The remains of animals and plants which _____...

The remains of animals and plants which ________ in or near water are most likely to be preserved.

A.had lived B.lived C.live D.are living

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. In the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者). But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. Why?

John Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢). Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher, colder places, there isn’t actually much more food around. It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.

The real explanation is simple. An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt become slower and duller. At some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物). They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.

In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. The killer whales of the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating, year-round residents.

But the world is changing. It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃ within this century. Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by 1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.

But “predictions are hard,” Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes. “Polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations; others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates. Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”

1.Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?

A. Because there is more food.

B. Because there are fewer enemies.

C. Because they are faster and wiser.

D. Because they consume less energy.

2.The author mentions the killer whales to show ______.

A. the benefit of biological evolution

B. food preference of different sea mammals

C. the distinction of specific types of predators

D. the advantage of constant body temperature

3.What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?

A. Positive. B. Negative.

C. Neutral. D. Sceptical.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?

B. How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?

C. Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?

D. Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

________more and more forests in Australia damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.

A.As B.For C.With D.By

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The conservation area is very important for preserving many animals and plants, which would ______ run the risk of becoming extinct.

A. otherwise               B. therefore                         C. though                              D. instead

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

It is the best for this kind of plant to grow in ______ is warm and rainy.

A. that           B. what           C. which          D. where

高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析

Today, many species of animals and plants are endangered. This means they are in danger of becoming extinct and living on only in the pages of history books. The famous dodo is a classic example of a creature that became extinct. A flightless bird that lived on the island of Mauritius, it was discovered by sailors in 1598 but was hunted to extinction by 1681.

Hunting has caused the Bengal tiger and the African elephant to be endangered today but habitat destruction can also lead to extinction. This is equally true for plants. Animals and plants disappear for other reasons too, but the main cause is often a disruption（打乱，破坏） in the natural food chain, whether due to hunting, habitat destruction, or even the introduction of alien species.

The natural food chain is the cycle that governs the existence of all life on this planet. It is a carefully balanced cycle and any imbalance that occurs can cause knock-on effects that have serious consequences. At the beginning of the natural food chain are plants which turn sunlight into energy and draw nutrients from the earth. Plants are called producers.

After the producers come the consumers. There are three tiers of consumers. First are creatures such as plant-eating animals, fish and insects which feed off the producers. These animals that only eat plants are called herbivores. The second tier of consumers are carnivores - animals that live off other animals. The third tier of consumers eats both other animals and plants. These consumers, including most humans, are called omnivores.

After animals and plants die, they become food for other smaller creatures, such as bacteria and some plants, such as fungi. As they feed, these creatures turn the dead bodies back into gases and minerals which are again food for the producers at the beginning of the food chain. And so the cycle continues.

All of nature is connected and governed by hundreds of these delicate food chains and if a single plant in the chain cannot survive, then the insects that live off the plant start to die and the animals that eat the insects also start to die.

When a food chain is disrupted, the consequences can be extremely serious. One estimate suggests that for each plant species that is lost, up to 30 animals and insects may also die out. One wonders how many species were affected by the extinction of the dodo?

Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. We've already mentioned hunting but now let's look at travel. When people first started to explore the world they took plant and animal species from their home countries and introduced them wherever they went. They didn't realize that by introducing alien species they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they discovered. Although there are strict rules in place today controlling the import and export of alien species, some places are still fighting the effects of aliens introduced hundreds of years ago.

For example, Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean is a breeding ground for albatrosses that have been nesting there for centuries. But in the 19th century, mice from passing ships were brought to the island. Being a species alien to the island, they had no natural predators and have now grown to such a size that they are attacking and killing albatross chicks. If they are allowed to continue, they will wipe out the albatross population.

With import laws and people's rising awareness of how humans affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to fit better into the natural food chains that govern our world. Otherwise we need to accept that the loss of any more plants and animals could eventually mean our own extinction.

1.What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us?

A. Hunting and habitat destruction lead to extinction.

B. Many species of animals and plants are endangered.

C. Plants and animals become extinct for the same reasons.

D. The main cause of extinction is often a disruption in the natural food chain.

2.Which of the following sentence is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Strict rules alone can remove the bad effects of alien species.

B. Plants, herbivores and carnivores are the three tiers of consumers.

C. If a bird becomes extinct, the relevant food chain will be disrupted.

D. Animals and plants become extinct because alien species are imported.

3.By mentioning the mice in Gough Island, the author intends to highlight ______.

A. mice worldwide are growing all the time

B. being aliens, they had no natural predators

C. some places are still fighting the effects of aliens

D. traveling can have disastrous effects on food chains

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Survival of the fittest.

B. Endangered animals and plants.

C. How to protect the natural environment.

D. The link between food chains and extinction.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Nearly 610,000 Chinese students attended schools and colleges overseas in 2017. China remains the world’s 1. (large) supplier of international students. A majority 2. the students went to European and North American countries. Countries 3. (include) in the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) became new destinations, with student numbers 4. (rise) by 15.7 percent in 2017. At the same time, about 480,000 graduates returned to China. Since 1978, about 5.2 million Chinese 5. (study) abroad and among those 6. graduated about 83.7 percent returned to China.

Meanwhile, a total of 490,000 7. (foreign) from 204 countries and regions studied in China is 2017. Students from the Republic of Korea, Thailand and Pakistan were the most numerous, while the United States ranked 8. (four). Students from B&R countries accounted for 64.9 percent of 9. total. About 59,000 international students in China 10. (support) by Chinese government scholarships.

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature．He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously．He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilization．He exterminates some species on a large scale, but favors the multiplication of others．In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million．

Many of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequences．Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade, or that the provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers’ wives would have led to Eastern Australian being overrun with forests of Prickly Pear? Who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coasts, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semi desert, with the very soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient Greece?

These are spectacular examples; but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be found．We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds, prescribing absolute security for all species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies beyond measure and ousts the rare kinds in which we were particularly interested．We see, owing to some little change brought about by civilization, the starling spread over the English country-side in hordes．We improve the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that now they exhaust the pastures which sufficed for less exigent stock．

1.The following examples except _______________ reflect man altering the balance of nature．

A．man is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants

B．man is facilitating the spread of animals into new regions．

C．man is killing some species on a large scale

D．man is getting to know the importance of keeping the balance of nature．

2.What had a piece of Canadian waterweed cause?

A．Eastern Australian was overrun with forests．

B．Half the waterways of Britain blocked for a decade．

C．In parts of central Africa, the land reduced to a semi desert．

D．Disease-sleeping has been caused．

3.What have spread diseases?

A．Disease-sleeping sickness．                        B．Measles．

C．Improved communications．        D．Malaria．

4.We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds but _______________.

A．some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies

B．rare kinds multiply

C．all bird multiply

D．no bird multiply

5.The main idea of the passage is ______________．

A．that man is deliberately destroying the balance of nature

B．that man has foreseen the consequences of altering the balance old nature

C．that improved communications have changed history

D．that man is altering the balance of nature

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

_____from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A. Being separated                   B. Having separated

c. Having been separated                 D. To be separated

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Panda is one of      remaining endangered animals in the world.

A．The; The                  B．A; a                           C．The; a                       D．不填；the

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析