Aging happens to all of us, and is widely thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency(不足).
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives(动机) to develop treatments.
“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.
“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions(介入,参与). The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understand that aging is curable.”
“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.
“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were removed, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”
1.What do people generally believe about aging?
A.It should cause no alarm whatsoever.
B.They just cannot do anything about it.
C.It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
D.They can delay it with advances in science.
2.What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?
A.It will urge people to take aging more seriously.
B.It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
C.It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
D.It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
3.What do we learn about the medical community?
A.They now have a strong interest in research on aging.
B.They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.
C.They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.
D.They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.
4.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?
A.The human lifespan cannot be lengthened.
B.Aging is hardly separable from disease.
C.Few people can live up to the age of 92.
D.Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题
Aging happens to all of us, and is widely thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency(不足).
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives(动机) to develop treatments.
“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.
“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions(介入,参与). The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understand that aging is curable.”
“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.
“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were removed, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”
1.What do people generally believe about aging?
A.It should cause no alarm whatsoever.
B.They just cannot do anything about it.
C.It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
D.They can delay it with advances in science.
2.What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?
A.It will urge people to take aging more seriously.
B.It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
C.It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
D.It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
3.What do we learn about the medical community?
A.They now have a strong interest in research on aging.
B.They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.
C.They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.
D.They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.
4.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?
A.The human lifespan cannot be lengthened.
B.Aging is hardly separable from disease.
C.Few people can live up to the age of 92.
D.Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空1个单词。
Introduction to anger
Anger is a natural reaction which comes out when we feel that we have not been given a fair treatment. The positive side of this negative emotion is that it has helped us to evolve as humans and cope in a better manner with our surroundings. However, it tends to become a problem when we fail to control it. Many a time it happens that your anger has hurt others or has spoiled one of your relationships for which you regret later. It has some bad effects on the health, too.
We should control anger so that it does not cause harm to us or to those around us whom we love. One of the best ways to control anger is to get help from others. If you feel that you are unable to manage your anger, it can make you more upset. So tell someone that is close to you, a friend or a family member, about your problem. When you discuss a matter with others, there is a better chance of finding a solution to your problem. Besides, there are no better stress relievers than humor. When you feel that it is because of stress that your anger is becoming unmanageable, you can use humor. It can help you look at difficult things in a lighter way and you will feel better about the things around you.
Anger tends to make us have a lot of negative thoughts. Therefore, we have to change the negative thoughts into positive ones. For this you have to first refuse all the negative thoughts that are in your mind one by one. This can be done with a lot of practice. Once you are successful in that, you have to maintain your focus only on the positive things of life.
Meditation (冥想) is an excellent anger management technique. In addition, what we do is disconnect ourselves from the outer world and focus all our attention into the inner world. This helps us develop a sense of controlling our thoughts that tend to cause anger.
1. | Anger is a natural reaction which comes out when we have been treated2.. | |
Positive sides | ﹡Help us evolve as humans. | |
4.sides | ﹡Hurt others. | |
Some ways to6.your anger | Get help from others | Discuss your problems with your friend or a |
Use8. | It can help you see difficult things in a9.way. | |
Think10. | Refuse all the negative thoughts and focus only on positive things. | |
Practice meditation | Help us control our thoughts which tend to cause anger. |
高三英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
Calling someone a “birdbrain” is considered rude. It implies that someone has a small brain and thus is not smart. A new study found that the expression doesn’t do birds justice either. Birds’ brains are much bigger than we thought-at least compared to their small bodies.
An international team of 37 scientists measured the brain volume of hundreds of dinosaurs and extinct birds by scanning fossils of their skulls. The readings were compared to a large database containing the brain sizes of modern birds. These measurements were then analyzed, taking into consideration each bird’s body size-resulting in something called “relative brain size”. The results showed that a dramatic change of birds’ body size happened right after the mass extinction of dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
According to the study, published on April 23 in the journal Current Biology, birds and non-avian (非鸟类的) dinosaurs had similar brain sizes before the extinction. After the extinction of the dinosaurs, however, birds had to find a way to survive, so they shrank their bodies-since smaller animals need less food-but they kept their big brains.
“The changed landscape may have caused the rapid evolution of new brain-body scaling patterns (缩放比例) by favoring both larger brains and smaller bodies,” US paleontologist (古生物学家) Daniel Ksepka, who is the lead author of the study, told CNN.
This “evolutionary brain leap”-as scientists call it-also happened very rapidly. Without dinosaurs, birds quickly repopulated. They came in all types and sizes, which contributed to the diverse species of birds we see today.
But among all the bird species, certain ones “show above average rates of brain and body size evolution”, study co-author Adam Smith at Clemson University, US, said in a statement-with crows and parrots being the most evident. In fact, previous studies have already discovered that these birds have an amazing cognitive ability. They are able to use tools, imitate human speech and even remember human faces.
So, in the words of Smith, “calling someone ‘bird-brained’ is actually quite a compliment!”
1.How did scientists learn the brain sizes of dinosaurs and extinct birds?
A.By referring to a database.
B.By analyzing their body size.
C.By studying their fossil skulls.
D.By examining the brain size of modem birds.
2.What were birds’ brains like after the extinction of the dinosaurs?
A.They were the same size as non-avian dinosaurs.
B.They shrank to adapt to the environment.
C.They kept growing to avoid extinction.
D.They remained as big as they were before.
3.According to Adam Smith, what do we know about birds?
A.Their brain evolution happened very rapidly.
B.Some species evolved to be smarter than others.
C.Crows and parrots have the largest bird brains.
D.Birds have amazing abilities to copy human speech.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To explain the origin of the word “birdbrain”.
B.To describe how a bird evolved through history.
C.To present a new study on birds’ brain size.
D.To reveal reasons for the rapid growth of bird populations.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
The other day, I bought an expensive anti-aging cream that promised to make my face look several years younger than other women by fighting free radicals(自由基). It made me curious about what free radicals are. Is the anti-aging cream the only way I need to protect myself?
“As a scientific term, free radicals are essentially unstable atoms, ” says Arizona-based doctor, Natasha Bhuyan, M. D. “In medicine, they cause cells to break down over time and are linked to aging. ”
A super simple chemistry review for you:Atoms from different elements are the building blocks that make up water, nitrogen and more. Electron(电子) are the negatively charged atoms, and they like to be in pairs. When an electron loses its partner, it creates a free radical, which is usually unstable and highly reactive. Free radicals typically go through the body to seek out a replacement for their missing electron, and that can result in damage to cells, proteins and DNA.
So how do free radicals form and why do they happen? Bhuyan says, “Scientifically, free radicals are unpaired electrons that are seeking a mate to bond with. The theory behind free radicals is that they can lead to the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants(抗氧化剂). ” Another mini-science lesson for you:Antioxidants are natural or man-made matters that can help delay or prevent some types of cell damage. They’re often found in fruits and vegetables.
A lot of the aspects of modern life--our diet, lifestyle and environmental factors like pollution, can cause oxidative(氧化的) stress. Over time, oxidative stress weakens cells and tissues and can leave you more easily exposed to certain health issues, including cancer. And, as beauty marketers are keenly aware, oxidative stress can also speed up the aging process. Now that you know free radicals can weak on your health, you’re probably wondering if there are any ways to prevent them from forming or at least to minimize their negative effects.
1.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?
A.Explain the process of aging. B.State the formation of free radicals.
C.Introduce the topic of free radicals. D.Describe the harm of anti-aging cream.
2.Which of the following do free radicals refer to?
A.Unpaired electrons. B.Steady atoms.
C.Replacements of atoms. D.Functions of electrons.
3.What can we learn about antioxidants from the text?
A.They have never been found in nature. B.They do harm to cells proteins and DNA.
C.They can slow down the damage of some cells. D.They always keep balance with free radicals.
4.What will the author probably tell us next?
A.What exactly oxidative stress is. B.How beauty marketers promote sales.
C.Where a variety of diseases come from. D.How free radicals can be prevented.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
We automatically assume that as adults, we’re wiser than when we were children. However, actually we can learn a lot from our childhood self. For example, we can learn to develop optimism about the future. Do you remember how excited you used to be just before Christmas? 1. Reintroduce that childlike wonder into our daily experiences.
We can learn to dream big and imagine the impossible. How often have you heard a child say something like “One day, I’m going to be an astronaut”? Our adult minds immediately laugh at this idea and think about all the logical reasons as to why this might never happen. 2. We minimize our chances of attaining what we dream about. It is okay to dream big just as our childhood self did.
3. Our childhood self looked at possibilities and believed we could achieve them successfully. If we wanted to build a tree house, we’d go about thinking about how to make it happen instead of focusing on all the reasons it might not happen. In this way we can fill our life with possibilities rather than regrets.
We can learn to be playful and silly sometimes, 4. Children spend a large amount of time escaping from reality to mess about and have fun. Make time for your childhood self to come out and play. Run around the garden, wear a silly hat or spend time laughing. 5..
A.Don’t imagine things could go wrong.
B.We can learn to hold a “can do” attitude.
C.That feeling of great joy is hard to beat.
D.Most children tend to think in a positive way.
E.All of these activities can make us feel happy and alive.
F.We employ self-limiting beliefs without even realizing it.
G.All work and no play makes a person very dull and upset.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Our world is more connected than ever before thanks to technology.1.. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn how to deal with this painful feeling.
You should be determined to actively end your loneliness. We often end up passively waiting for someone else to make us feel less lonely. You may feel that your loneliness indicates that nobody is willing to connect with you. And there is nothing you can do about it. But that is far from the truth.2..
You should find reasons why you are lonely. We all feel lonely for different reasons. Some of us have no one else to interact(互动) with on a consistent basis and that's why we feel lonely. You may feel that the people in your life don't share your thoughts and ideas.3., you need to identify it. And you know exactly how to handle your loneliness.
4.. People who are lonely tend to fall into destructive mental habits. They try to avoid the pain of not being understood and being disconnected by not giving people any chance to understand and connect with them.That's not what you should choose to do. Instead, you should share your thoughts and feelings with others and do so openly and fearlessly.
You should find people who share your interests. 5., everybody is interested in something.And just as there are many interests, there are many people who share those interests. Find what interests you and connect with others on that basis.
A.Whatever the reason is
B.Whether it's coin collecting or video games
C.If you have no reason to share your interests
D.You should be true to yourself or actively end loneliness
E.You should be open about your thoughts, ideas and desires
F.Ending loneliness is something that you can and should do actively
G.However, more and more of us find ourselves having to stand loneliness
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows,but it can’t get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can’t get out .As a result, the temperature rises.
Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on. Without it, the earth would be freezing, or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun’s heat and light. During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(过滤) it, so people, plants, and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.
Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it, if there gets to be too many gases, the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants, animals and people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people, plants, and animals would all die of hunger.
People are doing many things to try to stop global warming. One thing is carpooling-driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much.
1.By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to__________.
A.explain how global warming happens
B.show his feeling in a car in hot summer
C.tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases
D.say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car
2.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to__________.
A.light B.greenhouse effect
C.temperature D.heat
3.What is the effect of atmosphere?
A.IT only traps the heat of the sun.
B.It does great harm to humans.
C.It makes the earth neither to hot nor too cold.
D.It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.
4.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.lf there is greenhouse effect all the plants will die
B.Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth
C.Crops can’t take in the heat lf there is greenhouse effect
D.Although greenhouse effect is necessary. Too much of it will cause us to die.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
The adder is the only poisonous snake native to Britain. Adders have the most highly developed poison injecting mechanism of all snakes, but they are not aggressive animals. Adders will only use their poison as a last means of defence, usually if caught or trodden on. No one has died from adder bites in Britain for over 20 years. By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all.
Most people regard snake bites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, and very few are fatal. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.
All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.
The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites in Britain , and thought these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness.
1.What does the underlined phrase “trodden on” probably mean?
A.Found out
B.Heard from
C.Stepped on.
D.Robbed of.
2.Where are adders to be found?
A.In fertile fields in Scotland.
B.On wild land throughout Britain.
C.In many parts of Britain and Ireland.
D.Everywhere in Britain except Scotland
3.What should you do if you are with someone who is bitten by an adder?
A.Catch the biting adder at once.
B.Don’t worry about the bitten person.
C.Don’t try to treat the bite by yourself.
D.Operate on the person as soon as possible.
4.What’s the best title of the passage?
A.Poisonous Snakes
B.Adders in Britain
C.Take Care of Sake Bites
D.Protect Endangered Adders
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Not all of us are outgoing and ready to take the world by storm. 1. This usually happens when a person is still in his or her teen years and going through the socialization process. So, what can a person do to overcome this tendency to be awkward. Let’s try to find answers to the questions.
Stay in shape and dress up well
Sometimes, awkwardness could be due to being overweight. When you are large in size, you tend to get very self-conscious. So, in order to avoid this, get into the habit of exercising every day. 2. If you look as if you have just stepped out of a 1980’s film when actually it is 2011, there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about yourself.
Be optimistic
Another effective tip on how not to feel awkward is to always keep a smile on your face. 3. On the other hand, a smiling, happy and positive think person is appreciated by everybody. So, smile when you meet acquaintances or even strangers, say a cheerful “Hi!” and automatically some of your awkwardness will disappear completely!
Participate in team activities
This one really helps. Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others. So, in order to change this situation, join groups. 4. Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will help remove your awkwardness. Choose any activity of your choice, such as playing team sports or joining a dance class, and soon you will find your comfort level around people increasing day by day!
Develop your personality
Being a book-worm or an Internet addict will not get you anywhere. For self-improvement, take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life. Learn singing or try adventure sports. 5.
A. Learn how to end a conversation.
B. Secondly, have appropriate clothes on.
C. For instance, if you are a reading lover, join a book club.
D. If you look sad, nobody will actually like being with you.
E. Something as simple as listening to music will do wonders too.
F. Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others.
G. Awkwardness could be because you do not have anything in common to talk about.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
“This has gone as well as I could have dreamed, and I can fly in the near future!” Yes, Alyssa Carson, a now-18-year-old astronaut from Baton Rouge, Louisiana is capable. For her, riding the most aggressive roller coaster in the park is not a big deal. If all goes according to her plans, NASA will send her to Mars in 2033, making her the first human to step foot on the planet. She will spend two to three years living there, growing food, performing science experiments and searching for signs of life. “The Martian is actually very accurate,” she said. “A lot of things that happened in the movie are similar to what is going to happen.” She has devoted her entire life to preparing for her journey.
Her love for space started when she watched a cartoon called The Backyardigans at the age of 3. Five animal pals on imaginary adventures in their backyard, including one part-a mission to Mars. “I thought ‘This red planet is so cool!’” she said. “I started watching videos of rovers’ landing on Mars. I had a large map of Mars in my room which I would look at every day. I started getting telescopes so I could look at space.
At 7, her father took her to space camp in Huntsville, Alabama. “That was the weekend of my life.” she said. I got to learn everything I had been wanting to know and I got to see a life-size rocket.” She cherished the rocket so much that she returned 18 times. At 12, she became the first person in history to attend all three NASA space camps in Huntsville, Alabama; Quebec, Canada and Izmir, Turkey.
At first she mastered the basics of space and how humans have explored it throughout time. As she got older she simulated (模拟) missions, trying to reach a destination in gravity-free, weightless zones.
When she was 9, she met NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus. The experienced explorer told her she was her age when she decided to go to space. At that moment Alyssa knew her love of space was not a hobby. “I did the same thing as other kids, like switching my mind about careers, wanting to be a teacher or the president one day,” she said. “But the way I always thought about it was I would become an astronaut, go to Mars, come back, and then be a teacher or the president.”
1.Which of the following about Alyssa Carson is right?
A.She has created model missions to Mars.
B.She is the youngest one who has completed astronaut training.
C.She is likely to be the first human to perform different tasks on Mars.
D.She has visited the space camp in Huntsville,Alabama for nearly 30 times.
2.What’s supposed to be stressed by referring to NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus?
A.The power of space dreams.
B.The popularity of space travel.
C.The importance of career choices
D.The excitement of her space experiences.
3.What can’t be inferred from the article?
A.The Backyardigans is a cartoon for kids.
B.Alyssa will have many tasks to complete if she lands on Mars successfully.
C.Alyssa was forced to learn the basics of space science by her father.
D.Alyssa enjoys riding roller coasters like many other young people.
4.What does the author intend to do in writing the passage?
A.To introduce American space industry.
B.To promote the values of American teens.
C.To encourage tours to Mars.
D.To present a rising American space star.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析