Researchers say they have developed technology that could predict heart attacks years before they happen. They report using mathematical systems to examine CT images of a patient’s heart. A CT scan uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed pictures of bones, organs and other tissue inside the body.
The new method was developed by researchers at the University of Oxford in England. A report on their study was published in the medical journal The Lancet. Also taking part in the study were teams from Germany and the US.
Most heart attacks result from a build-up of fatty tissue inside arteries（动脉）that carry blood from the heart to other areas of the body, thus blocking this flow of blood and causing a heart attack.
Currently, doctors use CT scans to learn when a sticky substance called plaque has already built up inside an artery. The new technology is designed to predict which arteries are at risk for future buildup.
The researchers reported using computers to examine CT scans to measure how much fat is present around heart arteries. That fat changes when an artery becomes affected, serving as an early warning system for heart attacks.
Charalambos, a professor at Oxford University, said he believes the research shows this method could be very effective in getting patients to take early steps to prevent future problems, adding that researchers had yet to estimate exactly how many heart attacks could be prevented. But he said he believes the technique could help identify between 20 to 30 percent of people at risk of having one.
He added that the new technology will make such predictions easier because it works together with existing CT technology. The research was based on two large, independent studies of 4,000 patients in Germany, and the US. A company with ties to Oxford University is developing a service to examine CT scans of patients around the world, Reuters reported.
1.What’s the aim of the new technology?
A. To predict ways to block fatty issues in heart arteries.
B. To provide detailed pictures of how arteries work.
C. To build computer models of the image of a heart.
D. To decide which arteries are likely to have fat built up.
2.When does a heart attack generally happen according to the text?
A. When the CT scan affects the flow of blood in the heart.
B. When fat around heart arteries blocks the flow of blood.
C. When a sticky material flows into an artery near the heart.
D. When bones and organs of the body begin to be weak.
3.What is an early warning for heart attacks?
A. A change of fat happening around heart arteries.
B. The finding of a sticky material in the blood.
C. The presence of fat around the bones and organs.
D. The aging and failure of arteries near the heart.
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A. The harm of fat build-up to heart arteries.
B. The use of CT scans to prevent of heart attacks.
C. Research into the early warning of heart attacks.
D. The warning the body gives about heart attacks.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Researchers say they have developed technology that could predict heart attacks years before they happen. They report using mathematical systems to examine CT images of a patient’s heart. A CT scan uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed pictures of bones, organs and other tissue inside the body.
The new method was developed by researchers at the University of Oxford in England. A report on their study was published in the medical journal The Lancet. Also taking part in the study were teams from Germany and the US.
Most heart attacks result from a build-up of fatty tissue inside arteries（动脉）that carry blood from the heart to other areas of the body, thus blocking this flow of blood and causing a heart attack.
Currently, doctors use CT scans to learn when a sticky substance called plaque has already built up inside an artery. The new technology is designed to predict which arteries are at risk for future buildup.
The researchers reported using computers to examine CT scans to measure how much fat is present around heart arteries. That fat changes when an artery becomes affected, serving as an early warning system for heart attacks.
Charalambos, a professor at Oxford University, said he believes the research shows this method could be very effective in getting patients to take early steps to prevent future problems, adding that researchers had yet to estimate exactly how many heart attacks could be prevented. But he said he believes the technique could help identify between 20 to 30 percent of people at risk of having one.
He added that the new technology will make such predictions easier because it works together with existing CT technology. The research was based on two large, independent studies of 4,000 patients in Germany, and the US. A company with ties to Oxford University is developing a service to examine CT scans of patients around the world, Reuters reported.
1.What’s the aim of the new technology?
A. To predict ways to block fatty issues in heart arteries.
B. To provide detailed pictures of how arteries work.
C. To build computer models of the image of a heart.
D. To decide which arteries are likely to have fat built up.
2.When does a heart attack generally happen according to the text?
A. When the CT scan affects the flow of blood in the heart.
B. When fat around heart arteries blocks the flow of blood.
C. When a sticky material flows into an artery near the heart.
D. When bones and organs of the body begin to be weak.
3.What is an early warning for heart attacks?
A. A change of fat happening around heart arteries.
B. The finding of a sticky material in the blood.
C. The presence of fat around the bones and organs.
D. The aging and failure of arteries near the heart.
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A. The harm of fat build-up to heart arteries.
B. The use of CT scans to prevent of heart attacks.
C. Research into the early warning of heart attacks.
D. The warning the body gives about heart attacks.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers at Oxford University say they have developed a new method that could predict heart attacks years before they happen. They use mathematical algorithms(演算法)to examine CT images of a patient's heart. One report on their study has been published in the medical journal The Lancet.
Most heart attacks result from a build-up of fatty tissue inside arteries(动脉)that carry blood from the heart to other areas of the body. Too much buildup can block this flow of blood and cause a heart attack. Currently, doctors use CT scans to learn when a sticky substance called plaque has already built up inside an artery. The new technology is designed to predict which arteries are at risk for future buildup. How much fat is present around heart arteries also can be measured. That fat changes when an artery becomes inflamed(发炎), serving as an early warning system for heart attacks.
Charalambos Antoniades, a professor of cardiovascula(心血管)medicine at Oxford University, believes the research shows this method could be very effective in getting patients to take early steps to prevent future problems.
“Say your arteries are inflamed and a narrowing will be developed five years down the line. So maybe you can start preventive measures to avoid this formation of plaques,” he said. “If you are able to identify inflammation in the arteries of the heart, then you can say which arteries will cause heart attacks.”
Antoniades added that researchers had yet to estimate exactly how many heart attacks could be prevented. But he said he believes the technique could help identify between 20 to 30 percent of people at risk of having one.
He added that the new technology will make such predictions easier because it works together with existing CT technology.
1.You can identify which arteries will cause heart attacks by .
A. locating where the inflamed arteries are
B. seeing a cardiovascular doctor
C. developing a new method to predict it
D. measuring how much fat is built up
2.This passage is probably from a .
A. medical textbook B. travel brochure
C. graduation paper D. science journal
3.What‟s Artoniades‟ attitude towards the new method?
A. Tolerant. B. Defensive. C. Critical. D. Favorable.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers at Sweden’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology say they have found further proof that the wolf ancestors of today’s dogs can be from southern East Asia -- findings that are contrary to theories placing the birth place in the Middle East. Dr Peter Savolainen, KTH researcher in evolutionary genetics, says a new study released Nov. 23 confirms that an Asian region south of the Yangtze River was the principal and probably the only region where wolves were domesticated（驯化）by humans.
Research data show clearly that dogs are descended from wolves, but there’s never been scientific agreement on where in the world the domestication process began. “Our analysis of Y-chromosomal（染色体）DNA now confirms that wolves were first domesticated in Asia south of Yangtze River -- we call it the ASY region -- in southern China or Southeast Asia,” Savolainen says.
The Y data supports previous evidence from mitochondrial（线粒体）DNA. “Taken together, the two studies provide very strong evidence that dogs appeared first in the ASY region,” Savolainen says.
Archaeological data and a genetic study recently published in Nature suggest that dogs originate from the Middle East. But Savolainen rejects that view. “Because none of these studies included samples from the ASY region, evidence from ASY has been overlooked,” he says.
Peter Savolainen and PhD student Mattias Oskarsson worked with Chinese colleagues to analyse DNA from male dogs around the world. Their study was published in the scientific journal Heredity.
Approximately half of the gene pool was universally shared everywhere in the world, while only the ASY region had the entire range of genetic diversity. “This shows that gene pools in all other regions of the world most probably originate from the ASY region,” Savolainen says.
“Our results confirm that Asia south of the Yangtze River was the most important -- and probably the only -- region for wolf domestication, and that a large number of wolves were domesticated,” says Savolainen.
In separate research published recently in Ecology and Evolution, Savolainen, PhD student Arman Ardalan and Iranian and Turkish scientists conducted a comprehensive study of mitochondrial DNA, with a particular focus on the Middle East. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother in most species, it is especially useful in studying evolutionary relationships.
“Since other studies have indicated that wolves were domesticated in the Middle East, we wanted to be sure nothing had been missed. We find no signs whatsoever that dogs originated there,” says Savolainen.
In their studies, the researchers also found minor genetic contributions from crossbreeding between dogs and wolves in other geographic regions, including the Middle East.
“This subsequent dog/wolf hybridisation（混合淡化技术）contributed only modestly to the dog gene pool,” Savolainen explains.
1.What does Dr. Peter Savolainen believe?
A. Dogs’ ancestors came from the Middle East.
B. Wolves were probably first trained to work for humans in the ASY region.
C. Analysis of Y-chromosomal DNA should be combined with mitochondrial DNA.
D. Samples of the previous studies are enough to support the conclusion.
2.We can learn from the passage that _______.
A．there is a universal agreement on the place of first domestication
B．data from ASY may highlight where dogs came from
C．Dr. Savolainen’s research mainly focuses on the Middle East
D．the dog/wolf hybridization makes up most of the dog gene pool
3.What is special about mitochondrial DNA?
A．It is only used in studying evolutionary relationships.
B．It alone can provide hard evidence for Savolainen’s research.
C．It is the most useful in finding out the birth place of dogs.
D．It comes from the mother of most animals and plants.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Electrical devices(仪器)could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking , British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee. As the person walks ,the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this ,the device helps with the slowing sown movement of the leg, the movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also he used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers(起博器), it could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy, but the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version, An improved version should be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries; nearly twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania, He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag, but the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
1.. The second paragraph mainly talks about
A. who developed the device B. how the device works
C. several possible uses for the devices D. how much electricity the device can produce
2.. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?
A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear B. It is too complex for people to use
C. It is too expensive for most people to afford D. It will slow down one’s walking speed
3.. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device________
A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B. can produce more power in a much shorter time
C. needs to be equipped with a battery
D. can help the walker walk faster
4.. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can________
A. help housewives operate the washing machine
B. make it much easier for us to go online
C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D. be applied in medical fields to operate heart pacemakers
5.. What would be the best title for the passage
A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the market
B. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers
C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D Human energy will become a main source of electricity
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Electrical devices(仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers(起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version shou1d be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Near1y twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from wa1king.
The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
1.The second paragraph mainly talks about .
A. who developed the device
B. how the device works
C. several possible uses for the devices
D. how much electricity the device can produce
2.Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device .
A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B. can produce more power in a much shorter time
C. needs to be equipped with a battery
D. can help the walker wa1k faster
3.From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can .
A. help housewives operate the washing machine
B. make it much easier for us to go online
C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. First device powered by walking wi1l soon be on the market
B. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers
C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D. Human energy will become a main source of electricity
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
University of Pennsylvania researchers say that for the first time they have linked social media use to increases in depression and loneliness． The idea that social media is anything but social when it comes to mental health has been talked about for years， but not many studies have managed to actually link the two． To do that， Penn researchers， led by psychologist Melissa Hunt， designed a study that focused on WeChat， Snapchat and Instagram．
The study was conducted with 143 participants， who before they began， completed a mood survey and sent along photos of their battery screens， showing how often they were using their phones to access social media． "We set out to do a much more complete study which attempts to imitate real life．" Hunt said．
The study divided the participants into two groups： The first group was allowed to maintain their normal social media habits． The other， the control group， was restricted to 10 minutes per day on social media． The restrictions were put in place for three weeks and then the participants returned and were tested for outcomes such as fear of missing out， anxiety， depression and loneliness．
The results showed a very clear link between social media use and increased levels of depression and loneliness． "Using less social media than you normally do would lead to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness，" Hunt said．
Social media invites what Hunt calls "downward social comparison．" "When you're online， it can sometimes seem that everyone else is cooler and having more fun and included in more things and you're left out，" Hunt said． And that's just generally discouraging． "Every minute you spend online is a minute you are not doing your work or not meeting a friend for dinner or having a deep conversation with your roommate．" And these real life activities are the ones that can encourage self﹣esteem and self﹣worth， Hunt added．
"People are on their devices， and that's not going to change，" she said． But as in life， a bit of control goes a long way．
1.Before the study was conducted， the participants completed a survey to ．
A. imitate people's real life
B. link loneliness to depression
C. show their use of social media
D. prove social media is important
2.The results of the study showed using less social media would result in ．
A. people's fear of missing out
B. higher levels of depression
C. obvious relief in loneliness
D. lower levels of happiness
3.In Hunt's opinion， which activity benefits more to mental health？
A. Hiking out with friends．
B. Making comparison with others．
C. Playing computer games in spare time．
D. Logging onto social media and having fun．
4.Which can be the best title of the passage？
A. A Study on Social Media．
B. How to Improve Mental Health．
C. People Addicted to Social Media．
D. Social Media Influences Mental Health．
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.
1.Why was the system developed?
A.To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
B.To show the power of lightning.
C.To keep track of lightning deaths.
D.To protect people from lightning.
2.What is special about the system?
A.It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B.It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C.It used an effective method of collecting data.
D.It required low cost of predicting lightning.
3.What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?
A.Monitor lightning activity. B.Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C.Direct energy from lightning. D.Generate electricity with lightning.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.A System of Controlling Lightning B.A Method of Forecasting Lightning
C.A Theory of Employing Lightning D.A Model of Creating Lightning
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. It can strike between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. Since lightning carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. It is difficult to know exactly how many people die of lightning-related causes. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power failure, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires.
For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning. The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed. The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
“Once trained, the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement. “It can now be used anywhere.”
Amirhossein Mostajabi, a PhD student at the institute, said current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites. “Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” he said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. Scientists working on the Paris-based project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity. The idea is that powerful, ground-based lasers can be positioned in the sky to direct energy from lightning.
1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on?
A.The cause of lightning. B.The forming process of lighnting.
C.The destruction of lightning. D.The difficulty to count the deaths.
2.Which is the correct order of how the system works?
① develop a prediction model.
② learn to recognize weather conditions.
③ collect related data.
④ input the data onto the computer.
⑤ make predictions.
A.①→②→③→④→⑤ B.③→④→①→②→⑤
C.①→②→④→③→⑤ D.③→①→②→⑤→④
3.What’s the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology’s attitude toward the system?
A.Satisfied. B.Doubtful.
C.Negative. D.Neutral.
4.The advantage of the new system for collecting data lies in its .
A.accuracy B.efficiency
C.wide coverage D.reliability
5.What does the Paris-based project aim to do?
A.Identify lighting. B.Predict lighting.
C.Stop lighting. D.Control lighting.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
As taxpayers, they felt that they could no longer tolerate ___ a say in the government．
A．not to have B．not having C．having not D．to have not
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
A technology company is developing a lie detector app for smartphones that could be used by parents, teachers—and even Internet daters.
The app measures blood flow in the face to assess whether or not you are telling the truth. Its developers say that it could be used for daters wanting to see if somebody really is interested in them. Parents could use it on their children to see if they are lying and teachers could work out which of their pupils are honest.
The app is being developed by Toronto startup NuraLogix and the software is called Transdermal Optical Imaging. The idea is that different human emotions create different facial blood flow patterns that we have no control over. These patterns change if we are telling the truth or telling a lie.
Using the footage(拍摄的片段) from the smartphone camera, the software will see the changes in skin colors and compare them to standardized results. A study found last year found that anger was associated with more blood flow and redness while sadness was associated with less of both.
Developmental neuroscientist(神经病学家)Kang Lee, who has been researching the field for 20 years, said, “It could be very useful, for example, for teachers. A lot of our students have math anxiety but they do not want to tell us, because that’s embarrassing.” Lee added that the technology would not replace lie detectors used in a court of law. He said: “They want the accuracy to be extremely high, like genetic tests, so a one-in-a-million error rate. Our technique won’t be able to achieve an extremely high accuracy level, so because of that I don’t think it’s useful for the courts.” He added that it will be a few years before the app is available to consumers.
1.How does the app work to identify whether the person is lying or not?
A. By controlling the blood flow patterns in our face when people are speaking
B. By measuring blood flow patterns and comparing changes in skin colors
C. By taking footage to replace lie detectors used in a court of law
D. By creating different facial blood flow patterns people needed
2.Why Transdermal Optical Imaging cannot be applied in courts at present?
A. It is too complicated to standardize results in courts
B. It hasn’t reached the required accuracy yet
C. Genetic tests are enough for situations like this
D. Its use is forbidden by law
3.What can be inferred from Kang Lee’s remarks in the last paragraph?
A. Students with math anxiety rarely ashamed of themselves
B. Lie detectors and Transdermal Optical Imaging are of the same function
C. The result of genetic tests is far more accurate than that of Transdermal Optical Imaging
D. Consumers will be able to download the app in the near future
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析