In some islands north of Scotland, if head lice (头虱) left their host, he became sick and feverish. Therefore, sick people had lice put in their hair intentionally. There was a method in their madness： As soon as the lice had settled in again, the patient improved. The story explains the confusion of cause and effect. If the lice leave the sick host, it is because he has a fever and they simply get hot feet，and when the fever breaks，they return. Such false causality (假因果关系）misleads us every day.
Consider the headline: “Fact: Women Who Use Shampoo XYZ Every Day Have Stronger Hair.” It says very little -- least of all, that the shampoo makes your hair stronger. It might simply be the other way round: women with strong hair tend to use Shampoo XYZ -- and perhaps that’s because it says “especially for thick hair” on the bottle.
Another example: Scientists found that long periods in the hospital did harm to patients. But, clearly, patients who are dismissed immediately are healthier than those who must stay on for treatment.
Recently I read that students get better grades at school if their homes contain many books. This study was surely a shot in the arm for booksellers, but it was also false causality. This simple truth is that educated parents tend to value their children's education more than uneducated ones do, and they often have more books at home. In short, a dust-covered copy War and Peace alone isn't going to influence anyone's grades; what counts is parents' education levels, as well as their genes.
There was also the supposed relationship between the birth rate and the numbers of stork (鹳）pairs in Germany. Both were in decline, and if you plot (描绘） them on a graph (曲线图)，the two lines of development from 1965 to 1987 appeared almost the same. Does this mean the storks actually bring babies? Obviously not. This was a purely accidental connection.
In conclusion: Connection is not causality. Take a closer look at linked events: Sometimes what is presented as the cause turns out to be the effect, or just the other way round， and sometimes there is no link at all -- just like with storks and babies.
1.According to the first paragraph, people in some islands north of Scotland _________.
A. found a way to get rid of head lice
B. used an effective method to keep flt
C. made head lice a part of their life
D. died due to infections with head lice
2.Which is an example of false causality?
A. Women with strong hair tend to use a certain shampoo.
B. The birth rate and the stork population are connected.
C. Longer periods in the hospital benefit patients.
D. Lice can make a person sick and feverish.
3.The underlined phrase “ a shot in the arm” in Paragraph 4 means _______.
A. pain B. defeat
C. guidance D. encouragement
4.According to the author, students get better grades probably because ______.
A. their homes are full of books
B. they have read War and Peace
C. their educated parents value education
D. their parents are successful booksellers
5.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _______.
A. connection arc pure accidents
B. cause and effect are interdependent
C. connections are mostly cause and effect
D. linked events may turn out to be unrelated
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
In some islands north of Scotland, if head lice (头虱) left their host, he became sick and feverish. Therefore, sick people had lice put in their hair intentionally. There was a method in their madness： As soon as the lice had settled in again, the patient improved. The story explains the confusion of cause and effect. If the lice leave the sick host, it is because he has a fever and they simply get hot feet，and when the fever breaks，they return. Such false causality (假因果关系）misleads us every day.
Consider the headline: “Fact: Women Who Use Shampoo XYZ Every Day Have Stronger Hair.” It says very little -- least of all, that the shampoo makes your hair stronger. It might simply be the other way round: women with strong hair tend to use Shampoo XYZ -- and perhaps that’s because it says “especially for thick hair” on the bottle.
Another example: Scientists found that long periods in the hospital did harm to patients. But, clearly, patients who are dismissed immediately are healthier than those who must stay on for treatment.
Recently I read that students get better grades at school if their homes contain many books. This study was surely a shot in the arm for booksellers, but it was also false causality. This simple truth is that educated parents tend to value their children's education more than uneducated ones do, and they often have more books at home. In short, a dust-covered copy War and Peace alone isn't going to influence anyone's grades; what counts is parents' education levels, as well as their genes.
There was also the supposed relationship between the birth rate and the numbers of stork (鹳）pairs in Germany. Both were in decline, and if you plot (描绘） them on a graph (曲线图)，the two lines of development from 1965 to 1987 appeared almost the same. Does this mean the storks actually bring babies? Obviously not. This was a purely accidental connection.
In conclusion: Connection is not causality. Take a closer look at linked events: Sometimes what is presented as the cause turns out to be the effect, or just the other way round， and sometimes there is no link at all -- just like with storks and babies.
1.According to the first paragraph, people in some islands north of Scotland _________.
A. found a way to get rid of head lice
B. used an effective method to keep flt
C. made head lice a part of their life
D. died due to infections with head lice
2.Which is an example of false causality?
A. Women with strong hair tend to use a certain shampoo.
B. The birth rate and the stork population are connected.
C. Longer periods in the hospital benefit patients.
D. Lice can make a person sick and feverish.
3.The underlined phrase “ a shot in the arm” in Paragraph 4 means _______.
A. pain B. defeat
C. guidance D. encouragement
4.According to the author, students get better grades probably because ______.
A. their homes are full of books
B. they have read War and Peace
C. their educated parents value education
D. their parents are successful booksellers
5.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _______.
A. connection arc pure accidents
B. cause and effect are interdependent
C. connections are mostly cause and effect
D. linked events may turn out to be unrelated
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
…Are there any CDs of Adele left in the store?
一There are only a few， ．
A．if ever B．if any
C．if some D．if not
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
So there are four of them in this car heading north from Coleman in the heart of Texas to the town of Abilene (阿比林), some 53 miles away. It is a hot day, and the drive is dusty and boring. Someone has had the bright idea to interrupt a nice family game of dominoes (多米诺) to go on a four-hour round-trip to eat at a really not very good restaurant.
When they are back home again, one family member admits that she hasn’t enjoyed herself all that much. One by one they all confess that they would rather have stayed at home. “I only went along with it because I thought the rest of you wanted to go,” says everyone. No one wanted to go to Abilene. It had just happened.
This story was first told by Professor Jerry Harvey in an article published in 1974 called The Abilene Paradox (悖论) and other meditations on management. It offers a wonderful insight into the way that decisions can sometimes just emerge, without ever being consciously “made”.
Whether they mean to or not, groups exert a pressure to conform (顺从). A senior management team can find itself a long way down the track to a bad decision without realizing that the idea has very little support around the table.
Close-knit (组织严密的) teams are easily influenced by the pull of groupthink. The late Professor Janis suggested several ways in which teams can avoid it. Two key steps are to invite experts from outside into meetings, and to appoint at least one person to the role of “devil’s advocate” — a role that should be played by different people in different meetings.
1.The four family members have decided to go on a four-hour round-trip to the town of Abilene because _______.
A．they really like the restaurant they are going to
B．they are tired of the game they have been playing
C．they have not been to Abilene for a long time
D．everyone thinks all the other family members want to go
2.When they are back home, they find that______.
A．they have not really trusted each other
B．they have all enjoyed the trip except one family member
C．they would have had a better time if they had stayed at home
D．they have all had a good time although none of them wanted to go
3.A senior management team can make a bad decision because ______.
A．the idea has the support of everyone around the table
B．everyone on the team is too tired to think clearly
C．the group puts a pressure to conform
D．they understand what each member means
4.According to Professor Janis, at least one person should be appointed to the role of “devil’s advocate ” at each meeting so that _______.
A．the pull of groupthink can be avoided
B．each member will play a different role
C．team members can agree with each other more easily
D．experts from the outside can be invited into meetings
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
GPS(全科医生)surgery in town of Tokoroa on the North Island has been looking for a junior doctor for two years with no takers so far although1.. A rural GP in New Zealand is offering a $400,000 annual income to try and attract a medic to share his work burden - but 2..
Dr. Alan Kenny co-owns a medical practice in the Waikato town of Tokoroa on the North Island - population 13,600. The GP - originally mTzxhec/ (招募)from the UK - told The New Zealand Herald his practice has unexploded” , but 3.and has repeatedly had to cancel holidays because they have difficulty in finding a replacement.
“I can offer them a really, really amazing income； it's unbelievable. My practice has exploded in the last year and the more patients you list, the more money you get. But 4. ,”Dr. Kenny said. Rural doctors are really hard to find in New Zealand.
A.he is over-working
B.his schedule is full
C.it just gets too much at the end of the day
D.it offers generous income
E.his practice has increased
F.after two years of searching the position remains unfilled
高三英语六选四中等难度题查看答案及解析
The black and white bird came ashore on a beach in the south of the North Island nearly 4,000 miles away from its usual habitat. The creature’s astonishing journey was witnessed by a woman walking her dog as the two-foot bird waddled out of the water in front of her. She said, “It was out of this world to see it. It was this glistening white thing standing up on the sand and I thought I was seeing things.” The tale of the lost penguin is similar to the 2006 children’s film Happy Feet, in which a young penguin finds himself far from home during a voyage of discovery.
Conservationists believe it has completed an incredible journey for such a young bird — it is estimated to be around 10 months old. The most likely explanation for its appearance in New Zealand is the hunt for food. Experts said it may also have rested on an ice floe (浮冰) during its travels and was carried north for a great distance before it made a swim for dry land. Colin Miskelly, a curator of New Zealand Museum, said, “They can spend months at a time in the ocean and come ashore only to moult (脱毛,换毛)or rest.” Mr. Miskelly said the brave bird would have to find its way back south soon if it was going to survive. He said, “It is probably hot and thirsty and has been eating wet sand.” “It doesn’t realize that the sand isn’t going to melt inside it because they typically eat snow — their only liquid.”
New Zealand residents have been warned to give the bird a wide berth — it can inflict (予以) painful bites if threatened.
1.Which of the following is True of Paragraph 1?
A．A young penguin found himself far from home during a voyage of moulting.
B．A creature’s astonishing journey was incredible in the north of the North Island.
C．A woman witnessed a 2 feet bird waddled in the children’s film while walking her dog.
D．A penguin came ashore on a beach thousands of miles away from its habitate.
2.Conservationists tend to explain that____________.
A．the young bird has completed a pleasant journey of 4,000 thousand miles
B．the young bird’s appearance in New Zealand is due to its hunt for food and delay of returning
C．the young bird comes ashore in New Zealand only to moult or rest during its voyage
D．the young bird is certain to be over 10 months old when it appears on a beach
3.What do we know about the penguin according to Mr. Miskelly?
A．The penguin could spend months at a time in the ocean and came ashore only to have young ones.
B．The young bird might have slept on an ice floe and could not swim for dry land.
C．The young penguin didn’t realize the sand wasn’t going to melt inside it like snow it eats.
D．The brave bird would have to find its way back north soon if it was going to survive.
4.What does the underlined part mean in the last sentence?
A．The residents should keep well away from it when they want to watch the young penguin.
B．Some people do not realize the danger of the young bird and they are expected to touch it.
C．New Zealand residents want to keep the young bird but it wants to leave the shore.
D．If the local people threatened the young bird, it would do harm to other birds nearby. .
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Yin Ping military attack on North Island was turned into ______ sea of fire in ______ disputed waters near North Korea.
A. a; the B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Some tourists’ visiting Tian’anmen Square during the holiday left a ________ of litter everywhere they went.
A. trail B. dot C. chain D. track
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Where does the Thames go in the end?
A. The south of the country. B. The North Sea. C. The west of the country.
高三英语短对话简单题查看答案及解析
Hundreds of years ago，a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, loved their country very much. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland, but there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.
One night, the leader of Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. “We will rest here tonight, my men,” he said. “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win or we will die.”
They were all very tired, so they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, and one by one, they fell asleep.
The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they climbed up the hillside, taking care not to make a sound. Closer and closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more，the war would be over. Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a moment，they were on their feet and ready for a battle. The fighting was hard but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved their country.
The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people like it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.
1.The result of the war is that ________.
A.the Scots defeated the Romans
B.the Romans killed all the Scots
C.the Scots were defeated
D.the Scots were driven out of Scotland
2.At the shout of a Roman soldier, all the Scots who were asleep at the hill ________.
A.woke and rose immediately, ready to fight
B.put their feet into their shoes at once and were ready to fight
C.stood up without putting on their shoes and began to fight
D.began to fight the Romans hard
3.The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle ________.
A.gave them happiness
B.had so many sharp needles all over it
C.helped the Scots in wiping out the Romans
D.is lovely, though not beautiful
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The Shiants, remote, cliff-edged islands off the coast of Scotland are home to 350,000 seabirds. This is the starting point for National Geographic contributor Adam Nicolson’s new book, The Seabirds Cry. Celebrating 10 species in detail, he describes the unbelievable recovery of seabirds and the many adaptations that have enabled them to survive and navigate the oceans, while sounding a loud call for their conservation among severely falling numbers.
Speaking from his home in Sussex, England, Nicolson explains why guillemot (海雀) colonies are information exchange centers: how new research is showing that those long-distance travelers. The shearwaters, "smell" their way across the globe; and what we can do to support seabird populations.
National Geographic has just kicked off Year of the Bird with a cover story by Jonathan Franzen titled "Why Birds Matter ". The beginning of Year of the Bird is beneficial to birds. Nicolson said, "Ill ask you the same question-why? For me, these seabirds are symbols of uniqueness. There is so much on the land where the rest of the living world seems to be controlled by us, but when you go to seabird colonies, there is this pumping, loud and raging uniqueness. It's a glance of the untouched world. ”
“The reason why it's untouched is that, until recently, we have not controlled the oceans that the seabirds depend on. More of them have survived in greater numbers than most other creatures in the developed world, where huge amounts of the animal kingdom have been removed by us. And so one reason these birds matter is that they are symbols of what the world might be if we hadn't done so much damage to it. "He added.
“Seabirds also tend to disappear; they’re not reliably of our world, due to their migration and habits of life. Very deep in our consciousness is a sense that they are ambassadors from another world. And witnessing and feeling that is, I think, one of the great enlargers of life.” Nicolson explained.
1.What is the book The Seabirds Cry mainly about?
A. Seabirds on an island. B. The extinction of seabirds.
C. The importance of seabird. D. Seabirds in the author's hometown.
2.What can we learn from Nicolson’s speech?
A. The wisdom of seabirds. B. Ways to protect seabird.
C. Migration routes of seabirds. D. The harder situation of seabirds.
3.What does the underlined phrase "kicked off" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Watched out for B. Cut across
C. Expressed D. Started
4.Which is a lucky thing for seabirds in Nicolson’s view?
A. The sea is too large to be polluted.
B. The sea isn't entirely governed by humans.
C. The seabirds are able to fit the environment.
D. The seabirds are living in the developed world.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析