What consumers expect when they see a food makes the palate（额）taste certain flavors. The strong associations between color and flavor are well established in the scientific community. Research on the subject dates back to the 1970s. For example, consumers expect yellow foods to be sour and black foods to be bitter.
Branding, packaging and color quality of the product itself play a big part in creating and maintaining expectations. Food brands have long understood this and worked to establish standards. Federal regulations grade the color of orange juice. Businesses provide color- matching services for companies to select the right color for a particular product. In some cases, color can overpower other senses and convince people they taste flavors that aren't there.
The Penn State researchers set out to confirm long-standing research into the relationship between color and taste. And they found what consumers see when they eat matters as much as—if not more than—what they taste, and the links could be more flexible than many thought in some cases.
"This might have potential impacts in the food industry if a company were to launch a new flavoured product with a color. Some consumers might not learn or accept a new color and flavor pairing（配对）as well as others Penn State Food Science doctoral candidate Molly J. Higgins said in a written statement.
Although it may be possible to completely change food colors, it may not be advisable. According to this study, 40% of consumers would be left behind, stuck on familiar patterns. That's a big risk for food brands to take. Consumers tend to want to know what they're in for when they select a product—and color is a big part of that. While it's interesting that consumer expectations of colors could change, the risk of unexpected colors is high for any company.
Many food brands rely on visual expectations to pull customers into unfamiliar products. A hamburger that copies the appearance and color of a beef patty （小馅饼）will cause a different reaction than a green-colored veggie（素食者）--dense alternative. But while today's consumers have expectations of flavors of items with different colors, they also have expectations that natural materials are used. While these materials are often preferable, they present a challenge. General Mills changed artificial dyes （染料）to natural ones in Trix cereal. Consumer anger followed. Many found the earthier tones depressing, despite no change in flavor. Chemicals and all, they wanted the original back. The company eventually switched back, choosing to treat color as being more important than other things.
1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as for creating and maintaining expectations for products?
A.Color quality. B.Branding.
C.Packaging. D.Shape.
2.What do Molly J. Higgins' words suggest in Para. 4?
A.An expected food color attracts consumers more.
B.Most people choose foods based on their colors.
C.Companies should release new products regularly.
D.Not all consumers welcome a new color-taste pairing.
3.Why is General Mills mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To stress the challenges facing food companies.
B.To stress the difficulty in using natural materials.
C.To stress the importance of color in food selection.
D.To stress the difference between color and taste.
4.What can be the theme of the text?
A.Why do foods have different colors?
B.How deep are color-taste associations?
C.What factors affect the flavors of food?
D.Do different colors mean different responses?
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
What consumers expect when they see a food makes the palate（额）taste certain flavors. The strong associations between color and flavor are well established in the scientific community. Research on the subject dates back to the 1970s. For example, consumers expect yellow foods to be sour and black foods to be bitter.
Branding, packaging and color quality of the product itself play a big part in creating and maintaining expectations. Food brands have long understood this and worked to establish standards. Federal regulations grade the color of orange juice. Businesses provide color- matching services for companies to select the right color for a particular product. In some cases, color can overpower other senses and convince people they taste flavors that aren't there.
The Penn State researchers set out to confirm long-standing research into the relationship between color and taste. And they found what consumers see when they eat matters as much as—if not more than—what they taste, and the links could be more flexible than many thought in some cases.
"This might have potential impacts in the food industry if a company were to launch a new flavoured product with a color. Some consumers might not learn or accept a new color and flavor pairing（配对）as well as others Penn State Food Science doctoral candidate Molly J. Higgins said in a written statement.
Although it may be possible to completely change food colors, it may not be advisable. According to this study, 40% of consumers would be left behind, stuck on familiar patterns. That's a big risk for food brands to take. Consumers tend to want to know what they're in for when they select a product—and color is a big part of that. While it's interesting that consumer expectations of colors could change, the risk of unexpected colors is high for any company.
Many food brands rely on visual expectations to pull customers into unfamiliar products. A hamburger that copies the appearance and color of a beef patty （小馅饼）will cause a different reaction than a green-colored veggie（素食者）--dense alternative. But while today's consumers have expectations of flavors of items with different colors, they also have expectations that natural materials are used. While these materials are often preferable, they present a challenge. General Mills changed artificial dyes （染料）to natural ones in Trix cereal. Consumer anger followed. Many found the earthier tones depressing, despite no change in flavor. Chemicals and all, they wanted the original back. The company eventually switched back, choosing to treat color as being more important than other things.
1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as for creating and maintaining expectations for products?
A.Color quality. B.Branding.
C.Packaging. D.Shape.
2.What do Molly J. Higgins' words suggest in Para. 4?
A.An expected food color attracts consumers more.
B.Most people choose foods based on their colors.
C.Companies should release new products regularly.
D.Not all consumers welcome a new color-taste pairing.
3.Why is General Mills mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To stress the challenges facing food companies.
B.To stress the difficulty in using natural materials.
C.To stress the importance of color in food selection.
D.To stress the difference between color and taste.
4.What can be the theme of the text?
A.Why do foods have different colors?
B.How deep are color-taste associations?
C.What factors affect the flavors of food?
D.Do different colors mean different responses?
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or apiece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A land of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals .
A. depend on one sense in choosing food
B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways
D. eat entirely different food
2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly
B. The small bird.
C. The bear.
D. The fox.
3.Certain animals change their choice of food when .
A. the season changes
B. the food color changes
C. they move to different places
D. they are attracted by different smells
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that .
A. food is chosen for a good reason
B. French and British food is good
C. some people have few choices of food
D. some people care little about healthy diet
5.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Animals often use senses to eat their food
B. Most animals have a more varied diet.
C. All animals spend their lives eating one type of food.
D. The diet of birds and fox will be the same depending on the season
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
What makes online shopping so popular is it shortens the distance between manufacturers and consumers.
A .how B. that
C. whether D. why
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
What makes online shopping so popular is it shortens the distance between manufacturers and consumers．
A.how B. that C. whether D. why
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type.The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals ________.
A. depend on one sense in choosing food
B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways.
D. eat entirely different food
2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird.
C. The bear D. The fox
3.Certain animals change their choice of food when ______.
A. the season changes
B. The food color changes
C. They move to different places
D. They are attracted by different smells.
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that _____.
A. food is chosen for a good reason.
B. Some people care little about healthy diet
C. some people have few choices of food
D. French and British food is good.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many animals recognise their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different sense, to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses. while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda (大熊猫) eats only one particular type of bamboo (竹子). Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly (蝴蝶) will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet (多样化饮食). The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health, Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals - —.
A. depend on one sense in choosing food
B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways
D. eat entirely different food
2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird. C. The bear. D. The fox.
3.Certain animals change their choice of food when _________
A. the season changes B. the food color changes
C. they move to different places D. they are attracted by different smells
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that -— —
A. food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good
C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.
A. depend on one sense in choosing food B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways D. eat entirely different food
2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird.
C. The bear. D. The fox.
3.Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.
A. the season changes B. the food color changes
C. they move to different places D. they are attracted by different smells
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A. food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good
C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.
A. depend on one sense in choosing food B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways D. eat entirely different food
2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird.
C. The bear. D. The fox.
3.Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.
A. the season changes B. the food color changes
C. they move to different places D. they are attracted by different smells
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A. food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good
C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.
A. depend on one sense in choosing food B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways D. eat entirely different food
2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird.
C. The bear. D. The fox.
3.Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.
A. the season changes B. the food color changes
C. they move to different places D. they are attracted by different smells
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A. food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good
C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Many animals recognize their food because they see it．So do humans．When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate，you know that these are things you can eat．You can also use other senses when you choose your food．You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good．You may dislike some types of food because they do not look，smell or taste very nice．Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food．A few animals depend on only one of their senses，while most animals use more than one sense．
Although there are many different types of food，some animals spend their lives eating only one type．The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo f竹子)．Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice．A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage，even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden．However，most animals have a more varied diet(多样化饮食)．The bear eats fruits and fish．The fox eats small animals，birds and fruits．The diet of these animals will he different depending on the season．
Humans have a very varied diet．We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us．In countries such as France and Britain．people eat foods with too much sugar．This makes them overweight，which is bad for their health．Eating too much red meat and animal products，such as butter, can also be bad for the health．Choosing the fight food，therefore，has become an area of study in modem life．
1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals．
A．eat entirely different food
B．are not satisfied with their food
C．choose food in similar ways
D．depend on one sense in choosing food
2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A．The white butterfly
B．The small bird
C．The bear
D．The fox
3.Certain animals change their choice of food when
A．they are attracted by different smells
B．the food color changes
C．they move to different places
D．the season changes
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that
A．food is chosen for a good reason
B．French and British food is good
C．some people have few choices of food
D．some people care little about healthy diet
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析