阅读下面材料，在空白处填入１个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Hannah, 14, h...

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入１个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Hannah, 14, had a science fair project last year 1.detailed mathematical analyses of musical tones were performed. The project qualified her to become a finalist in 2. ninth annual Broadcom MASTERS competition. Hannah's project was 3. (impress). After all, it allowed the girl 4. (make) it through a screening process that knocked out at least 2,200 other applicants.

Hannah 5. (play) the violin since she was eight. For her project, she asked a simple question: Does a high-cost violin produce 6. (good) music than an inexpensive one? To answer that, she turned to math, which she used to compare the tones 7. (produce) by different instruments.

The teen recorded the same notes on her smart phone as she played on different violins. Computer software then switched those recorded 8. ( sound) into graphs. This is the same sort of software that scientists use to analyze the songs of birds and whales. Hannah used these graphs to assess each violin's overall sound quality.

9.average, each of the eight most expensive violins that Hannah tested cost more than $8,000. The cheapest 16 averaged just a bit more than $ 1,250 each. Maybe it's no surprise, but the costliest instruments tended to produce better tones, Hannah found. Yet some low cost instruments sounded 10.(near) as good as the pricey violins.

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Recently a new science behind incentives（激励）, 　 1._ （include） in education, has been discussed．For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children 2._　 （do） better in school．__3._　 some cases, he gave students incentives based on input（输入）, like reading certain books, while in 　 4.___, the incentives 　 5.　 （base） on output, like results on exams．His main 　 __6._ （find） was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output．Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be 　　 7.____ （effect） because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”．Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over 　　 8.__　 they have much more control．

As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have 9.__ much higher chance of success．And it’s easier to start again 10._　　 you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do．

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Who are better at science in your class, girls or boys? These years, girls start to show more interest in the 1. (subject) of science, technology, engineering and Maths (STEM), according to a recent study from the UK.

In the study, every year over the last seven years, over 20,000 students 2. were in their final year in high school were surveyed. As for university courses, 3. number of girls considering choosing STEM subjects has a 4. (big) increase than that of boys. Over one-fifth of the girls surveyed said they were considering jobs 5. (relate) to STEM, such as engineers. And the interest in engineering and science has also risen.

This is an important change for women in the UK. But at present, there are not nearly as many women 6. men studying STEM subjects or working in the STEM fields. Only 13%～22% of people who graduate 7. university with STEM degrees are women. And women are seen only one in eight STEM jobs.

Are men really more suited to STEM work than women? Of course not. This is 8. (part) because of the conventional idea, which means many people think so, even though it is not correct.

“It is important that young women should 9. (encourage) to get into these jobs. In fact, STEM subjects are fun and exciting. Studying science can do 10. (we) good. It offers women chances of taking up fantastic careers and they will get higher pay in these areas,” said Niki Yates, manager of GSK’s business.

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There’s a science to setting goals．Below，we share some research-backed tips to help you carry out successful goals．

Choose a goal that matters，not just easy win．

A meaningful goal—1. 　　 that truly inspires you to change—requires going deeper．Think about what you want in the coming year, then ask yourself 2. 　　 you want that．For example，if you walk to quit3. 　　 (smoke), ask why do you want to quit? Then, if you want to quit for your health ask why do you want good health? Then，if your answer is to be alive long enough 4. 　　 (meet)your grandchildren，ask why do you want to meet your grandchildren?

Set up your goals positively．

How you describe your goal makes 5. 　　 big difference．Focusing on 6. 　　 you want to bring into your life wi11 make you more likely to7. 　　 (actual)pursue it.

Prepare for failure(in a good way)．

Moments of failure 8. 　　 (be)unavoidable，but most of us abandon the goal entirely when slight failures and setbacks start piling up．At the moment when you fail，often the first instinct(本能)is to push the goal away. It's so 9. 　　 (comfort)to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt．

Your task is not to avoid failures，10. 　　 to plan for them．Ask yourself, how am I likely to　 fail? For example，if you’re likely to choose unhealthy meals when you’re hungry, carry a light snack with you．

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Volunteering to help people in need combined 1. travelling to faraway places is 2. new trend in the travel industry. It is called voluntourism. People travel to other countries, learn languages and other cultures and gain new 3.(experience). Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism4. (be) one of the fastest-growing areas of tourism. More than l.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries. They work in orphanages(孤儿院), help build schools, assist in hospitals and do farming work in 5. (develop) countries. There are many reasons 6. people want to engage in voluntourism. Students see it as a gap year after school, while others 7. (simple) want to take time out from a job and do something else. However, some voluntourists do not see volunteering 8. what it is. They only think it is a cheap way 9. (travel) and don't really want to get 10.

(involve) in hard work.

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When I was young, I read many kinds of books, 　　 1.　　 (include) fairy tales. Most of the books described heroes who were handsome and heroines who were beautiful. So, I believed I had to be beautiful if I wanted to become a great person.

I grew up, I began to realize outer beauty was not so important 　　 2.　　 ( make ) someone good. I remember a friend of 　 3.　　 (I). She believed that she could do everything 　　 4.　　 　 she wanted because she was so beautiful, but she lost friends one by one. My poor friend! She learned a good lesson: inner beauty is　　 5.　　 (important) than outer beauty.

Whenever I see TV advertisements, I feel that these things make us 　　 6.　　 (believe) beauty is very important---especially physical attractiveness. Although we say that inner beauty is more 　　 7.　　 　　 (value), we often look for plastic surgery to make us more beautiful. There seems to be a boom in plastic surgery. It is 　　 8.　 (surprise) to realize the number of people who try it 　　 9.　　 increasing day 　　 by day.

So, what is real beauty? I want to say that inner beauty is　　 10.　　 real one because if someone has beauty in his soul, he looks like a really beautiful person.

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Some students who had graduated visited their university professor. The conversation soon turned into complaints about stress in work and life. To offer his guests coffee, the professor 　 1.　 (go) to the kitchen and returned with a pot of coffee and 　 2.　 variety of cups—porcelain, plastic, glass, some plain-looking, some expensive—telling them to help 　 3.　 to the coffee.

　 4.　 was when all the students had a cup of coffee in hand that he said, “All the nice-looking expensive cups have been taken up, 　 5.　 (leave) behind the plain and cheap ones. Actually, the cup itself adds no quality to the coffee. 　 6.　 all of you really want is coffee, not the cup.You consciously went for the best cups, 　 7.　 then you began eyeing others’ cups.”

“Now consider this Life is the coffee; the jobs, money and position in society are the cups, 　 8.　　 　 are just tools to hold and contain life. The type of cup we have does not change the quality of life . If we concentrate only 　 9.　 the cups, we fail to enjoy the coffee. I 　 10.　 (true) hope that you will never let the cups drive you ... enjoy the coffee instead.”

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Some students who had graduated visited their university professor. The conversation soon turned into1.(complain) about stress in work and life. 2.(offer) his guests coffee, the professor 3.(go) to the kitchen and returned with a pot of coffee and4.variety of cups—porcelain, plastic, glass, some plain-looking, some expensive—telling them to help themselves to the coffee.

It was when all the students had a cup of coffee in hand that he said, “All the nice-looking expensive cups have been taken up,5.(leave) behind the plain and cheap ones. Actually, the cup itself adds no quality 6.the coffee. What all of you really want7.(be) coffee, not the cup. You consciously went for the best cups, and then you began eyeing others’ cups.”

“Now consider this: Life is the coffee; the jobs, money and position in society are the cups,8.are just tools to hold and contain life. The type of cup we have does not change the quality of life . If we concentrate only on the cups, we fail 9.(enjoy) the coffee. I10.(true) hope that you will never let the cups drive you enjoy the coffee instead.”

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A few months 1.(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she 2.(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down.Ms.Heller offered to help her.The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, 3.(explain)that she was 70.But Ms.Heller was 71. “This woman felt every bit her age.”she recalled. “I don’t let age stop me.I need a good mood, really.I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I 4. (make)over the years.I’m only as old as I feel.”

Each of us has 5.actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays.But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel 6.(youth), while others do not.Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some 7.(connect)among them.People 8.a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend 9.(score) “younger”on these assessments.

When scientists ask,　 “How old do you feel, most of the time?”, the answer can reflect the state of people’s physical and mental health.The age given is a virtual one, 10.is called　 “subjective age.

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Facebook CEO Zuckerberg just had a baby girl named Max, and 　　 1.　　 (honor) the occasion, he's giving away the majority of his wealth. In the letter written by Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, to their new baby girl, he announced the birth of his first child and the ____2.　　 (create) of the Chan Zuckerberg Fund, 　　 3.　　 will focus on personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and 　　 4.　　 (build) strong communities.

“For your generation to live in 　　 5.　　 better world, there is so much more our generation can do,” Zuckerberg wrote. “Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges.” The couple 　 6.　　 (donate) nearly all of their Facebook stock to the cause. “We will give 99% of our Facebook shares － __7.　　 (current) about $45 billion － to advance this 　　 8.　　　 (value) mission,” he wrote. “We know this is a small contribution compared 　　 9.　　 all the resources and talents already working on these issues. 　　 10.　　 we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.”

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