A new study by Penn State College of Medicine research team found that honey is a better and safer treatment for children than cough medicines.
Ian Paul, the study’s lead researcher, was motivated to test honey because treating coughs in children has recently become a sticky subject. Coughing is the body’s way of cleaning irritated (受刺激的) airways to help you breathe. But too much coughing can irritate your lungs and throat even more. It can also make it tough to get the sleep your body needs to heal. Hoping to ease the suffering of their children, parents often give them cough medicines.
But there have never been any good studies showing that they work. Cough and cold medicines may also cause serious side effects. Hundreds of kids die in the hospital each year after receiving too much cough medicine by mistake. Last October, the US Food and Drug Administration suggested that parents should not give cough medicines to children under 6.
In order to search for a different solution, Paul designed a study that involved 105 kids who were sick with coughs and other cold conditions. At bedtime, the kids took buckwheat(荞麦) honey, honey-flavored (蜜蜂味的) DM (one of the most common ingredients成分in cough medicine), or no treatment. Parents and kids in the no-treatment group knew they weren’t getting anything, but the other two groups weren’t told which treatment they were getting.
The surveys showed that kids who swallowed about 2 teaspoons of buckwheat
honey before bedtime coughed less and slept better than kids in other groups.
“When parents want something for their kids to take,” Paul says, “honey seems
like the best option.”
But what gives honey its healing power? Substances called antioxidants(抗氧化剂) may be part of the answer. All honey contains antioxidants that protect our cells from damage. Studies show that antioxidant levels in the body rise after someone swallows honey.
1.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. Sweet solution to kids’ coughing
B. No cough medicines to children
C. Best treatment for your cold
D. Cough medicines don’t work
2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that coughing ______.
A. can cure lung and throat diseases
B. is more harmful to children
C. sometimes does good to people
D. helps improve children’s die
3.During Paul’s experiment, the kids who received treatment __________.
A. seemed much worse than before
B. had no idea what they swallowed
C. knew they weren’t getting anything
D. coughed less and slept better
4. According to the passage, Paul’s experiment proved that ____.
A. honey may have real healing power
B. cough medicines may cause side effect
C. cough medicines don’t really work
D. buckwheat honey contain more antioxidants
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
A new study by Penn State College of Medicine research team found that honey is a better and safer treatment for children than cough medicines.
Ian Paul, the study’s lead researcher, was motivated to test honey because treating coughs in children has recently become a sticky subject. Coughing is the body’s way of cleaning irritated (受刺激的) airways to help you breathe. But too much coughing can irritate your lungs and throat even more. It can also make it tough to get the sleep your body needs to heal. Hoping to ease the suffering of their children, parents often give them cough medicines.
But there have never been any good studies showing that they work. Cough and cold medicines may also cause serious side effects. Hundreds of kids die in the hospital each year after receiving too much cough medicine by mistake. Last October, the US Food and Drug Administration suggested that parents should not give cough medicines to children under 6.
In order to search for a different solution, Paul designed a study that involved 105 kids who were sick with coughs and other cold conditions. At bedtime, the kids took buckwheat(荞麦) honey, honey-flavored (蜜蜂味的) DM (one of the most common ingredients成分in cough medicine), or no treatment. Parents and kids in the no-treatment group knew they weren’t getting anything, but the other two groups weren’t told which treatment they were getting.
The surveys showed that kids who swallowed about 2 teaspoons of buckwheat
honey before bedtime coughed less and slept better than kids in other groups.
“When parents want something for their kids to take,” Paul says, “honey seems
like the best option.”
But what gives honey its healing power? Substances called antioxidants(抗氧化剂) may be part of the answer. All honey contains antioxidants that protect our cells from damage. Studies show that antioxidant levels in the body rise after someone swallows honey.
1.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. Sweet solution to kids’ coughing
B. No cough medicines to children
C. Best treatment for your cold
D. Cough medicines don’t work
2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that coughing ______.
A. can cure lung and throat diseases
B. is more harmful to children
C. sometimes does good to people
D. helps improve children’s die
3.During Paul’s experiment, the kids who received treatment __________.
A. seemed much worse than before
B. had no idea what they swallowed
C. knew they weren’t getting anything
D. coughed less and slept better
4. According to the passage, Paul’s experiment proved that ____.
A. honey may have real healing power
B. cough medicines may cause side effect
C. cough medicines don’t really work
D. buckwheat honey contain more antioxidants
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan(寿命) around the world.
It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.
The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物).
Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.
“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown,” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival — on average about a year globally.”
In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined,” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”
1.What do we know about PM 2.5?
A.It has a bad effect on human health. B.It will be controlled in the future.
C.It only comes from industrial emissions. D.It spreads to the world from Asian countries.
2.What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?
A.They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.
B.They employed the research data to calculate the effect.
C.They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.
D.They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.
3.What can be inferred from the text?
A.The key to people living longer is good air quality.
B.People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.
C.Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.
D.Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan
B.The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution
C.Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution
D.Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health and published in the journal Lancet Planetary Health, finds that China’s countrywide ban 1. traffic mobility from February 10 to March 14 greatly limited automobile emissions and sharply reduced the 2. (country) often severe air pollution.
The improved air quality, in turn, prevented thousands of pollution-related 3. (death), an 4. (estimate)12,125, more than lives lost from the epidemic(流行 病), the study finds.
“This is a very surprising result. The epidemic continues to be a terrible thing for China and the rest of the world, but the decrease in emissions that accompanied 5. has actually presented some positive health results,” said Kai Chen, assistant professor at the Yale School of Public Health and the study’s first author. “The question is, how can we have one without the 6. ?”
Although the findings cannot be directly applied to other countries due to different severity of and responses to COVID-19, as well as 7. (differ) air pollution levels and population characteristics, reduced air pollution levels 8. (detect) in other Asian and European countries and the U.S.9. their own lockdowns (封城), Chen said. He notes that this reduction in pollution has 10. (like) brought about similar health benefits.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers with the University of Cambridge say they have the first real evidence of a new state of matter, some 40 years after it was first theorized.
Known as “quantum spin liquid(量子旋转水)”, the matter state causes normally unbreakable electrons to break into pieces called “Majorana fermions.” These fermions are an important discovery. Physicists believe the material is vital to further develop quantum computing. Computers employing Majorana femuons would be able to carry out calculations beyond the scale of modern computers quickly, they say.
Quantum spin liquid explains some of the eccentric behaviors inside magnetic(磁性的) materials. In these materials, the electrons should behave like small bar magnets, all adjusting towards magnetic north when a material is cooled. But not all magnetic materials do this—if the material contains quantum spin liquid, the electrons don’t all line up and become involved.
“Until recently, we didn’t even know what the experimental fingerprints of a quantum spin liquid would look like,” researcher Dr.Dmitry Kovrizhin says. “That created a challenge for the researchers, so they decided to employ neutron scattering(神经扫描) techniques to look for evidence of break”. What they found surprised them. The features matched nearly exactly with quantum spin liquid models theorized by physicist Phil Anderson in 1973. The results of their breakthrough were then published in the scientific journal Nature Materials on Monday.
Don’t get too excited just yet on its applications, though. Kovirzhin’s work is only the beginning and as we’ve seen with quantum computing there is a lot of work to be done. But it’s still exciting regardless.
“It’s an important step for our understanding of quantum matter,” Kovrizhin says. “It’s fun to have another new quantum state that we’ve never seen before—it presents us with new possibilities to try new things.”
1.What can we learn about “Majorana fermion” according to Paragraph 2?
A. It is an important discovery 40 years ago.
B. It is a surprising theory raised by Phil Anderson.
C. It is a key piece in developing quantum computer.
D. It is an unbreakable electrons employing computer.
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “eccentric” in Paragraph 3?
A. Strange. B. Complex. C. Permanent. D. Obvious.
3.How did the researchers make the breakthrough?
A. By adjusting magnetic materials.
B. By using neutron scattering techniques.
C. By repeating maths calculations.
D. By changing electronic structure.
4.What is the author’s tone about the future of quantum matter?
A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Indifferent. D. Optimistic.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
women are helped more than men;
men help more than women;
attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
“Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
“Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention（介入）, much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved , and a fight would easily follow.”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
60. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.
C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
61. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?
A. Sex. B. Nationality. C. Profession. D. Setting.
62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
A. A man is more likely to help than a woman.
B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
63. The author wrote this article _______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders
D. to analyze the weakness of human nature
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbors ignored—and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs—the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
(1) women are helped more than men;
(2) men help more than women;
(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
(1) “Shifting of responsibility”－the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people’ there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
(2) “'Fear of making a mistake'’－situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention (介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved, and a fight would easily follow. ”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
1.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.
C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
2.Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?
A. Sex. B. Nationality. C. Profession. D. Setting.
3.Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
A. When one is in trouble, people think it’s his own fault.
B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
4.The author wrote this article ______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders
D. to analyze the weakness of human nature
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
BEIJING - A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota（膳食干预肠道菌群）can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children.
The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July.
The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites（代谢物）, and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS).
Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity.
The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable diminished appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients.
The paper concluded dysbiosis （失调）of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method.
1. Which of the following factors contributes to child obesity?
A. dietary modulation of gut microbiota
B. beneficial gut bacteria
C. an improved gut microbiota
D. dysbiosis of gut microbiota
2. Which can replace the underlined word “diminished”？
A. unsatisfied B. increased
C. decreased D. good
3. Where is the passage extracted?
A. Medicine book B. Science book
C. Doctor’s instructions D. News report
4. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. Chinese scientists discover treatment to child obesity.
B .The reasons for genetic obesity in children has been found.
C. Obesity-related research has been done by Chinese scientists.
D. An effective treatment to obesity has been found.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
BEIJING - A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota（膳食干预肠道菌群）can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children.
The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July.
The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites（代谢物）, and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS).
Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity.
The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable diminished appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients.
The paper concluded dysbiosis（失调）of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method.
1.Which of the following factors contributes to child obesity ?
A. dietary modulation of gut microbiota
B. beneficial gut bacteria
C. an improved gut microbiota
D. dysbiosis of gut microbiota
2.Which can replace the underlined word “diminished”？
A. unsatisfied B. increased
C. decreased D. good
3.Where is the passage extracted?
A. Medicine book B. Science book
C. Doctor’s instructions D. News report
4.Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. Chinese scientists discover treatment to child obesity.
B.The reasons for genetic obesity in children has been found.
C. Obesity-related research has been done by Chinese scientists.
D. An effective treatment to obesity has been found.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study, a project of the researchers from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, finds the fitness tracker probably does not help with weight loss.
The devices are designed to record your physical activity. They are usually worn around the wrist, where they measure a person’s heart rate. The research team looked at two groups of individuals. The first wore a fitness tracker and took part in health counseling (咨询) with experts to consider the best weight-loss plan. The researchers compared this group with people who only got health counseling.
The study found that those only speaking with the health experts lost nearly 6 kilograms, but those using a fitness tracker lost only 3.5 kilograms. John Jakicic, the lead researcher, questioned the use of electronic devices for weight control in place of “effective behavioral counseling for physical activity and diet. ”
The study involved 470 subjects aged between 18 and 35. Some of them were overweight, while others were considered obese (肥胖的). Over three fourths of the subjects were women. All the subjects were told to increase physical activity and start on a low-calorie diet. They had their weight measured once every six months. After six months, researchers divided the group into two parts: one continued with monthly counseling, while members of the other group were given a fitness tracker. Eighteen months later, both groups “showed significant improvements in fitness, physical activity, and diet,” with no major difference between groups. However, when it came to losing weight, the people who only spoke with experts lost nearly twice as much weight.
Jakicic said, “the study’s findings are important because effective long-term treatments are needed to address America’s obesity. ” More information is needed, he added, to learn how to best use these devices to change “physical activity and diet behaviors” in adults who want to lose weight.
1.All the subjects in the study were asked to ________.
A. start on a high-calorie diet B. wear a fitness tracker
C. increase physical activities D. record their heart rates
2.Why does Jakicic think the findings are important?
A. Wearing fitness trackers hardly helps people lose weight.
B. Physical activity and diet have no effect on weight loss.
C. Handling obesity requires effective long-term treatments.
D. There are great differences in fitness between both groups.
3.What can we infer about the study mentioned in the text?
A. The study went on for about two years.
B. More than 120 men took part in the study.
C. Health counseling helps lose almost 6 kilograms.
D. Wearing a fitness tracker is useful for keeping slim.
4.The purpose of the text is to ________.
A. describe how the researchers were conducting the study
B. indicate regular counseling for weight control is necessary
C. convince readers to wear fitness trackers for weight control
D. warn women are more likely to suffer from weight problems
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
【安徽省江南十校2017届高三3月联考】D
A new study, a project of the researchers from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, finds the fitness tracker probably does not help with weight loss.
The devices are designed to record your physical activity. They are usually worn around the wrist, where they measure a person’s heart rate. The research team looked at two groups of individuals. The first wore a fitness tracker and took part in health counseling (咨询) with experts to consider the best weight-loss plan. The researchers compared this group with people who only got health counseling.
The study found that those only speaking with the health experts lost nearly 6 kilograms, but those using a fitness tracker lost only 3.5 kilograms. John Jakicic, the lead researcher, questioned the use of electronic devices for weight control in place of “effective behavioral counseling for physical activity and diet.”
The study involved 470 subjects aged between 18 and 35. Some of them were overweight, while others were considered obese (肥胖的）.Over three fourths of the subjects were women. All the subjects were told to increase physical activity and start on a low-calorie diet. They had their weight measured once every six months. After six months, researchers divided the group into two parts: one continued with monthly counseling, while members of the other group were given a fitness tracker. Eighteen months later, both groups “showed significant improvements in fitness, physical activity, and diet,” with no major difference between groups. However, when it came to losing weight, the people who only spoke with experts lost nearly twice as much weight.
Jakicic said, ”the study’s findings are important because effective long-term treatments are needed to address America’s obesity. ” More information is needed, he added， to learn how to best use these devices to change “physical activity and diet behaviors” in adults who want to lose weight.
1.All the subjects in the study were asked to_____________.
A. start on a high-calorie diet B. wear a fitness tracker
C. increase physical activities D. record their heart rates
2.Why does Jakicic think the findings are important?
A. Wearing fitness trackers hardly helps people lose weight.
B. Physical activity and diet have no effect on weight loss.
C. Handling obesity requires effective long-term treatments.
D. There are great differences in fitness between both groups.
3.What can we infer about the study mentioned in the text?
A. The study went on for about two years.
B. More than 120 men took part in the study.
C. Health counseling helps lose almost 6 kilograms.
D. Wearing a fitness tracker is useful for keeping slim.
4.The purpose of the text is to________
A. describe how the researchers were conducting the study
B. indicate regular counseling for weight control is necessary
C. convince readers to wear fitness trackers for weight control
D. warn women are more likely to suffer from weight problems
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析