Elephant, horse and cow wastes could be endless sources for a key element needed to make paper. It is good news for some nations where trees are scarce while animal wastes come in especially handy.
The idea for the unusual use of elephant and cow wastes first came to mind when researcher Dr Alexander Bismarck noticed something strange about goat wastes while vacationing in Greece. He observed some goats eating summer-dry grass and came to an interesting conclusion about what they digest.
Dr Bismarck said： “I realized what comes out in the end is partially digested plant matter so there must be cellulose （纤维素）there". Animals eat dry grass containing cellulose, chew it and digest it in their stomach and then produce wastes. Up to 40 percent of those wastes are cellulose, which is easily accessible. Therefore, making paper from the partially digested material would take much less energy than using raw wood. Additionally, it would require fewer chemical treatments.
This supply of raw material is plenty： parks in Africa that are home to hundreds of elephants produce tons of wastes every day, and enormous cattle farms in the US and Europe produce mountains of wastes.
In order to make paper, the material must be processed with a special method. But it requires little because there is no need to break it down into small parts for use in paper, in contrast to conventional methods which need a lot of energy to break down wood.
Using wastes, we can reduce the number of steps needed in papermaking, simply because the animal already chewed the plant and attacked it with acid in their stomachs. You inexpensively produce a paper staff that has the same or even better properties than that from wood, with lower energy and chemical consumption.
1.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?
A.The observation of goat wastes. B.The usage of animal wastes.
C.The origin of the unusual idea. D.The vacation spent in Greece.
2.Animal wastes can be used to make paper mainly because ________.
A.they will never run out B.they are easy to access
C.they are partly digested D.they contain much cellulose
3.What is the advantage of making paper from animal wastes?
A.It is more profitable. B.It is energy-saving.
C.It needs less material. D.It fits all parts of the world.
4.What is the probable explanation of the underlined word “attack"?
A.Treat. B.Mix.
C.Clean. D.Protect.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Elephant, horse and cow wastes could be endless sources for a key element needed to make paper. It is good news for some nations where trees are scarce while animal wastes come in especially handy.
The idea for the unusual use of elephant and cow wastes first came to mind when researcher Dr Alexander Bismarck noticed something strange about goat wastes while vacationing in Greece. He observed some goats eating summer-dry grass and came to an interesting conclusion about what they digest.
Dr Bismarck said： “I realized what comes out in the end is partially digested plant matter so there must be cellulose （纤维素）there". Animals eat dry grass containing cellulose, chew it and digest it in their stomach and then produce wastes. Up to 40 percent of those wastes are cellulose, which is easily accessible. Therefore, making paper from the partially digested material would take much less energy than using raw wood. Additionally, it would require fewer chemical treatments.
This supply of raw material is plenty： parks in Africa that are home to hundreds of elephants produce tons of wastes every day, and enormous cattle farms in the US and Europe produce mountains of wastes.
In order to make paper, the material must be processed with a special method. But it requires little because there is no need to break it down into small parts for use in paper, in contrast to conventional methods which need a lot of energy to break down wood.
Using wastes, we can reduce the number of steps needed in papermaking, simply because the animal already chewed the plant and attacked it with acid in their stomachs. You inexpensively produce a paper staff that has the same or even better properties than that from wood, with lower energy and chemical consumption.
1.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?
A.The observation of goat wastes. B.The usage of animal wastes.
C.The origin of the unusual idea. D.The vacation spent in Greece.
2.Animal wastes can be used to make paper mainly because ________.
A.they will never run out B.they are easy to access
C.they are partly digested D.they contain much cellulose
3.What is the advantage of making paper from animal wastes?
A.It is more profitable. B.It is energy-saving.
C.It needs less material. D.It fits all parts of the world.
4.What is the probable explanation of the underlined word “attack"?
A.Treat. B.Mix.
C.Clean. D.Protect.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Surrounded by rolling green hills dotted with horses and cows, the town of Waimea on Hawaii’s Big Island is a peaceful and friendly place. One afternoon, while staying with friends at their house there, my husband and I decided to go for a 36 along the many, mostly traffic-free, country lanes in the area.
We met a beautiful Golden Retriever. He seemed 37 friendly so we stopped to play with him, 38 a stick which he retrieved(取回) several times happily. When we 39 our walk, he followed us, and although I worried that he 40 be going too far from his home, I couldn’t deny that we were enjoying his 41.
After about twenty minutes, we found ourselves walking along a dirt road in an unfamiliar area. One house, almost hidden by shrubbery(灌木林) and shaded by tall trees，seemed 42 strange. I felt an urge to be as far away from that place as possible.
Just then, the door to the house creaked open and five dogs 43, barking and growling as they ran toward us. I felt 44 and couldn’t move. There was nowhere to 45 and no time to run..
All of a sudden, our new friend appeared between the dogs and us. He faced them – all five of them – growling and baring his teeth. I was 46 to see the attacking dogs stop in their tracks ten feet away from him. Our protector 47them there while we escaped. 48 a safe distance, we looked back and saw the five dogs 49 back toward their house.
But the Golden Retriever was 50 in sight. I felt an ache in my 51; I missed our friend already. Instinctively, I knew he was not hurt. With a feeling of 52, we made our way back to the house, 53 the whole way that we would see him again. But it was not to be.
When I told our friend about the encounter, her eyes flew wide open54 she exclaimed, “It was an angel!”
To this day I have no55 that a four-legged angel protected us.
1. A．walk B． sightseeing C． picnic D． trip
2. A．increasingly B． deliberately C．personally D． exceptionally
3. A．holding B． talking C． throwing D． picking
4. A．started B． continued C． went D． kept
5. A．should B． must C． would D． might
6. A．accompany B． company C． companion D． fellow
7. A．hardly B． otherwise C． somehow D． anyhow
8. A．came out B． rushed out C． walked out D． headed out
9. A．terrified B． excited C． astonished D． strange
10. A．see B． go C． hide D． find
11. A．amazed B． pleased C． amused D． crazy
12. A．stopped B． held C． ordered D． forced
13. A．With B． On C． In D． At
14. A．heading B． returning C． barking D． jumping
15. A．everywhere B． somewhere C． anywhere D． nowhere
16. A．foot B． hand C． mind D． heart
17. A．tiredness B． sadness C． emptiness D． happiness
18. A．hoping B． thinking C． imaging D． believing
19. A．after B． as C． since D． though
20. A．wonder B． regret C． doubt D． idea
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Forget chip fat, sugar cane or rapeseed oil — the latest source of biofuel could be watermelons. Scientists have discovered that the fruit is a great source of sugar that can be readily distilled (蒸馏) into alcohol to power cars and farm machinery.
And sellers reject 360,000 tons of “substandard” fruit every year in America alone which could be used as an economical way to make fuel. The waste from US growers could produce nearly two million gallons (nine million litres) of biofuel per year.
In the study, researchers at the United States Department of Agriculture set out to determine the biofuel potential of juice from rejected watermelons —those not sold due to cosmetic imperfections, and currently ploughed back into the field. About a fifth of each yearly watermelon crop is left in the field because of surface blemishes (瑕疵) or because they are misshapen.
Dr. Wayne Fish, who led the team, found that 50 percent of the fruit was fermentable (可发酵的) into alcohol which could provide valuable fuel.
“We’ve shown that the juice of these watermelons is a source of readily fermentable sugars, representing an unexploited raw material for alcohol biofuel production,” he said.
The study, published in the journal Biotechnology for Biofuels, discovered that watermelons could produce around 20 gallons of fuel per acre from fruit that otherwise would go to waste.
Production of biofuels has been targeted by Western governments as a way to support renewable energy targets.
The European Union has a target for 2010 that 5.75 percent of transport fuels should come from biological sources, but the target is unlikely to be met.
The British government’s Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation requires five percent of the fuel sold at the pump by 2010 to be biofuel.
1.The passage mainly tells us ______.
| A．watermelon juice will be the largest source of renewable energy |
| B．the advantages of fuel made from watermelons |
| C．Western countries aim at producing biofuels |
| D．watermelons could be used to make fuel |
2. It can be learned from the text that ______.
| A．about two gallons of fuel could be made from rejected fruit per acre |
| B．sellers in the world throw away 360,000 tons of watermelons every year |
| C．half of the watermelons were fermentable into alcohol to provide energy |
| D．five percent of fuel is required to be biofuel from watermelons by 2010 in Britain |
3.The underlined word “cosmetic” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
| A．fresh | B．sweet | C．surface | D．inside |
4.We can infer from the passage that ______.
| A．it will cost a lot to make biofuel from watermelons |
| B．Western countries are engaged in biofuel study but still have a long way to go |
| C．watermelon juice has been used as a source of sugars to produce alcohol biofuel |
| D．the European Union is likely to meet its target of transport fuels from biological sources |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Technology makes listening to holiday music easier than ever. There are endless sources to help you find your favorite Christmas tunes and many other songs. People have explored how to listen to holiday music with high-tech devices.
Apple Music
This is the first year you can use Apple Music to listen to holiday songs. Apple Music has more than 30 million songs and is available in over 100 countries.
Tell voice assistant Siri to "play holiday music" to open the music program on your iPhone, iPad or Apple TV. Apple Music app is available in the Google Play store, but not with a voice assistant.
For the first three months, you can use it for free. After that, users have to pay a subscription fee.
Google Play Music
Google Play Music is also in the holiday spirit. Go to the Google Play Music Holiday page and search for "holiday music."
Google Play Music is available for free if you don't mind the advertisements. If you do, buy a paid subscription to avoid them. Google Play Music offers more than 30 million songs from 58 countries.
Tune In Radio
Listen to radio stations with Tune In Radio. This is an online service and offers stations from all seven continents in the world, including Antarctica. Tune In Radio is available on your computer and is free to online users. In the United States, Britain and Canada, a paid subscription gives you more stations without advertisements.
1.What can we learn about Apple Music?
A.It is a new tool to listen to holiday music.
B.It is popular in over 100 countries.
C.It can only be used for three months.
D.It can only be used after the subscription .
2.According to the passage, Google Play Music _________.
A.is favored by young people B.can always be used for free
C.has the largest number of songs D.doesn't allow any advertisement
3.We can learn that Tune In Radio _________.
A.have over 30 million songs B.is available on our mobile device
C.offers stations from around the world D.is expensive in America and Canada
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
One dark stormy night, an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be 36for the night, “I’m very sorry,” the clerk on night shift said politely, “we are all 37 tonight. 38 ,you could stay in my room if you don’t mind. I’m 39 ,so I’ll be here.” The young man gave the sincere advice.
The elderly couple accepted his 40with gratitude. They apologized for the 41they had caused him. The next day, the rain stopped and it 42 . When the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the same clerk said, “The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper 43room in this hotel, so you don’t need to pay.”
The old gentleman nodded in 44: “You are an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of . Perhaps someday I’ll build a hotel for you.” The clerk was 45but, deciding that the guest must have been 46, he gave the remark 47 thought.
Two years later, the young man received a letter from the old gentleman, in which he 48 the experience of that dark stormy night. The letter also 49 a formal invitation, asking that young man to pay a visit.
At a street corner in Manhattan, the young man met his 50guest. The old gentleman, pointing to a magnificent new building 51over the crossroads, “Look, that is the hotel I 52 to build for you. I hope you will 53it for me .Remember what I said then? Well, I was 54about it.”
The young man stammered, “But…will there be any 55 , sir? Why do you choose me? And who are you?”
“My name is William Aster.” This building was none other than the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, a symbol of supreme status and honor in New York.
1.A. put up B. put away C. stay up D. set up
2.A. preserved B. conserved C. booked D. occupied
3.A. Meanwhile B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. However
4.A. on duty B. on display C. on stage D. on hand
5.A. service B. view C. offer D. invitation
6.A. Instruction B. consideration C. Inconvenience D.interruption
7.A. cleared away B. picked out C. cleaned up D. cleared up
8.A. living B. double C. admirable D. luxury
9.A. appreciation B. admiration C. surprise D. excitement
10.A. excite B. skeptical C. annoyed D. respectful
11.A. lacking B. covering C. joking D. cheating
12.A. not more B. no more C. some D. another
13.A. described B. stated C. recited D. recalled
14.A. swapped B. included C. attached D. added
15.A. former B. original C. formal D. primitive
16.A. displaying B. towering C. flying D. hovering
17.A. determined B. promised C. tended D. intended
18.A. get B. keep C. manage D. make
19.A. sensitive B. concerned C .curious D. serious
20.A. Scene B.situation C.condition D. occasion
高三英语简单题查看答案及解析
One dark stormy night, an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be 36for the night, “I’m very sorry,” the clerk on night shift said politely, “we are all 37 tonight. 38 ,you could stay in my room if you don’t mind. I’m39 ,so I’ll be here.” The young man gave the sincere advice.
The elderly couple accepted his 40with gratitude. They apologized for the 41they had caused him. The next day, the rain stopped and it 42 . When the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the same clerk said, “The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper 43room in this hotel, so you don’t need to pay.”
The old gentleman nodded in 44: “You are an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of . Perhaps someday I’ll build a hotel for you.” The clerk was 45but, deciding that the guest must have been46, he gave the remark 47 thought.
Two years later, the young man received a letter from the old gentleman, in which he 48 the experience of that dark stormy night. The letter also 49 a formal invitation, asking that young man to pay a visit.
At a street corner in Manhattan, the young man met his 50guest. The old gentleman, pointing to a magnificent new building 51over the crossroads, “Look, that is the hotel I 52 to build for you. I hope you will 53it for me .Remember what I said then? Well, I was 54about it.”
The young man stammered, “But…will there be any 55 , sir? Why do you choose me? And who are you?”
“My name is William Aster.” This building was none other than the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, a symbol of supreme status and honor in New York.
1. A．put up B．put away C．stay up D．set up
2. A．preserved B．conserved C．booked D．occupied
3. A．Meanwhile B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However
4. A．on duty B．on display C．on stage D．on hand
5. A．service B．view C．offer D．invitation
6. A．Instruction B．consideration C．Inconvenience D．interruption
7. A．cleared away B．picked out C．cleaned up D．cleared up
8. A．living B．double C．admirable D．luxury
9. A．appreciation B．admiration C．surprise D．excitement
10. A．excited B．skeptical C．annoyed D．respectful
11. A．lacking B．covering C．joking D．cheating
12. A．not more B．no more C．some D．another
13. A．described B．stated C．recited D．recalled
14. A．swapped B．included C．attached D．added
15. A．former B．original C．formal D．primitive
16. A．displaying B．towering C．flying D．hovering
17. A．determined B．promised C．tended D．intended
18. A．get B．keep C．manage D．make
19. A．sensitive B．concerned C．curious D．serious
20. A．Scene B．situation C．condition D．Occasion
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
One dark stormy night, an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be 36for the night, “I’m very sorry,” the clerk on night shift said politely, “we are all 37 tonight. 38 ,you could stay in my room if you don’t mind. I’m39 ,so I’ll be here.” The young man gave the sincere advice.
The elderly couple accepted his 40with gratitude. They apologized for the 41they had caused him. The next day, the rain stopped and it 42 . When the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the same clerk said, “The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper 43room in this hotel, so you don’t need to pay.”
The old gentleman nodded in 44: “You are an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of . Perhaps someday I’ll build a hotel for you.” The clerk was 45but, deciding that the guest must have been46, he gave the remark 47 thought.
Two years later, the young man received a letter from the old gentleman, in which he 48 the experience of that dark stormy night. The letter also 49 a formal invitation, asking that young man to pay a visit.
At a street corner in Manhattan, the young man met his 50guest. The old gentleman, pointing to a magnificent new building 51over the crossroads, “Look, that is the hotel I 52 to build for you. I hope you will 53it for me .Remember what I said then? Well, I was 54about it.”
The young man stammered, “But…will there be any 55 , sir? Why do you choose me? And who are you?”
“My name is William Aster.” This building was none other than the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, a symbol of supreme status and honor in New York.
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高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Why would human beings waste a third of their lives sleeping when they could be doing more important things like looking after their families or working? Some scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the body, while others think it is important for strengthening newly-formed memories. Now, there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
The neurons (神经元) in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites (树突). These grow as we learn new things and connect the brain's cells to each other at contact points called synapses (突触). The larger the dendrites become and the more cells they connect, the more information we store.
In 2003, Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, both biologists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, suggested a new idea: The things our brains learn each day result in so many synapses that things start to get a little messy. Sleeping allows us to sort through the "noise" and dispense all the unnecessary information, leaving behind only the most important memories-
Recently, the university's research has provided direct evidence to support the theory. The experiment involved analyzing 6,920 synapses in the brain shavings from two groups of mice over a four — year period; one group had been allowed to sleep, while the other had been kept awake and entertained with toys. The researchers discovered that the brain shavings of the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than those that had been kept awake and entertained.
It was also evident during the study that the brain does not shave every synapse. 20% of neurons remained unchanged; these were most likely well-established memories. Therefore, although we may be sleeping to forget some of what we've learned, the brain "forgets" in a smart way.
Most researchers believe clearing our brains is not the only purpose of sleep. Resting our minds and bodies has also been found to help with other biological functions like strengthening our immunity. Though scientists may never agree on a single reason, they are all sure of one thing — a good night's rest is essential for our health. So try and spend at least a third of your day sleeping!
1.What will happen when we learn new things?
A.We tend to forget some key information.
B.We develop the ability to recharge the body.
C.The dendrites expand and connect brain's cells.
D.The neurons gather at what are called contact points.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “dispense” in Paragraph 3?
A.Pick up. B.Get rid of.
C.Bring down. D.Pull out of.
3.What is the author's purpose of writing the text?
A.To prove a new theory.
B.To report a new discovery.
C.To show sleep good for memory.
D.To discuss how long one should sleep.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
One dark stormy night an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be 36for the night." I’m very sorry,” the clerk on night shift said politely, "we are all37 tonight．38,you
could stay in my room if you don't mind．I’m 39, so I'll be here．“ The young man gave the sincere advice．
The elderly couple accepted his 40with gratitude．They apologized for the 41they had caused him．The next day, the rain stopped and it 42．When the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the same clerk said．" The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper 43room in this hotel, so you don't need to pay．”
The old gentleman nodded in 44 : “You are an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of．Perhaps someday I’ll build a hotel for you．”The clerk was__45but, deciding that the
guest must have been46, he gave the remark47thought．
Two years later, the young man received a registered letter from the old gentleman, in which he 48the experience of that dark stormy night．The letter also 49 a formal invitation, asking that young man to pay a visit．
At a street comer in Manhattan, the young man met his50guest．The old gentleman, pointing
to a magnificent new building__51over the crossroads, said, "Look, that is the hotel I52to build for you．I hope you will53it for me．Remember what I said then? Well, I was54about it．”
The young man stammered, "But…will there be any55,sir? Why do you choose me? And who are you?"
“My name is William Aster．”This building was none other than the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, a symbol of supreme status and honor in New York．
1. A．put up B．put away C．stay up D．set up
2. A．preserved B．conserved C．booked D．occupied
3. A．Meanwhile B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However
4. A．on duty B．on display C．on stage D．on hand
5. A．service B．view C．offer D．invitation
6. A．instruction B．consideration C．inconvenience D．interruption
7. A．cleared away B．picked out C．cleaned up D．cleared up
8. A．living B．double C．admirable D． luxury
9. A．appreciation B．admiration C．surprise D．excitement
10. A．excited B．skeptical C．annoyed D．respectful
11. A．lacking B．covering C．joking D．cheating
12. A．not more B．no more C．some D．another
13. A．described B．stated C．recited D．recalled
14. A．swapped B．included C．attached D．added
15. A．former B．original C．formal D．primitive
16. A．displaying B．towering C．flying D．climbing
17. A．determined B．promised C．tended D．intended
18. A．get B．keep C．manage D．make
19. A．sensitive B．concerned C．curious D．serious
20. A．scene B．situation C．condition D．occasion
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
Why would human beings waste a third of their lives sleeping when they could be doing more important things like looking after their families or working? Some scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the body, while others think it is important for strengthening newly-formed memories. Now, there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites(树突). These grow as we learn new things and connect the brain’s cells to each other at contact points called synapses(突触). The larger the dendrites become and the more cells they connect, the more information we store.
In 2018, Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, both biologists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, suggested a new idea: The things our brains learn each day result in so many synapses that things start to get a little messy. Sleeping allows us to sort through(整理) the “noise” and dispense all the unnecessary information, leaving behind only the most important memories.
Recently, the university’s research has provided direct evidence to support the theory. The experiment involved analyzing 6,920 synapses in the brain shavings from two groups of mice over a four-year period; one group had been allowed to sleep, while the other had been kept awake and entertained with toys. The researchers discovered that the brain shavings of the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than those that had been kept awake and entertained.
It was also evident during the study that the brain does not shave every synapse. 20% of neurons remained unchanged; these were most likely well-established memories. Therefore, although we may be sleeping to forget some of what we’ve learned, the brain “forgets”in a smart way.
Most researchers believe clearing our brains is not the only purpose of sleep. Resting our minds and bodies has also been found to help with other biological functions like strengthening our immunity. Though scientists may never agree on a single reason, they are all sure of one thing－a good night’s rest is essential for our health. So try and spend at least a third of your day sleeping!
1.What’s the new discovery about the purpose of sleeping according to the text?(no more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
2.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?(no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
3.What does the underlined word “dispense” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?(no more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
4.What agreement do all the scientists probably reach about sleeping according to the text? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
5.What kind of sleeping habit do you have? Please explain.(no more than 25 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
高三英语阅读表达中等难度题查看答案及解析