      hand          D.      gift

4.A.  annoyingly         B.      impatiently        C.      absently    D.      enthusiastically

5.A.  Who B.      Why C.      How D.      When

6.A.  curious     B.      positive     C.      obvious     D.      convinced

7.A.  risk   B.      opportunity       C.      challenge D.      invitation

8.A.  like   B.   take  C.      hold D.      make

9.A.  however   B.      whenever          C.      wherever D.      whatever

10.A.         stage         B.      occasion   C.      time D.      event

11.A.         remembered    B.      continued          C.      delivered D.      wrote

12.A.         delighted  B.      embarrassed     C.      fascinated          D.      frightened

13.A.         cleared     B.      checked   C.      cleaned    D.      treated

14.A.         until B.      before      C.      when         D.      because

15.A.         energetic B.      young        C.      alive D.      healthy

16.A.         lose  B.      realize       C.      pursue      D.      obtain

17.A.         secretly    B.      sadly          C.      peacefully         D.      bitterly

18.A. joined      B.      ignored     C.      cancelled D.      attended

19.A. example  B.      directions C.      speech      D.      personality

20.A.         gain  B.      explore     C.      take  D.      appeal

高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?

According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51  in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth   52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.

Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.

Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.

One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.                                                  (347 words)

1.                A．possible        B．smooth         C．good D．easy

2.                A．crime          B．poverty         C．conflict   D．population

3.                A．contributing     B．responding      C．turning   D．owing

4.                A．remain         B．drop           C．shift D．increase

5.                A．doubt          B．define          C．advocate  D．ignore

6.                A．In addition      B．For instance     C．In other words D．All in all

7.                A．mature         B．new           C．local D．foreign

8.                A．finding         B．exploring       C．bridging  D．widening

9.                A．suffered        B．profited        C．learned   D．withdrawn

10.               A．Furthermore    B．Therefore       C．However  D．Otherwise

11.               A．consume       B．deliver         C．export    D．advertise

12.               A．trouble         B．business        C．power D．mind

13.               A．keep up        B．come in        C．go around D．help out

14.               A．taking off       B．getting along     C．holding out D．turning back

15.               A．agreement      B．prediction      C．outcome  D．challenge

高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

In today’s increasingly competitive world, that is of great importance to keep a positive attitude towards life. It is important because it could help us solve various problems in life. Taking English learning for example. In our efforts to grasp English, mistakes are unavoidable. In the way, mistakes are annoyed, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only making mistakes can we be expected to make progresses.

As we can see it, keeping a good attitude can help us to deal with mistakes correct and find confidence in time of sorrow. However, its importance cannot be denied.

高三英语短文改错中等难度题查看答案及解析

In today’s throwaway society，dealing with the city’s growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council (市议会)．

Recently，Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of (处理) about 250,000 million tons of waste a year.Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner—largely through encouraging recycling—its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.

The European Union (EU) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.The five councils (Edinburgh，East Lothian，West Lothian，Midlothian and Borders) face fines around ￡18 million a year from 2013 if they don’t increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.With this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂) to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.But this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city’s waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.

After the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city’s waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar，offered an

alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.

Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion.But soon they turned it down—after 700 local objections reached them—because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.

That still leaves the council with a problem.By 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.Even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.Due to this，Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.(2011·湖北，C)

1.The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.

A．recycling　                         B．restoring

C．burying　                             D．burning

2.The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.

A．reduce the cost of burying waste

B．meet the EU requirements

C．speed up waste recycling

D．replace landfill sites

3.The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because ________.

A．it came from a private company

B．the council was not interested in it

C．it was not supported by EU

D．the local people were against it

4.What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian councils?

A．To open a new landfill nearby.

B．To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015.

C．To set up a plant for burning waste.

D．To persuade people to reduce their waste.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Our hope immediately ___ after hearing the news that we would have one more chance．

A．rose　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．increased

C．lifted　　　　　　　　　　 D．grew

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

As computers become more and more popular in China, Chinese are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes(笔画) of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.

Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more widespread among university students. Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer. All the students interviewed say they usually use computers.

It's faster and easier to correct the mistakes if using a computer. And that’s why computers are being used more and more often in modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems appear.

“When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can’t remember how to write a character, though I feel I'm familiar with it.”

“I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper.”

Many students don’t feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and efficient to type on a computer, why bother to write by hand?

Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei , the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, “Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic (审美的) value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. Besides, handwriting contains the writer's emotion. Through one's handwriting, people can  learn one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression.”

To encourage students to write more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.

1.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A．The Importance of Typing

B．Practical and Aesthetic Value of Chinese Characters

C．Writing by Computer Will Replace Writing by Hand

D．To Type or to Write by Hand

2.The students interviewed prefer to type on a computer mainly because_______.

A．they can correct the mistakes quickly and conveniently

B．they are usually asked to e-mail their homework and essays

C．they find it hard to remember how to write a character

D．computers have become a trend and fashion in China

3.Which of the following statements is NOT true about advantages of handwriting?

A．Handwriting contains the writer's emotion.

B．Handwriting can impress people well and build their self-confidence.

C．The writer's thinking and personality are shown in his or her handwriting.

D．Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value.

4.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 probably means________.

A．getting bored with                      B．becoming crazy about

C．becoming dependent on                  D．getting curious about

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

With rapid increase of economic rate in western countries, more and more married young couples tend to have no child or only one. At the meantime, many developing nations adopt family planning policy to get rid of poverty. All these facts result in a world with population growth rate declining. But I myself would like to grow up in a big family.

Of course, a small family has its advantages. Firstly, small family makes it easier for parents to bring up and educate their children. Parents could spend more time and money educating one child than several. The child could grow up in an influential environment. Secondly, the child could learn more survival skills for future success.

However, ________. The only child becomes the little emperor. It would make the one child ask more for him and think less of others. Besides, after the child grows up and gets married, the new couple has to take care of four old parents. That means the two children must work hard to support the old parents. At present, many nations are facing the problem of becoming aged society. China will face this situation in a short time to come.

On the contrary, a big family weighs over a small family in many aspects. Firstly, parents could educate several children with almost the same time as they spend with one. Moreover, the old brothers or sisters also could help their parents bring up little children. Secondly, if one of the children turns out to be successful, it may mean he or she is becoming a model for other children to learn from.

Despite the fact that parents have to spend more time and money bringing up several children, it is not as difficult as people think it to be. With the help of good educational system and modern technology, it is becoming easier to afford several children.

1.What is the writer's attitude whether it is good to grow up in a big family? （no more than 10 words.）

________

2.Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.

________

3.What's the main idea of the second paragraph? （no more than 10 words.）

________

4. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases. （no more than 10 words.）

5.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

Although parents need more time and money to raise several children, it’s easier than it’s thought to be.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析