HYDROGENPOWERED cars have had a rough ride. Back in 2003, they were sold as “one of the most encouraging, innovative technologies of our times” by US president at the time George W. Bush. Then the Tesla revolution came along and they were left in the dust by their batterydriven electric rivals.
Now, there are signs of a comeback. A recent survey of more than 900 global automotive executives by consulting firm KPMG found that 52 percent rated hydrogen(氢) fuel cell vehicles as a leading industry trend. Japan has announced plans to put 40,000 hydrogen vehicles on the road in the next five years, and South Korea 16,000. Germany wants to have 400 refueling stations for hydrogen vehicles by 2025 and California has already opened 35.
This renewed push has its doubts. Tesla chief Elon Musk, for example, has dismissed hydrogen cars as being “extremely silly”. But Joan Ogden at the University of California, Davis, sees a future in which hydrogen and electric vehicles play complementary(互补的) roles. “There are arguments for having both,” she says.
Like electric cars, hydrogen vehicles produce zero pollutants, so they don't damage our health or the climate. The main difference is that hydrogen cars use a fuel cell instead of a battery to power an electric motor. Hydrogen is stored in a tank and fed into the fuel cell, where its chemical energy is changed into electrical energy.
Hydrogen cars are finally becoming commercially practical because fuel cells have become smaller and lighter, says Matthew Macleod at Toyota, which began selling the Mirai, one of the first massmarket hydrogen cars, in 2014 for $60,000.
We are also figuring out better ways to transport and store hydrogen, says Michael Dolan at Australia's national science organization, the CSIRO. Last month, his team showed that hydrogen gas can be changed into liquid ammonia(氨) for transportation, then changed back. Liquid ammonia takes up less space and is less flammable than hydrogen gas, making it easier to ship to refueling stations.
The ability to rapidly refuel is one of the main advantages hydrogen vehicles have, says Macleod. Filling up a hydrogen car takes about the same time as filling a petrol one, rather than the hours it typically takes to recharge an electric car's battery. You can also go further on a full tank of hydrogen—about 500 kilometers, compared with 300 kilometers for a standard fully charged battery.
But although hydrogen reacts cleanly—the only thing coming out is water—hydrogen vehicles are more energyconsuming than electric ones if you take fuel production and transport into consideration, says Jake Whitehead at the University of Queensland, Australia.
At the moment, most hydrogen is from natural gas—a fossil fuel. “Green” hydrogen can be made by splitting water using solar or wind power, but this involves multiple steps, each using energy along the way. In contrast, a single energy step is required to directly recharge a car battery at home.
1.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs？
A. Gorge W. Bush once drove a hydrogen car on a bumpy road.
B. Joan Ogden thinks hydrogen and electric cars can exist and improve together.
C. Japan will have more hydrogen cars than electric cars on the road in the next 5 years.
D. Tesla made a contribution to the popularity of hydrogen cars.
2.The underlined word “flammable” in the 6th paragraph may mean that something is .
A. heavy to carry B. fragrant to smell C. easy to burn D. bitter to taste
3.What can we know about the differences between hydrogen and electric cars？
A. Comparatively, for hydrogen cars, fuel production and transportation is cheaper.
B. On a fully charged battery, electric cars can cover a longer distance.
C. It takes far more time to refuel hydrogen cars than to recharge a battery.
D. Hydrogen cars use a fuel cell rather than a battery to provide power.
4.What's the author's attitude towards hydrogenpowered cars？
A. Opposed. B. Approved. C. Skeptical. D. Objective.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
HYDROGENPOWERED cars have had a rough ride. Back in 2003, they were sold as “one of the most encouraging, innovative technologies of our times” by US president at the time George W. Bush. Then the Tesla revolution came along and they were left in the dust by their batterydriven electric rivals.
Now, there are signs of a comeback. A recent survey of more than 900 global automotive executives by consulting firm KPMG found that 52 percent rated hydrogen(氢) fuel cell vehicles as a leading industry trend. Japan has announced plans to put 40,000 hydrogen vehicles on the road in the next five years, and South Korea 16,000. Germany wants to have 400 refueling stations for hydrogen vehicles by 2025 and California has already opened 35.
This renewed push has its doubts. Tesla chief Elon Musk, for example, has dismissed hydrogen cars as being “extremely silly”. But Joan Ogden at the University of California, Davis, sees a future in which hydrogen and electric vehicles play complementary(互补的) roles. “There are arguments for having both,” she says.
Like electric cars, hydrogen vehicles produce zero pollutants, so they don't damage our health or the climate. The main difference is that hydrogen cars use a fuel cell instead of a battery to power an electric motor. Hydrogen is stored in a tank and fed into the fuel cell, where its chemical energy is changed into electrical energy.
Hydrogen cars are finally becoming commercially practical because fuel cells have become smaller and lighter, says Matthew Macleod at Toyota, which began selling the Mirai, one of the first massmarket hydrogen cars, in 2014 for $60,000.
We are also figuring out better ways to transport and store hydrogen, says Michael Dolan at Australia's national science organization, the CSIRO. Last month, his team showed that hydrogen gas can be changed into liquid ammonia(氨) for transportation, then changed back. Liquid ammonia takes up less space and is less flammable than hydrogen gas, making it easier to ship to refueling stations.
The ability to rapidly refuel is one of the main advantages hydrogen vehicles have, says Macleod. Filling up a hydrogen car takes about the same time as filling a petrol one, rather than the hours it typically takes to recharge an electric car's battery. You can also go further on a full tank of hydrogen—about 500 kilometers, compared with 300 kilometers for a standard fully charged battery.
But although hydrogen reacts cleanly—the only thing coming out is water—hydrogen vehicles are more energyconsuming than electric ones if you take fuel production and transport into consideration, says Jake Whitehead at the University of Queensland, Australia.
At the moment, most hydrogen is from natural gas—a fossil fuel. “Green” hydrogen can be made by splitting water using solar or wind power, but this involves multiple steps, each using energy along the way. In contrast, a single energy step is required to directly recharge a car battery at home.
1.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs？
A. Gorge W. Bush once drove a hydrogen car on a bumpy road.
B. Joan Ogden thinks hydrogen and electric cars can exist and improve together.
C. Japan will have more hydrogen cars than electric cars on the road in the next 5 years.
D. Tesla made a contribution to the popularity of hydrogen cars.
2.The underlined word “flammable” in the 6th paragraph may mean that something is .
A. heavy to carry B. fragrant to smell C. easy to burn D. bitter to taste
3.What can we know about the differences between hydrogen and electric cars？
A. Comparatively, for hydrogen cars, fuel production and transportation is cheaper.
B. On a fully charged battery, electric cars can cover a longer distance.
C. It takes far more time to refuel hydrogen cars than to recharge a battery.
D. Hydrogen cars use a fuel cell rather than a battery to provide power.
4.What's the author's attitude towards hydrogenpowered cars？
A. Opposed. B. Approved. C. Skeptical. D. Objective.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
HYDROGENPOWERED cars have had a rough ride. Back in 2003， they were sold as “one of the most encouraging， innovative technologies of our times” by US president at the time George W. Bush. Then the Tesla revolution came along and they were left in the dust by their batterydriven electric rivals.
Now， there are signs of a comeback. A recent survey of more than 900 global automotive executives by consulting firm KPMG found that 52 percent rated hydrogen(氢) fuel cell vehicles as a leading industry trend. Japan has announced plans to put 40，000 hydrogen vehicles on the road in the next five years， and South Korea 16，000. Germany wants to have 400 refueling stations for hydrogen vehicles by 2025 and California has already opened 35.
This renewed push has its doubts. Tesla chief Elon Musk， for example， has dismissed hydrogen cars as being “extremely silly”. But Joan Ogden at the University of California， Davis， sees a future in which hydrogen and electric vehicles play complementary(互补的) roles. “There are arguments for having both，” she says.
Like electric cars， hydrogen vehicles produce zero pollutants， so they don't damage our health or the climate. The main difference is that hydrogen cars use a fuel cell instead of a battery to power an electric motor. Hydrogen is stored in a tank and fed into the fuel cell， where its chemical energy is changed into electrical energy.
Hydrogen cars are finally becoming commercially practical because fuel cells have become smaller and lighter， says Matthew Macleod at Toyota， which began selling the Mirai， one of the first massmarket hydrogen cars， in 2014 for $60，000.
We are also figuring out better ways to transport and store hydrogen， says Michael Dolan at Australia's national science organization， the CSIRO. Last month， his team showed that hydrogen gas can be changed into liquid ammonia(氨) for transportation， then changed back. Liquid ammonia takes up less space and is less flammable than hydrogen gas， making it easier to ship to refueling stations.
The ability to rapidly refuel is one of the main advantages hydrogen vehicles have， says Macleod. Filling up a hydrogen car takes about the same time as filling a petrol one， rather than the hours it typically takes to recharge an electric car's battery. You can also go further on a full tank of hydrogen—about 500 kilometers， compared with 300 kilometers for a standard fully charged battery.
But although hydrogen reacts cleanly—the only thing coming out is water—hydrogen vehicles are more energyconsuming than electric ones if you take fuel production and transport into consideration， says Jake Whitehead at the University of Queensland， Australia.
At the moment， most hydrogen is from natural gas—a fossil fuel. “Green” hydrogen can be made by splitting water using solar or wind power， but this involves multiple steps， each using energy along the way. In contrast， a single energy step is required to directly recharge a car battery at home.
1.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs？
A. Gorge W. Bush once drove a hydrogen car on a bumpy road.
B. Tesla made a contribution to the popularity of hydrogen cars.
C. Japan will have more hydrogen cars than electric cars on the road in the next 5 years.
D. Joan Ogden thinks hydrogen and electric cars can exist and improve together.
2.The underlined word “flammable” in the 6th paragraph may mean that something is Ｗ.
A. heavy to carry B. easy to burn
C. fragrant to smell D. bitter to taste
3.What can we know about the differences between hydrogen and electric cars？
A. Hydrogen cars use a fuel cell rather than a battery to provide power.
B. On a fully charged battery， electric cars can cover a longer distance.
C. It takes far more time to refuel hydrogen cars than to recharge a battery.
D. Comparatively， for hydrogen cars， fuel production and transportation is cheaper.
4.What's the author's attitude towards hydrogenpowered cars？
A. Opposed. B. Approved.
C. Objective. D. Skeptical.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The world's first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany's northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.
A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany and France cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model ,called the Coradia ilint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel(柴油) trains.
The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise.
It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.
A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.
Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.
The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwab, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean-burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.
Officials say the area's many wind turbines (涡轮机)will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.
Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.
1.Why did Germany build the new trains?
A. To replace diesel trains.
B. To carry more passengers.
C. To make traveling much easier.
D. To develop friendship with France.
2.What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?
A. It runs without making any noise.
B. It doesn't use electrical power.
C. It costs much less to run.
D. It is cheaper to make it.
3.It can be concluded that hydrogen trains________.
A. are widely used
B. are environmentally friendly
C. can stop air pollution
D. can produce water and oxygen
4.What might be the best title for the text?
A. Saving Natural Resources
B. Efforts to Reduce Emissions
C. World's First Hydrogen Trains
D. A New Way to Make Electricity
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The world's first hydrogen-powered superyacht (超级游艇)could be taken to the waters in the not too distant future. Dutch yacht-design company Sinot has launched a model for a wonderful concept that seems to develop the superyacht industry in a more eco-friendly direction.
Created in cooperation with Lateral Naval Architects, Aqua measures 112 meters and will be powered entirely by liquid hydrogen and fuel-cell technology, which essentially means water will be its only emission. The superyacht, which has state-of-the-art facilities, is to operate at a top speed of 17 knots (节), with a range of 3, 750 nautical miles.
"For the development of Aqua, we combine inspiration from the lifestyle of a forward- looking owner and cutting-edge technology in the 112-meter superyacht, "Designer Sander Si-not said in a statement shortly before a detailed model of Aqua was revealed at the Monaco Yacht Show in September. He added, "Our challenge is to use fully operational liquid hydrogen and fuel cells in a true superyacht that is not only groundbreaking in technology, but also in aesthetics (美感)｡"
Aqua's technology system will rely on two 28-ton vacuum isolated tanks. The energy will then be submitted to the switchboard and distributed, in order to provide power for travelling and hotel services.
The outside and inside design for Aqua, which took developers five months to design, was almost as impressive as its technology system. Aqua will have a yoga space, a swimming platform and a beach deck close to the waterline.
While it's just a design concept at the moment and there are no exact plans to roll Aqua out, according to Sinot, the pioneering design clearly prefigures the superyachts of tomorrow. Earlier this year Latvia's Latitude Yachts announced plans for the Valkyrie Project, a massive superyacht that would span 229 meters, making it the largest in the world｡
1.What is Aqua special about?
A.Its steaming distance.
B.Its hotel services.
C.Its energy materials.
D.Its modern facilities.
2.What's the biggest difficulty of constructing Aqua?
A.Poor financial support from the government.
B.The technological problems of dealing with power.
C.The difficulty of designing its whole aesthetics.
D.Lack of resources to produce the components.
3.What can be inferred about Aqua?
A.It will look like a real hotel.
B.It will be created in Dutch.
C.It will open a new era of superyacht.
D.It will be the largest in the world.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To advertise a superyacht.
B.To show a new technology.
C.To tell us a green travel style.
D.To introduce a superyacht model.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
– What will motoring be like in the future?
– Most probably it will be ________ electric car, powered by ________ battery
| A．the, a | B．the, the | C．/, a | D．an, / |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Fred had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____ seriously．
A．damaged B．had been damaged
C．was being damaged D．had damaged
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
－Hi, I didn't know you had come back! Have you finished your teaching in America?
－Yes. I______Chinese there for more than two years.
| A．have been teaching | B．was teaching | C．taught | D．had taught |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
If the manufacturers had _______ the cars with faults in time, some accidents might have been avoided.
A.handed in B.taken in C.Put in D.called in
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
-I'm told you had a car accident. I think it must have been a terrifying experience.
-Yeah. I in the damaged car, unable to move.
A. had got trapped B. have got trapped C. get trapped D. got trapped
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Tom had to have his car repaired in a garage because it______seriously.
A. damaged B. was being damaged
C. had damaged D. had been damaged
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析