Great white sharks, the world’s largest predatory(食肉的) fish, eat three to four times more food than previously thought, an Australian study shows.
The U. S. research from the 1980s estimated a meal of 30 kilograms could make a one-tonshark continue living for more than six weeks.
That made assumptions that large sharks could survive long periods without eating.
However, a University of Tasmania-led study published this week in Scientific Reports found that 30kg was only enough for 12-15days.
Researchers tagged(给……附上标签) a dozen great white sharks at Neptune Islands off South Australia and calculated their metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate based on swimming speeds. They worked out how much energy the sharks burned and how much food they required.
“Their metabolic rate is faster than we assumed.”
Jayson Semmens was the lead author on the study. He said, ”They (U. S. researchers)picked a shark that probably wasn’t working very hard at the time when they did it . At the time it was a new study. They did some metabolic work similar to us but on one shark.”
“The white sharks, which we tagged, are working pretty hard … they’re coming up to some pretty high speed to catch the seals.” he said, ”Their metabolic rate is much faster than what we had assumed. These animals are probably going to be feeding every day, rather than several weeks.”
The research also sought to improve understanding of how sharks fit into the ocean ecosystem.
“We don’t have a good handle on the population sizes of white sharks. We know that sharks in general are under pressure around the world from overfishing.” Semmens said, “Furthermore, they’re long -lived. They reproduce late in their life and they produce a small number of babies.”
Semmens said the effects of removing white sharks from the ocean were thus far more important than realized. “They’re keeping under control a lot more animals than we thought,” he said.
1.The U.S. research made people believe that .
A. large sharks could live without eating meat
B. sharks gained several kilograms in six weeks
C. a one-ton shark needed to eat 30 kg every meal
D. large sharks could live without eating for several weeks
2.What is Semmens’ attitude towards U.S. researchers’ job?
A. Uninterested B. Surprised
C. Objective D. Satisfied
3.The sharks’ metabolic rate calculated by the two research groups is different probably because .
A. they used different research methods
B. they studied sharks of different sizes
C. the sharks they used for research were of different species
D. the sharks they used for research swam at different speeds
4.What do you know about white sharks? .
A. They play an important role in ocean ecosystem
B. They can produce a large number of babies
C. They swim more slowly than seals
D. They live a short life
5.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .
A. inform B. persuade
C. describe D. entertain
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Great white sharks, the world’s largest predatory(食肉的) fish, eat three to four times more food than previously thought, an Australian study shows.
The U. S. research from the 1980s estimated a meal of 30 kilograms could make a one-tonshark continue living for more than six weeks.
That made assumptions that large sharks could survive long periods without eating.
However, a University of Tasmania-led study published this week in Scientific Reports found that 30kg was only enough for 12-15days.
Researchers tagged(给……附上标签) a dozen great white sharks at Neptune Islands off South Australia and calculated their metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate based on swimming speeds. They worked out how much energy the sharks burned and how much food they required.
“Their metabolic rate is faster than we assumed.”
Jayson Semmens was the lead author on the study. He said, ”They (U. S. researchers)picked a shark that probably wasn’t working very hard at the time when they did it . At the time it was a new study. They did some metabolic work similar to us but on one shark.”
“The white sharks, which we tagged, are working pretty hard … they’re coming up to some pretty high speed to catch the seals.” he said, ”Their metabolic rate is much faster than what we had assumed. These animals are probably going to be feeding every day, rather than several weeks.”
The research also sought to improve understanding of how sharks fit into the ocean ecosystem.
“We don’t have a good handle on the population sizes of white sharks. We know that sharks in general are under pressure around the world from overfishing.” Semmens said, “Furthermore, they’re long -lived. They reproduce late in their life and they produce a small number of babies.”
Semmens said the effects of removing white sharks from the ocean were thus far more important than realized. “They’re keeping under control a lot more animals than we thought,” he said.
1.The U.S. research made people believe that .
A. large sharks could live without eating meat
B. sharks gained several kilograms in six weeks
C. a one-ton shark needed to eat 30 kg every meal
D. large sharks could live without eating for several weeks
2.What is Semmens’ attitude towards U.S. researchers’ job?
A. Uninterested B. Surprised
C. Objective D. Satisfied
3.The sharks’ metabolic rate calculated by the two research groups is different probably because .
A. they used different research methods
B. they studied sharks of different sizes
C. the sharks they used for research were of different species
D. the sharks they used for research swam at different speeds
4.What do you know about white sharks? .
A. They play an important role in ocean ecosystem
B. They can produce a large number of babies
C. They swim more slowly than seals
D. They live a short life
5.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .
A. inform B. persuade
C. describe D. entertain
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Two years ago ,Hannah Mighall ,then 13, survived a great white shark attack on Tasmania’s north-east coast, but despite the terrible scars ,the shy yet courageous teenager is determined to get back into the water.
It’s been a long journey back for the brave girl, whose life was changed forever as she was on her surfboard 60 metres offshore at Binalong, Bay ,Tasmania.
Her cousin ,32-yeaf-old syb Mundy ,was surfing nearby, “Suddenly, everything went quiet ,”Hannah ,now15,recalls of the day she almost lost her life, “I look down into the water and noticed a dark shadow under my board I knew instantly it was a shark.”
As Syb watched in horror, the five-metre shark put hundreds of sharp teeth onto Hannah’s right leg,throwing her from her board, “I was attached to my leg-rope as the shark stared to pull me under the water”,She shakes, “I was lying on my back with one leg under the shark’s body and the other still in its jaws.”
Syb desperately punched (猛击)the shark’s nose and reached out to grab Hannah as the monster bit a huge chunk(大块)from the surfboard, “I was still attached to my board and was dragged back under the water again,”she says ,When she came up for air, Hannah dog paddled(爬泳)to Syb’s board and he dragged her from the water to lie on his back ,”We looked down and saw the shark circling beneath us,”Hannah says.
Hannah was rushed to the hospital by helicopter ,She needed more than 400 stitches(针)on her leg and spent two weeks in hospital.
Modest about her remarkable courage, Hannah owes her survival to Syb’s bravery and the fact that great whites,despite their reputation as man-eaters, typically don’t target humans ,After the attack ,Hannah earned the Sea Shepherd award for courage for speaking in defence of the shark “I was in his territory, she wasn’t in mine,”she smiles.
1.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A、Courage Can Beat Any Difficulty
B、How to Escape from a Shark Attack
C、A Survival from a Shark Attack
D、Sharks Can Target Humans Sometimes
2.What is the correct order of the following events happening to Hannah?
a、She was bit and pulled by the shark d、She was dragged from the water
b、She swam to Syb’s board e、She was pulled under the water again
c、She came up to take a breath f、She noticed the change of the things around her
A、f,a,b,e,c,d B、f,a,e,c,b,d C、a,e,c,b,d,f D、a,c,b,e,d,f
3.From the passage, which statement is mentioned about Hanah?
A、was so brave that this experience didn’t have any influence on her life
B、didn’t hesitate to get hack into the water to surf immediately she recovered
C、thought it is a common thing to be attacked by a shark in the ocean
D、didn’t blame the fact that sharks are known as man-eaters for her being attacked
4.How was Hannah sent to the hospital.?
A、She was went to the hospital by Syb
B、She was went to the hospital by local people
C、She was went to the hospital by helicopter
D、She was went to the hospital by the Sea Shepherb
5.The reason why Hannah was awarded is that ________ .
A、She was brave to speak for the shark although she was severely injured by it
B、She successfully escaped from a dangerous situation because of her courage
C、She was courageous enough to go deep into sharks’territory and survived
D、She has been determined to go hack into the sea where there are sharks
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Shark Keeper
Get up close and very personal with the Aquarium’s largest exhibit and its biggest predators(食肉动物) with the new Shark Keeper program! After each participant prepares to feed the sharks and other fishes in the 120,000-gallon Lost City of Atlantis Exhibit, they will then get the once-in-a-lifetime chance to feed our sand tiger sharks! Participants will also experience a tour of other behind-the-scenes animal care work areas and take home a real-life shark tooth.
Program Outline:
Greeting from Educator
Educational Program: misunderstandings about sharks, biology, pictures, shark tooth comparisons, animal overview, what to expect during the experience.
*Behind-the-scenes food prep
*Brief overview of Safety and Policies
*Feeding
Schedule:
Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at 3:40 pm
Session: 3:40 pm
Length: 60 minutes
Requirements: All participants must be 16+.
Price: $50.00, plus Admission(Members: $45.00). Space is currently limited to three participants per scheduled session.
How to Book: Phone: 631 208 9200, ext.H2O(426)
Online: When purchasing your Admission ticket, please select the Shark Keeper add-on under the Aquatic Adventures section of the shopping cart.
Guests with Special Needs:
Long Island Aquarium&Exhibition Center makes every effort to accommodate guests with special needs. Please be aware that to participate in this program, guests must be able to navigate(导航) the animal habitat spaces with minimum assistance, and must be able to understand and take direction in English from staff members. To ensure the best experience, please contact the Call Center at 631 208 9200, ext. H2O(426) to discuss your individual needs.
Cancellations(取消):
There is a 72-hour cancellation policy. Any cancellation made within 72 hours will not be refunded. No-shows will not be refunded or rescheduled. Guests arriving late (after the required program check-in time) will not be permitted to participate in the program and will not be refunded or rescheduled. We encourage guests to arrive at the Aquarium with plenty of time to park, enter, and check into the program. Adventurers should report to the Main Entrance at least ten minutes ahead. The sessions will begin quickly at the scheduled time. Please plan accordingly.
1.After joining the program, you will ________.
A. feed sharks once a life time
B. meet the biggest predators of sharks
C. draw some pictures of sharks
D. get a real shark tooth as a souvenir
2.If you want to give up the program, you’d better ________.
A. report it to the center 10 min before the session
B. report the center 3 days in advance
C. manage your plan again with 72 hours
D. expect to refund from the center
3.What information can we learn from the program?
A. There is no limit to the age of participants.
B. You need to pay $95 at least for the program.
C. You can book the program in advance online.
D. A session is scheduled for 3 children every week.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier---the shark(鲨鱼).
Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.
Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.
If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.
Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.
She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.
Her work---thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory ---- resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”
“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand ---- but it certainly opens the way to more research.”
It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.
At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.
In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish----none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.
She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.
1.The passage is most probably taken from _____.
A. a short-story collection
B. a popular science magazine
C. a research paper
D. a personal diary
2.What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?
A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.
B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled.
C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.
D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.
3.Lauren Smith conducted her research by _______.
A. removing hair cells from a shark’s balance system
B. measuring the air pressure of weather fronts
C. recording sharks’ body temperature
D. monitoring sharks’ reaction to weather changes
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A. A popular way of forecasting weather.
B. A new research effort in predicting storms.
C. Biologists’ interest in the secrets of sharks.
D. Lauren Smith’s devotion to scientific research.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier---the shark(鲨鱼).
Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.
Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.
If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.
Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.
She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.
Her work---thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory ---- resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”
“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand ---- but it certainly opens the way to more research.”
It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.
At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.
In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish----none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.
She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.
1.The passage is most probably taken from _____.
A. a short-story collection
B. a popular science magazine
C. a research paper
D. a personal diary
2.What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?
A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.
B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled.
C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.
D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.
3.Lauren Smith conducted her research by _______.
A. removing hair cells from a shark’s balance system
B. measuring the air pressure of weather fronts
C. recording sharks’ body temperature
D. monitoring sharks’ reaction to weather changes
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A. A popular way of forecasting weather.
B. A new research effort in predicting storms.
C. Biologists’ interest in the secrets of sharks.
D. Lauren Smith’s devotion to scientific research.
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. ________1.________
Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. ________2.________ Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.
________3.________.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in the ocean do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased greatly because many parts of a shark are valuable. 4. . Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.
Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. ________5.________ If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of shark may never return to normal population levels
A. The others give birth to live young.
B. Sharks are important for the health of the world's oceans.
C. This is a threat to other form of life in the ocean.
D. Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark.
E. Sharks are valuable to us and we can make full use of them.
F. But some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth.
G. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Meet the longest-living vertebrate(脊椎动物)in the world, the Greenland shark.
Found primarily in the very cold waters of the North Atlantic, these slow-swimming sharks can be as big as the largest great whites, reaching up to 21 feet in length. They're among the largest of carnivorous(食肉的)fish, and yet grow perhaps only a centimeter or so a year. Such slow growth yet big size is usually an indicator of a long-lived animal.
“We only expected that the sharks might be very old,” Julius Nielsen, at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, told NPR in 2016. “But we did not know in advance. And it was, of course, a very big surprise to learn that it was actually the oldest vertebrate animal.”
Imagine being 150 years old before you're ready to have your first child! Imagine being born before the United States was even a reality. For humans-who rarely make it to a century mark—it's difficult to fully understand.
Little is known about Greenland sharks, even basics such as where they give birth or how many of them there are, though researchers at a July 2017 conference at the University of Exeter thought that they may mate in “hidden” Arctic fjords. No one has even witnessed one hunting, though they have been found to have various vertebrate ones in their stomachs such as polar bear, seals, fast-swimming fish and even moose etc.
Given the shark's incredibly long lifespans, scientists are diving into the sea creature's genome, looking for clues. That conference also highlighted the work being done to separate the shark's longevity gene, with complete DNA information gathered from almost 100 sharks, including some born in the 1750s. Finding such a gene could go a long way in explaining why some vertebrates, like humans, have such limited lifespans.
These sharks also serve as swimming history books. Their tissue, bones and DNA could tell us a great deal about the waters of the world from a time before the Industrial Revolution, large-scale commercial fishing and the pronounced ocean pollution we see today.
Check out what it's like to swim with one in this encounter with what is a small and young—and yet to us, still fairly old—Greenland shark.
1.What can we know about Greenland sharks from the first two paragraphs?
A.Longest-living, and slow-swimming carnivorous vertebrate.
B.Longest-living, and slowest-swimming vertebrate.
C.Largest, but fast-growing carnivorous vertebrate.
D.Longest-living, largest carnivorous vertebrate but fast-growing.
2.Why were scientists surprised after they examined Greenland shark?
A.Greenland shark can live as old as humans.
B.Greenland shark is the largest animal in the world.
C.Greenland shark can live more than one hundred years.
D.Greenland shark is really the oldest vertebrate in the world.
3.What kind of animals do Greenland sharks prefer?
A.Both polar bear and seal. B.Only fast-swimming fish.
C.Various vertebrate animals. D.Polar bear, moose and fish.
4.What information can we get from the passage?
A.Scientists declare that they have known all about Greenland sharks.
B.Scientists want to get more information from their study on sharks.
C.Scientists consider sharks can only serve as swimming history books.
D.Scientists just want to know why Greenland sharks have a long life.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Wal-Mart is not just the world's largest retailer (零售商). It's the world's largest company, which sells in three months what number-two retailer Home Depot sells in a year.
Wal-Mart exercises its power for just one purpose: to bring the lowest possible prices to its customers. At Wal-Mart, that goal is never reached. The retailer has a clear policy for suppliers: On basic products that don't change, the price Wal-Mart will pay, and will charge shoppers, must drop year after year. But what almost no one outside the world of Wal-Mart and none of its 21,000 suppliers know is the high cost of those low prices. To survive in the face of its pricing demands, makers of everything from bikes to jeans have had to close US plants in favor of obtaining products from abroad.
Indeed, the real story of Wal-Mart, the story that never gets told, is the story of the pressure the biggest retailer constantly applies to its suppliers in the name of bringing us "every day low prices".
The giant retailer' s low prices often come with a high cost. Wal-Mart' s pressure can crush the companies it does business with and force them to send jobs overseas. Are we shopping our way straight to the unemployment line? Of course, US companies have been moving jobs offshore for decades, long before Wal-Mart was a retailing power. But there is no question that the chain is helping accelerate the loss of American jobs to low-wage countries such as Thailand.
People ask, "How can it be bad for things to come into the US cheaply?" Sure, it's great to have bargains. But you can' t buy anything if you' re not employed.
There is no question that Wal-Mart's drive to squeeze out cost has benefited consumers. By now, it is accepted wisdom that Wal-Mart makes the companies it does business with more efficient and focused. Wal-Mart itself is known for continuous improvement in its ability to handle, move, and track goods. It is legendary (传奇) for forcing its suppliers to redesign everything from their packaging to their computer systems. It is also legendary for quite straightforwardly telling them what it will pay for their goods.
1. How do suppliers meet the requirements of Wal-Mart?
A. To sell even more goods in three months.
B. To cut down the employment rate sharply.
C. To charge shoppers at a much higher price.
D. To run the business in a well-organized way.
2. Wal-Mart's low price policy results in ____.
A. more high-paying jobs
B. better designed packages
C. bigger profit of its partners
D. more jobless American workers
3. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Still more quality goods will be provided.
B. The food you get at Wal-Mart costs least.
C. The value of Mal-Mart is over assessed.
D. Wal-Mart is a very demanding company.
4.What's the best title for the passage?
A. The Fortune Wal-Mart Makes
B. The Wal-Mart you don't Know
C. The Biggest Retailer—Wal-Mart
D. The Money Saving Tip in Wal-Mart
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Why does the boy like sharks?
A.They are great swimmers. B.They make funny sounds. C.They are very smart.
高三英语短对话中等难度题查看答案及解析
Why does the boy like sharks?
A.They are great swimmers. B.They make funny sounds. C.They are very smart.
高三英语短对话中等难度题查看答案及解析