Advertising often functions as an indicator f...

Advertising often functions as an indicator for　　 society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.

A. which　　 B. whether　　 C. how　　 D. what

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Advertising often functions as an indicator for 　　　 society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.

A. what　　 B. whether

C. how　　 D. which

高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析

The Oscars have been around for so long that they serve as an indicator of ________ the Hollywood community values now and in the past.

A. that　　 B. where　　 C. how　　 D. what

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

_______ the whole society care for children as well as their parents, children can grow healthily and happily.

A．As soon as         B．Once　　       C．The moment　　   D．So long as

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

To err is human. Society is suffering from an inability to acknowledge as much.

For individuals, errors are painful. The trick, then, is to err well: to recognize mistakes and learn from them. Worryingly, humanity may be getting worse at admitting its mistakes.

Few enjoy the feeling of being caught out in an error. But real trouble starts when the desire to avoid a punishment leads to a refusal to deal with contrary evidence. Economists often assume that people are sensible. When faced with a new fact, these people should update their view of the world to take better decisions in future. Yet years of economic research confirms that people frequently disregard information that conflicts with their view of the world.

Why should that be? Last year Roland Benabou, of Princeton, presented a framework for thinking about the problem. In many ways, beliefs are like other economic goods. People spend time and resources building them, and get value from them: some beliefs make owners feel good and show their public identity; other beliefs provide value by shaping behavior—for example, religious asceticism(禁欲主义) can help one avoid unhealthy habits.

Because beliefs, however, are not simply tools for making good decisions, but are treasured in their own right, new information that challenges them is unwelcome. People often engage in “motivated reasoning” to manage such challenges. Mr Benabou classifies this into three categories. “Strategic ignorance” is when a believer avoids information offering conflicting evidence. In “reality denial”， troubling evidence is rationalized(合理化)：real estate investors might make up fanciful theories for why prices should behave unusually, and supporters of a disgraced politician might claim the negative news to be fake. And lastly, in “self­signalling”， the believer creates his own tools to interpret the facts in the way he wants: an unhealthy person, for example, might decide that going for a daily run proves he is well.

“Motivated reasoning” is a cognitive bias(偏见). Not all the errors it leads to are　 costly: praising the performance of one's supported football team despite contradictory evidence does little harm. But when biases are broadly shared—within financial world or political parties—danger arises. Motivated reasoning helps explain why viewpoints polarize (两极分化) even as information is more easily available than ever before.

Work by Mr Benabou suggests that groupthink is highest when people within groups face a shared fate: when choosing to break from a group is unlikely to spare an individual the costs of the group's errors or bring much individual benefit. The incentive(动力) to engage in motivated reasoning is high as a result. Even as the fact on a particular issue is obvious, parties can still become increasingly polarized. That, in turn, can make it harder still for a member of one party to get any benefit from breaking from a group. Indeed, the group has an incentive to silence independent voices.

Public statements of regret are risky in a rigidly polarized world. Admissions of error can not only annoy partners but also provide opportunities for opponents. But it is rarely in the interest of those in the right to pretend that they are never wrong.

1.According to the passage, beliefs are similar to economic goods in that ________．

A.both are entertaining and valuable B.both can be shaped by religious faith

C.both can reflect who the owners are D.both promote religious development

2.Which of the following is an example of “self­signalling”？

A.A fan speaks highly of his team although it has just lost the game.

B.A man covers his ears when stealing a bell, believing the bell won't ring.

C.Supporters of Trump believe the news about his affairs with a lady is fake.

D.Suspected AIDS carriers refuse to be tested though it can be done for free.

3.What can be inferred from Paragraphs 6 and 7?

A.Polarization causes individuals to break from the group.

B.Richer sources of information decrease motivated reasoning.

C.Individuals with independent voices are dismissed from the group.

D.Individuals in a group engage in motivated reasoning for their own interests.

4.Which of the following opinions might the author agree with?

A.Denying errors is unavoidable.

B.Failure to admit errors is harmful.

C.Humans are getting better at erring well.

D.Wise people ignore contrary worldviews.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

To err is human. Society is suffering from an inability to acknowledge as much.

For individuals, errors are painful. The trick, then, is to err well: to recognize mistakes and learn from them. Worryingly, humanity may be getting worse at admitting its mistakes.

Few enjoy the feeling of being caught out in an error. But real trouble starts when the desire to avoid a punishment leads to a refusal to deal with contrary evidence. Economists often assume that people are sensible. When faced with a new fact, these people should update their view of the world to take better decisions in future. Yet years of economic research confirms that people frequently disregard information that conflicts with their view of the world.

Why should that be? Last year Roland Benabou, of Princeton, presented a framework for thinking about the problem. In many ways, beliefs are like other economic goods. People spend time and resources building them, and get value from them: some beliefs make owners feel good and show their public identity; other beliefs provide value by shaping behavior—for example, religious asceticism(禁欲主义) can help one avoid unhealthy habits.

Because beliefs, however, are not simply tools for making good decisions, but are treasured in their own right, new information that challenges them is unwelcome. People often engage in “motivated reasoning” to manage such challenges. Mr Benabou classifies this into three categories. “Strategic ignorance” is when a believer avoids information offering conflicting evidence. In “reality denial”， troubling evidence is rationalized(合理化)：real estate investors might make up fanciful theories for why prices should behave unusually, and supporters of a disgraced politician might claim the negative news to be fake. And lastly, in “self­signalling”， the believer creates his own tools to interpret the facts in the way he wants: an unhealthy person, for example, might decide that going for a daily run proves he is well.

“Motivated reasoning” is a cognitive bias(偏见). Not all the errors it leads to are　 costly: praising the performance of one's supported football team despite contradictory evidence does little harm. But when biases are broadly shared—within financial world or political parties—danger arises. Motivated reasoning helps explain why viewpoints polarize (两极分化) even as information is more easily available than ever before.

Work by Mr Benabou suggests that groupthink is highest when people within groups face a shared fate: when choosing to break from a group is unlikely to spare an individual the costs of the group's errors or bring much individual benefit. The incentive(动力) to engage in motivated reasoning is high as a result. Even as the fact on a particular issue is obvious, parties can still become increasingly polarized. That, in turn, can make it harder still for a member of one party to get any benefit from breaking from a group. Indeed, the group has an incentive to silence independent voices.

Public statements of regret are risky in a rigidly polarized world. Admissions of error can not only annoy partners but also provide opportunities for opponents. But it is rarely in the interest of those in the right to pretend that they are never wrong.

1.According to the passage, beliefs are similar to economic goods in that ________．

A. both are entertaining and valuable　　 B. both can be shaped by religious faith

C. both can reflect who the owners are　　 D. both promote religious development

2.Which of the following is an example of “self­signalling”？

A. A fan speaks highly of his team although it has just lost the game.

B. A man covers his ears when stealing a bell, believing the bell won't ring.

C. Supporters of Trump believe the news about his affairs with a lady is fake.

D. Suspected AIDS carriers refuse to be tested though it can be done for free.

3.What can be inferred from Paragraphs 6 and 7?

A. Polarization causes individuals to break from the group.

B. Richer sources of information decrease motivated reasoning.

C. Individuals with independent voices are dismissed from the group.

D. Individuals in a group engage in motivated reasoning for their own interests.

4.Which of the following opinions might the author agree with?

A. Denying errors is unavoidable.

B. Failure to admit errors is harmful.

C. Humans are getting better at erring well.

D. Wise people ignore contrary worldviews.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

The Song Dynasty(960-1279) is often referred to as the Chinese Renaissance(文艺复兴). For about three and a quarter centuries, under its rule, China enjoyed a period of economic growth with great artistic and intellectual achievements.

One of the most important factors in the Song Renaissance was the printing press which made for a rebirth of classical Confucian learning. By the 10th century,printers were producing a large number of copies of the classical Confucian texts. With this increase in the production of books, education spread and became widely available.

Printing also had its greatest influence on the Chinese political system. In the Song Dynasty, govemment examinations became the most important way to political power in China. For almost 1,000 years, China was govemed by men who had done very well in examinations. Thousands of students studied for the exams, and thousands of inexpensive books were required. Without printing, such a system would not have been possible.

The Song period was also the golden age of Chinese painting. Emperor Huizong(1101-1125) was a talented painter who encouraged the arts. A royal painting academy was created and many fine artists were supported. The period is best known for nature subjects and landscape paintings. Guo Xi used perspective in his paintings and The Quict Valley is one of his best-known works. One of the greatest landscape painters of the period was Fan Kuan. His masterpiece, Travelling among Mountains and Gorges, is one of the most famous Chinese paintings. Completed around the year 1000, it was inspired by the power of nature and the relative insignificance of humans.

1.When was the Chinese Renaissance?

A. Immediately after the Renaissance in Europe.　　 B. During the Song Dynasty.

C. At the time of Confucius.　　 D. in the year 1,000.

2.What contributed to spreading the ideas of Confucius?

A. The spread of education to the middle classes.

B. People’s new interest in classical texts.

C. The development of painting.

D. The printing press and a wide availability of books.

3.How did people become politicians at the time?

A. Only members of the wealthy class could go into politics.

B. A small number of powerful families ran the country.

C. Only members good at painting were supported by the royalty.

D. There was a special exam system to select politicians.

4.From the passage we can know the painter of Travelling among Mountains and Gorges is ＿＿＿．

A. Guo Xi

B. Emperor Huizong

C. Fan Kuan

D. Confucius

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The Song Dynasty(960-1279) is often referred to as the Chinese Renaissance(文艺复兴). For about three and a quarter centuries, under its rule, China enjoyed a period of economic growth with great artistic and intellectual achievements.

One of the most important factors in the Song Renaissance was the printing press which made for a rebirth of classical Confucian learning. By the 10th century,printers were producing a large number of copies of the classical Confucian texts. With this increase in the production of books, education spread and became widely available.

Printing also had its greatest influence on the Chinese political system. In the Song Dynasty, govemment examinations became the most important way to political power in China. For almost 1,000 years, China was govemed by men who had done very well in examinations. Thousands of students studied for the exams, and thousands of inexpensive books were required. Without printing, such a system would not have been possible.

The Song period was also the golden age of Chinese painting. Emperor Huizong(1101-1125) was a talented painter who encouraged the arts. A royal painting academy was created and many fine artists were supported. The period is best known for nature subjects and landscape paintings. Guo Xi used perspective in his paintings and The Quict Valley is one of his best-known works. One of the greatest landscape painters of the period was Fan Kuan. His masterpiece, Travelling among Mountains and Gorges, is one of the most famous Chinese paintings. Completed around the year 1000, it was inspired by the power of nature and the relative insignificance of humans.

1.When was the Chinese Renaissance?

A.Immediately after the Renaissance in Europe. B.During the Song Dynasty.

C.At the time of Confucius. D.in the year 1,000.

2.What contributed to spreading the ideas of Confucius?

A.The spread of education to the middle classes.

B.People’s new interest in classical texts.

C.The development of painting.

D.The printing press and a wide availability of books.

3.How did people become politicians at the time?

A.Only members of the wealthy class could go into politics.

B.A small number of powerful families ran the country.

C.Only members good at painting were supported by the royalty.

D.There was a special exam system to select politicians.

4.From the passage we can know the painter of Travelling among Mountains and Gorges is ＿＿＿．

A.Guo Xi

B.Emperor Huizong

C.Fan Kuan

D.Confucius

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Play, often ______ as an activity for younger children, is still important in the social development of teenagers.

A．to see            B．seeing            C．seen             D．to be seen

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Play, often _______ as an activity for young children, is still important in the social development of teenagers.

A. to see         B. seeing                 C. to be seen    D. seen

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析