According to a new study by a British’s unive...

According to a new study by a British’s university, learning ________ second language can lead to ________ increase in your brain power.

A．a; the         B．不填; the      C．a; an        D．the; an

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to a new study by a university in Britain, learning a second language can ____ an increase in your brain power.

A. arise from    B. lie in    C. correspond to   D. lead to

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to a study carried out by an American university, when you eat has ______ on your mood as ______ you eat.

A．much of as an effect; what                B．much of as an effect; which

C．as much of an effect; what                D．as much of an effect; which

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to a new study， teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions.

University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32 completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols.

Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed ， participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward， but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice， while teens did not appear to take this information into account.

“From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that teens and adults learn in different ways， something that might be relevant to education," said lead author Dr. Stefano Palminteri. " Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices."

To interpret the results, the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations （模拟）applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example, obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome.

Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens" behavior followed the simple reward-based model while adults" behavior matched the complete, contextual model. “Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value, ” said senior author Dr. Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. “As a result, it may be useful for parents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.”

1.It can be learned from the study that .

A.adults made choices faster than teens

B.adults understood rewards better than teens

C.teens reacted better to reward than punishment

D.teens were aware of the outcome of each choice

2.What do we know about the three computational models?

A.They reflected people’s strong desire for punishment avoidance.

B.They gave circumstances different degrees of consideration.

C.They paid equal attention to reward and punishment.

D.They shaped the behavior of people at different ages.

3.The underlined word “receptive" in the last paragraph probably means .

A.accustomed B.opposed

C.sympathetic D.responsive

4.According to the writer, which of the following statements works best for teens?

A.“If you insist on doing things in this way， you will lose ten points. "

B.“If we had talked about this earlier， you wouldn’t have made the mistake. "

C.“ If you hand in your assignment ahead of time， you will get an extra bonus."

D.“If you want to approach a problem differently ， you can talk to your parents. "

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

According to a new study, preschool boys perform better on tests that measure learning and other important skills when they are in classes that have more girls than boys. This doesn’t seem to apply to girls, though. For preschool girls, the presence or absence of boys does not affect learning.

“The study raises questions about having all-boy or all-girl classes for preschool”, says psychologist Arlen Moller, who led the study. She added, “Previous researches have shown that high-school girls may study better in all-g irl schools. In middle school, however, the effects of same-sex schooling are unclear, and even less is known for very young kids.” To find out, researchers studied 70 preschool classes with a total of 806 children who were between 3.5 and 6 years old. For each class, teachers recorded the student’s progress over a 6.5-month school year.

Their data included scores of motor skills, social skills and thinking skills. Researchers found that boys developed each of these skills more quickly when there were more girls in the class than boys.

In majority-girl classrooms, boys developed at the same rate as girls. But in classes where boys were the majority, boys developed more slowly than girls. Girls tended to advance in classrooms which had any combination of boys and girls.

The study is one of the first to look at how the proportion of boys and girls in a class affects learning. Because it’s a new finding, researchers don’t know why this difference exists.

“This is an exciting topic, but it’s too early to draw any conclusion because this area is so under-explored,” says psychologist Lean Malofeeva of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

81．What is the finding of the researchers led by Arlen Moller? (no more than 15 words)(2 marks)

________

82．According to the research , what effect does a minority-girl class have on boy’s study?(no more than 8 words)(3 marks)

________

83．How does Lean Malofeeva find the study of the researchers led by Arlen Moller?(no more than 6 words)(3 marks)

________

84．List three abilities the researchers focused on. (on more than 7 words)(3 marks)

________

高三英语其他题简单题查看答案及解析

A new study, conducted by British company Mindlab International, has found that listening to music at work increases accuracy and speed, The Telegraph reported. Perhaps, some parents disagree with this idea, saying, "Switch off the music and concentrate!" Well, if that's the case with your parents, you might now be able to convince them that you have science on your side.

The company gave 26 participants a series of different tasks for five days in a row, including spell checking, mathematical word problems, data entry, and abstract reasoning. The participants completed these tasks while listening to music or no music at all.

The results showed that while music was playing, 88% of participants produced their most accurate test results and 81% completed their fastest work. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International, told The Telegraph, "Music is a very powerful management tool if you want to increase not only the efficiency of your workforce but also their emotional state... they are going to become more positive about the work."

However, you may have a list of your favorite songs, but not all kinds of music match all homework. For maths or other subjects involving numbers or attention to detail, you should listen to classical music, the study found. In the study, pop music enabled participants to complete their tasks 58% faster than when listening to no music at all. If you are reviewing your English writing, pop music is the best choice, as it is the best kind for spell checking. It cut mistakes by 14%, compared to listening to no music. After finishing your homework, do you often take time to check your answers? Maybe, some dance music is suitable for you.

1.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Music helps us to learn

B. We cannot live without music

C. Different music, different lives

D. Music in the classroom.

2.What did the participants have to do in the study？

A. Persuade their parents to listen to music.

B. Listen to the same music together.

C. Try their best to choose the most suitable music.

D. Finish tasks with music or without music at all.

3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to in Para 3？

A. tools　　 B. results

C. tests　　 D. participants

4.When you review your English writing, what kind of music is the best choice？

A. Classical music　　 B. Dance music

C. Pop music　　 D. Rock music

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan(寿命) around the world.

It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.

The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物).

Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.

“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well­known,” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival — on average about a year globally.”

In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined,” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60­year­olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”

1.What do we know about PM 2.5?

A.It has a bad effect on human health. B.It will be controlled in the future.

C.It only comes from industrial emissions. D.It spreads to the world from Asian countries.

2.What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?

A.They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.

B.They employed the research data to calculate the effect.

C.They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.

D.They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.

3.What can be inferred from the text?

A.The key to people living longer is good air quality.

B.People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.

C.Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.

D.Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan

B.The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution

C.Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution

D.Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Now, according to a recent Brigham Young University study, the amount of time between sunrise and sunset is the clear winner among other weather variables when it comes to improving your mental and emotional health.

In this unique study-which brought together a psychologist, physicist and statistician-the researchers explored how someone’s mood is linked to weather and associated factors such as sunshine, cloudy days, temperature, rain and pollution. The study found that people are more likely to report mental trouble during shorter days with less sunshine.

It is generally believed that hot days, rainy days or days with thick pollution would make one feel more down and depressed. But the study came up with a surprising finding. It found that more than any other factor, reduced sun hours could increase mental distress（痛苦）while soaking up in sun makes things all right.

The results highlighted that the duration（时长）of the daylight was more significant in influencing people’s moods than the amount of sun rays being absorbed.

“On a rainy day, or a more polluted day, people assume that they’d have more distress. But we didn’t see that. We looked at solar irradiance（太阳辐照）, or the amount of sunlight that actually hits the ground. We tried to take into account cloudy days, rainy days pollution… but they washed out. The one thing that was really significant was the amount of time between sunrise and sunset,” said professor Becker in a press release.

Many studies have attempted to explore the link between the weather and its effect on one’s mood, but the results were not conclusive. For this study, many important reason were taken into account-making the research an improvement to the previous ones.

The study concluded that public health should plan on effective strategies that can prevent emotional distress during periods when the sun time is less, such as in winter months.

1.What will affect your emotion most according to the new study?

A.The surroundings. B.The amount of sunshine.

C.The weather conditions. D.The duration of sunlight.

2.Why does the author think that the new finding in paragraph 3 is surprising?

A.Because it is a conclusion of three scientists.

B.Because it is different from the general belief.

C.Because it is too difficult to understand.

D.Because it is affected by so many factors.

3.Which season benefits people’s emotion more according to this study?

A.Spring. B.Summer.

C.Autumn. D.Winter.

4.What is the purpose of this new study?

A.To find ways to prevent depression.

B.To know more about the weather.

C.To provide strategies for public health.

D.To find how the weather affects mood.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Now,a new study led by Mason,a behavioral biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada,shows that people who can consistently read cats' expressions belong to a special group:that of the cat whisperer, mostly young and female.

For the research,Mason and his colleagues created an online survey and invited Internet users to take part.The 6,329 participants from 85 countries watched between 2 to 20 short videos of cats' expressions, and then responded if they thought the cats were distressed or happy.These random users got an average of 11.85 out of 20 ratings correct-better than chance,but not by much.But about 13 percent of the survey takers were unusually skilled at reading cats' emotions,scoring at least 15 out of 20 correct-the so-called cat whisperers.Those who self-reported being young,female,and having professional veterinary （MEW)experience were most likely to score well.Surprisingly to Mason,cat ownership had no impact on the ability to interpret cat emotion.

＂In humans,facial expressions are a major-if underappreciated- form of human communication," says Mason."And recent research shows that a variety of animals,from rats to dogs to horses,also make facial expressions that clearly communicate how they're feeling,"she says.A study published earlier this year found that cats were no exception,while also suggesting that humans could comprehend subtle(微妙的）forms of cat communication,especially facial expressions.

Mikel Delgado,a cat-behavior expert,says that this study is a"great start"to cracking cat communication,but cautions against identifying a cat's emotional state based on one piece of information.＂There's still a lot for us to understand about cats' body language,"says Delgado.For instance,tail and ear position are also relevant signals to how a cat is feeling.

1.What do we know about the cat whisperers?

A.They often go into profession related to animals.

B.They are good at understanding cats' feelings.

C.They like making videos of cats' expressions.

D.They are most likely to own and raise cats.

2.What does the author mean by"cats were no exception"in Paragraph 3?

A.Cats share a variety of characteristics with rats and dogs.

B.Cats can make out facial expressions like human beings.

C.Cats take an interest in communicating with other animals.

D.Cats can convey their feelings through facial expressions.

3.What can we infer from Mikel Delgado's words?

A.We should be very cautious when we deal with cats.

B.Cats have better communication skills than other animals.

C.We shouldn't tell cats' feelings only through their facial expressions.

D.Cats are used to showing how they feel through their body language.

4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?

A.To convince people of benefits of keeping pets.

B.To introduce a study of reading cats 'expressions.

C.To compare cats 'and human's facial expressions.

D.To clarify some misconceptions about communication.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Women work harder than men at university and get better degrees as a result, according to a study at Brunel University.

The research, which followed 200 students for four years, found that women consistently outperformed men in their studies even though they had started their courses with almost identical A-level grades.

An analysis of the results showed that while 65 percent of female graduates were awarded, only 35 percent of male graduates did as well. Girls are known to outperform boys at school, but this research showed that trend continued at university.

Fiona Smith, who led the research, said, “The research shows that the difference has something to do with schools in general.”

“It also shows something about the inequality for working women in terms of pay and promotion. Women work harder at school, harder at university, and do better at both, but they still receive less pay.”

The research found that female students were more faithful, less likely to miss lectures, and more likely to believe that their marks reflected their abilities than male students. Female students were also more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors.

Women were also more likely to choose their universities because they liked the courses offered.

In contrast, men were more likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs” and “laziness”, and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.

Generally, people think that women’s success comes from more emphasis on coursework, but the research showed that female geographers at Brunel did better in their exams than in their coursework.

Dr Smith said, “Most women feel that getting good grades is the most important part of university life. They believe that they need to work harder in order to compete in the male-dominated (男性主导的) environment they will encounter at work. Good grades are viewed as an ‘insurance policy’ for success. Men, on the other hand, prefer going out and playing sports to academic work.”

“This research shows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the value of higher education,” he said.

1.The research at Brunel University showed that women ________.

A. did worse than men both at school and at university

B. got better grades than men

C. paid little attention to their courses

D. often missed classes

2.Which of the following about men is TRUE according to the passage?

A. They work as hard as women.

B. They spend as much time on courses as women.

C. They play a lot more than women.

D. They consider good grades to be an “insurance policy” for success.

3.We can infer from the results of the research that ________.

A. women do better both at school and at university

B. female students are more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors

C. compared with men, women are in an unfavorable condition in the male-dominated world

D. it’s easier for women to get rises in pay and promotion

4.The main purpose of the research is to _________.

A. give the government some advice on higher education

B. show us some information about higher education

C. show the sex difference in higher education

D. make all students work hard and realize the importance of higher education

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析