The research from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that food allergies ( 过 敏 ) in children have increased about 50 percent. Common symptoms of allergic responses include itchy mouth, throat tightening, and difficulties in breathing.
Food allergy is a medical condition of exposure to certain foods. It occurs when the immune system attacks the protein in food that in normal cases is harmless. According to reports, more than 170 foods cause allergic reactions. The major food allergens are in eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, tree nuts, and crustacean shellfish.
There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies. The food being produced these days is high in sugar, unhealthy fats, genetically modifies and some food farms have pesticides ( 农 药 ) and other food have been injected drugs. All this can have a negative impact on our microbiome (微生物群), which is the basis of good health and immunity.
In a study comparing two children, a 15-year-old who lived in urban Italy and a 14-year-old child from rural Africa, it clearly showed a significant difference in the diversity of bacteria in their guts. The reason lies in their diet. The child from rural Africa has his diet low in fat and rich in plant-based foods which are grown and harvested locally by villagers. In contrast, the Italian kid’s diet was rich in animal protein, sugar then low in fiber. Ultimately, the microbiome of the kid from Italy was less than that of the kid from Africa.
Besides, the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’ suggests that decreased exposure to microbes in early life can lead to an increased chance of allergies in later life, because of individuals not having built up immunity at a young age.
Yet another reason for the explosion in allergies may be environmental changes. The environment has seen a rise in temperature and is estimated that in the coming decades the temperature could rise even further by 10 degrees. As a result of this warm climate, the growing seasons will be longer, increasing allergen count thus making allergies even worse. According to scientists, climate change is a contributing factor that needs immediate attention.
Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors.
Food allergies have no cure but can be managed by avoiding food that brings the reactions. Scientists are studying food allergies medical methods for general use. They are all trying to actively understand a certain part of the puzzle when it comes to allergies.
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Scientists have found an effective method to solve food allergies.
B.There could be many reasons that combine to lead to food allergies.
C.Environmental changes are the most important reason for food allergies.
D.To decrease children’s allergies, we should make them eat less every day.
2.In paragraph 4, the two children are mentioned to show that
A.pesticides have bad effects on people’s food
B.a person’s daily diet can affect his microbiome
C.food allergies have no cure but can be avoided
D.climate change is another factor for food allergies
3.What is the main purpose of this passage?
A.To explain the causes of food allergies.
B.To stress the influences of food allergies.
C.To introduce the solutions to food allergies.
D.To tell people the symptoms of food allergies.
4.What’s the author’s attitude to the treatment of food allergies?
A.Indifferent. B.Positive.
C.Doubtful. D.Critical.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
The research from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that food allergies ( 过 敏 ) in children have increased about 50 percent. Common symptoms of allergic responses include itchy mouth, throat tightening, and difficulties in breathing.
Food allergy is a medical condition of exposure to certain foods. It occurs when the immune system attacks the protein in food that in normal cases is harmless. According to reports, more than 170 foods cause allergic reactions. The major food allergens are in eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, tree nuts, and crustacean shellfish.
There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies. The food being produced these days is high in sugar, unhealthy fats, genetically modifies and some food farms have pesticides ( 农 药 ) and other food have been injected drugs. All this can have a negative impact on our microbiome (微生物群), which is the basis of good health and immunity.
In a study comparing two children, a 15-year-old who lived in urban Italy and a 14-year-old child from rural Africa, it clearly showed a significant difference in the diversity of bacteria in their guts. The reason lies in their diet. The child from rural Africa has his diet low in fat and rich in plant-based foods which are grown and harvested locally by villagers. In contrast, the Italian kid’s diet was rich in animal protein, sugar then low in fiber. Ultimately, the microbiome of the kid from Italy was less than that of the kid from Africa.
Besides, the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’ suggests that decreased exposure to microbes in early life can lead to an increased chance of allergies in later life, because of individuals not having built up immunity at a young age.
Yet another reason for the explosion in allergies may be environmental changes. The environment has seen a rise in temperature and is estimated that in the coming decades the temperature could rise even further by 10 degrees. As a result of this warm climate, the growing seasons will be longer, increasing allergen count thus making allergies even worse. According to scientists, climate change is a contributing factor that needs immediate attention.
Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors.
Food allergies have no cure but can be managed by avoiding food that brings the reactions. Scientists are studying food allergies medical methods for general use. They are all trying to actively understand a certain part of the puzzle when it comes to allergies.
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Scientists have found an effective method to solve food allergies.
B.There could be many reasons that combine to lead to food allergies.
C.Environmental changes are the most important reason for food allergies.
D.To decrease children’s allergies, we should make them eat less every day.
2.In paragraph 4, the two children are mentioned to show that
A.pesticides have bad effects on people’s food
B.a person’s daily diet can affect his microbiome
C.food allergies have no cure but can be avoided
D.climate change is another factor for food allergies
3.What is the main purpose of this passage?
A.To explain the causes of food allergies.
B.To stress the influences of food allergies.
C.To introduce the solutions to food allergies.
D.To tell people the symptoms of food allergies.
4.What’s the author’s attitude to the treatment of food allergies?
A.Indifferent. B.Positive.
C.Doubtful. D.Critical.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently reported that all regions of the country are experiencing raised levels of flu activity, 1. (indicate) that flu season is here. In fact, the CDC estimates (评估)that there have already been 2.6 million flu illnesses, 1,300 deaths, including 2. (child), from the flu.
This is a reminder of the power of the influenza virus. Americans need to be 3. (full) prepared for the rest of peak season, 4. will continue into next year. There is still plenty of time for people 5. (receive) the annual flu shot.
Due 6. the nature of the vaccine (疫苗).it takes a few weeks to build up immunity (免疫力)and offer full protection. Remember: Flu 7. (regard) as the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S.
Currently. 37 states and Puerto Rico are experiencing widespread or regional flu activity, including New York. California. Maryland and so on. Last flu season, as many as 43 million people were infected with the influenza virus, with 650.000 hospitalized and 61.000 deaths. The previous year, we experienced one of the 8. （bad） seasons in modern history. with nearly 80.000 Americans dying and 49 million infected. You only have to look at the history of this virus io know we have 9. long way to go before the worst of this flu season 10. （be） behind us.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
As A/H1N1 continues to spread, experts from the Centers for Disease Control to the World Health Organization to neighborhood doctors are calling on the people to practice smart flu prevention techniques. Here are some tips to keep body improved and immune（免疫）system ready to fight infection.
Wash Your Hands
And wash them often, in hot soapy water, and for the amount of time it takes you to sing “Happy Birthday” twice.
Get Enough Sleep
This means slightly different things to different people, but try to get 8 hours of good rest each night to keep your immune system in top flu-fighting shape.
Keep Hydrated
Drink enough water each day to clear poisonous matter from your system and keep up good moisture（湿度）production in your body.
Eat Immune-Improving Foods
Keeping you body strong and ready to fight infection is important in flu prevention. Fatty foods can slow your metabolism（新陈代谢）, make you feel inactive, and weaken your immune
system. So stick with whole grains, colorful vegetables, and vitamin-rich fruits.
Avoid Alcohol
Alcohol is likely to decrease your resistance to infections and further damages the immune system. So avoid alcoholic drinks to keep your immune system strong.
—————————————？
Proper exercise-for example walking for 30-40 minutes 3-4 times a week-supports the immune system by increasing circulation, oxygenating the body, removing poisonous material through sweat, and reducing tension and stress. So get moving!
Avoid Contact with Sick People
If you’re coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth(and then wash your hands),and if you have to be around someone who is sick, try to stay a few feet away from them and avoid physical contact.
Know When to Get Help
A/H1N1 can look like regular flu, so don’t feel like you necessarily are infected if you’re exhibiting flu-like symptoms（症状）. But do go to your doctor if you live in an area where there are recorded cases, or if your symptoms are very serious.
1.To fight A/H1N1 infection, it’s helpful for us to_______ .
| A．sing “Happy Birthday” while washing hands |
| B．eat more fatty foods and colorful fruits |
| C．keep away from alcoholic drinks |
| D．refuse communication with patients |
2.A suitable title for paragraph 7 might be _______.
| A．Support the Immune System | B．Keep Physically Active |
| C．Get Enough Sweat | D．Walk to Reduce Stress |
3.The passage seems to suggest that we should_______.
| A．get enough sleep after eating fatty foods |
| B．wash hands with soap after a cough or sneeze |
| C．drink more water after drinking alcohol |
| D．see a doctor immediately if you have flu-like symptoms |
4.What can help clear poisonous matter from the body?
| A．Washing your hands. | B．Eating fatty foods. |
| C．Getting enough sleep. | D．Drinking enough water. |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Did you get a flu shot this year？For the first time，the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children aged from 6 months to 18 years receive the flu vaccine.
Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.A weakened form of the germ (病菌) is introduced into the body.The body makes special substances called antibodies (抗体) to fight the germs.If the actual germs were to attack，the antibodies would fight.Because there are many kinds of flu viruses，scientists must create a new vaccine formula (处方) each year.Researchers must make a prediction.
It is like forecasting the weather.Sometimes they are right on，and sometimes they are off.But even when the vaccine does not closely match circulating flu types，it can make the illness less serious.
“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小儿麻痹症) vaccine or the measles vaccine，” says Dr.William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.“It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.”
But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone.There are certain people who should be careful about taking it，because the vaccine is produced in eggs.Those who are allergic (过敏的) to eggs should not take it.If you have a fever，you should wait until you recover.
Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot.Scientists say that it is not possible，because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated.But some minor side effects such as lowgrade fever and body ache could occur.If they do，they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.
Did you know？Smallpox was the first disease people tried to prevent by putting a virus into a healthy person.In 1796，English scientist Edward Jenner placed some infected material under a boy’s skin.
1.The underlined word “vaccine” (in Para.1) refers to________.
A．virus used for fighting against disease
B．antibody to fight the germs
C．formula to fight against disease
D．germ to be injected into the body
2.By saying “It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.” (in Para.4)，William Schaffner means the flu vaccine________.
A．is as effective as the polio and the measles vaccines
B．is worse，compared with the polio and the measles vaccines
C．does help to make illness less serious
D．is quite good because it works for everyone
3.We can infer from the passage that________.
A．those who are not allergic to eggs can take the flu vaccine
B．not all the flu vaccines are effective for everyone
C．you should go to a doctor if you have a fever after taking the flu vaccine
D．it is possible that some people might get the flu from the flu shot
4.When people take the flu vaccine，________.
A．they’ll be allergic to eggs
B．their bodies will ache for 5 days
C．they probably have a low fever
D．they won’t catch a flu ever after
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has detailed 1. (instruction) on how hand-washing should go.
First, wash your hands with clean running water, turn off the tap to save water and apply soap 2. your hands. The temperature doesn’t matter, but using warm water is usually better for your comfort. Then, rub your hands together 3. (make) a lather (泡沫), and make sure to lather the backs of your hands, between your fingers and under your fingernails.
This is 4. many people fall short: You should be washing your hands for at least 20 seconds. Evidence 5. ( suggest) that you can remove more germs (病菌) from your hands for this amount of time while 6. (wash) your hands.
Next, wash your hands well under clean water, and dry them using a clean towel 7. a hand drier.
If you’ve been washing your hands 8.(different), that’s okay. Anything is 9. (good) than nothing. But still, doing it the right way keeps yourself and those around you 10. (health).
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
_______ more effective measures put in place, the disease has been brought _______ control.
A. For; beyond B. For; under C. With; beyond D. With; under
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Animal experimentation is the backbone (支柱，基础) of American research and treatment of disease. Each year, 17 million to 22 million animals are sacrificed in the name of science. While 90 percent of them are rats and mice, 180,000 dogs, 50,000 cats, 61,000 monkeys and 554,000 rabbits are done away with in laboratories operated by industry and government.
But the public has raised an outcry (抗议) over these deaths. Spurred vivid reports of cruelty, the animal rights movement is made up of 7,000 organizations with 10 million members. They've documented cases in which monkeys were isolated in steel tanks for 45 days and dogs were bombarded (轰击、辐射) with radiation or chemicals until they bled from the mouth.
Scientists say such incidents are rare. Laws have been passed to govern testing. Many research centers now have committees to review all proposed animal experiments, and computers can be used in place of animals in many experiments. But scientists say they can't do without animals to test new drugs and treatments on animals to make sure they're safe for humans. Animal experiments produced vaccines (疫苗) or treatments for diseases such as diabetes (糖尿病), and techniques used in open heart surgery. They're important to efforts to find a treatment for AIDS.
Animal rights activists have shown they will go to almost any length (奉陪到底). One New York researcher received more than 10,000 protest letters following publicity of her experiments in which she gave drugs to monkeys. The researcher was studying drug addiction. A protester was arrested in Connecticut for placing a pipe bomb outside a company that used animals in tests. After fires and break-ins, many labs have bought electronic locks and alarms for protection. Other targets of the animal rights movement are the fur industry, farms, and school biology classes in which children dissect (解剖) frogs.
The movement has scored some successes. A dozen states no longer allow pounds (兽栏) ── places that accept dogs and cats that have no homes ── to sell animals to scientists. Scientists claim the cost of their work will rise as a result.
The battle between scientists and activists raises a basic question: Can modern society be both humane (仁慈的) in its treatment of living things and advanced in its treatment of disease? It seems certain there will be new restrictions placed on the use of animals in scientific experiments.
1.The main idea of the article is ________.
A.fewer animals should be taken to laboratories
B.Americans are questioning the use of animals in experiments
C.mice and rats make the best subjects for experiments
D.scientific experiments can be carried out without animals
2.Animal experiments will probably continue because ________.
A.scientists insist they are harmless
B.the groups that oppose them aren't very big or powerful
C.they are critical for understanding and curing human disease
D.there are enough regulations to protect animals from abuse
3.Proponents (支持者) of animal rights are most convincing when they ________.
A.explode bombs at laboratories that conduct scientific tests
B.point out the diseases that have been cured by scientists
C.treat their own pets kindly
D.give examples of animals that were mistreated in labs
4.The animal rights movement is ________.
A.not very successful in passing laws to protect animals
B.trying many different approaches to accomplish its goals
C.more interested in protecting dogs than in protecting mice
D.supported mostly by people who dislike scientists
5.Scientists will be satisfied only if ________.
A.they can continue using animals in their experiments
B.the animal rights movement comes to an end
C.they install locks and alarms on their labs
D.their supply of animals is increased significantly
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A decade-long study, also the first major research into air pollution and disease has shown that living near a main road increases the risk of dementia(痴呆). The study of 6.6 million people found that one in 10 dementia deaths in people living within 50 metres of a busy road was due to waste gas and noise.
Air pollution is already known to contribute to the deaths of around 40,000 people in Britain each year by worsening breathing and heart conditions, while previous research showed emissions (排放物) can cause brain shrinkage. But the new study by Canadian public health scientists is the first to find a link between living close to heavy traffic and the increasing of dementia, a discovery described as "believable" and "impressive" by British experts.
Dr Hong Chen said. "Our study suggests that busy roads could be a source of environmental stressors that could give rise to the onset of dementia. Population growth and urbanization has placed many people close to heavy traffic, and with widespread exposure to heavy traffic and growing rates of dementia, even a modest effect from near-road exposure could cause a large public health burden. More research to understanding this link is needed, particularly into the effects of different aspects of traffic, such as air pollutants and noise."
In the new study, the team tracked all adults aged between 20 and 85 living in Ontario for more than a decade from 2001 to 2012. They used postcodes to determine how close people lived to a main road and analyzed medical records to see if they went on to develop dementia, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化).
While there was no correlation between living near a road and Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis, dementia risk reduced as people lived further from a main road, with a 7 percent higher risk in developing dementia among those living within 50 metres; a 4 percent higher risk at 50-100 metres and a 2 percent higher risk at 101-200 metres. After 200 metres there was no increase. Researchers believe that noise of traffic may also play a role in the raised risk as well as other urban pollution, which is often present near busy roads.
1.What can we know about Canadian's new study?
A. British experts think highly of it.
B. It brings benefits to dementia patients.
C. It shows that air production is very serious.
D. It shows that air pollution can cause brain shrinkage.
2.What Dr Hong Chen said showed that______.
A. people are diagnosed with dementia mainly due to air pollution
B. widespread exposure to traffic will reduce the risk of having dementia
C. the link between living near roads and having dementia was not obvious
D. busy roads could be a source of environmental stressors that caused dementia to increase
3.What does the underlined the word ‘correlation’ mean?
A. Change. B. Improvement.
C. Association. D. Secret
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Living near a main road adds to the risk of noise.
B. Living beyond 300 metres of a main road is safe for people.
C. Living within 200 metres of a main road has a lower risk of having dementia.
D. The further people live away from heavy traffic, the smaller the risk of having dementia.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
When it ______ research into heart disease and its effects on the body, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.
A. refers to B. related to C. comes to D. talks to
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
When ______ comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析