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In recent years, especially during the l960s, there was much discussion about “the brain drain (排干, 流失),” which dealt with the problem of students and learned people who left their own countries for other countries that offered better chances for study, research, and employment．For example, according to a report from U．N., between 1962 and l966 more than 50 percent of all engineering graduates of Iran and 14 percent of Iranian scientists left their country for work abroad．Over 30 percent of Chilean engineers and 15 percent of Turkish physicians also went to work in other countries．Probably the greatest brain drain occurred among young scientists who had gone abroad to study．Many of them had planned to return to their countries to teach but chose to remain in more industrialized nations where they were able to continue their work and their research in fields in which there were no job possibilities at home．The countries that attracted most of these scientists were the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, and Australia.
Recent studies show that the brain drain to the United States may be decreasing．Many foreign scientists are going home again, and in some cases American scientists are leaving the United States for employment in other countries．The main reasons are that good jobs are becoming fewer here, money for national research has been sharply cut, and university fellowships reduced too．However, in the field of medicine the drain to the United States still goes on．Today more than one of every five American doctors is foreign - born, and several thousand foreign doctors immigrate to the United States each year．Over eighty countries have asked the State Department to send students who are skilled in important fields such as medicine back home when their study programs are over.
1.Which of the following is not the reason for “the brain drain”?
A．Good housing. B．Better research condition.
C．Good job possibility D．Better chances of study..
2.The brain drain to the United States may be decreasing mainly because __________.
A．many foreign scientists are ordered to return to their motherlands
B．they don't need any foreign scientists now
C．there are fewer and fewer good jobs in the USA
D．the universities refuse to provide money for the foreign scientists
3.How many American doctors are foreign - born?
A．About half of them. B More than 20 percent
C．Several thousand. D．About 15 percent.
4.Which is the best title for this passage?
A．How to seek a job in the USA. B．Doctors' immigration to the USA.
C．A strange case. D．The brain drain.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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In 2011, during his freshman year at the University of Maryland, Simon was struck by how much food was thrown away in the college cafeteria. " I was shocked to see someone buy a full sandwich, eat half of it, and throw the other half out," said Simon. "It was not the values I grew up with. " To him, discarded food was a "natural goldmine” he could source to do good.
Four years later, Simon cofounded Imperfect Produce, a subscription-based home-delivery service for discounted “ugly" fruits and vegetables that are perfectly good on the inside, but otherwise rejected from the food supply chain for their looks.
“Up to 20% of the fruits and vegetables grown on farms in America are thrown away because the produce doesn't meet grocery stores" standards," said Simon. "It's often for discoloration, scarring on the surface caused by the fruit rubbing against a tree limb or an atypical shape,” he said. "Sometimes it's the size. " Simon, 29, and Chesler, 27, decided to source this "ugly" produce directly from farms and deliver it to customers for about 30% less than conventional grocery store prices.
"The reason why we created Imperfect Produce as a direct-to-consumer business is because grocery stores didn't want to partner with us,” said Simon. “So we became our own store. " The San Francisco-based service launched in August 2015. Today, Imperfect Produce has more than 200,000 subscribers in 22 cities. The company sources its produce from 250 growers nationwide, and slightly more than half of it is organic. To date, Simon said the service has helped recover 40 million pounds of food from going to waste.
Simon declined to disclose income but said this year's sales are expected to double last year's. The business is not yet profitable, but he hopes to expand the service to 40 cities by the end of 2019 and eventually take the company public at some point.
1.What does the underlined word “discarded” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Wasted. B.Rejected.
C.Disliked. D.Eaten.
2.Why are many fruits and vegetables wasted?
A.They are not tasty. B.They are not nutritious.
C.They are poorly looking. D.They are not good inside.
3.What made Simon create Imperfect Produce as a direct-to-consumer business?
A.High price offered by him.
B.The wish to set up his own business.
C.His desire to offer service to others.
D.Grocery stores" unwillingness to cooperate with him.
4.What can be inferred about Simon?
A.He wants to help the poor.
B.He thinks a lot about the wasted food.
C.He has expanded his service to 40 cities.
D.He expects to make profits from his business.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Just recently I had been wondering if there was much point in doing little acts of kindness.So often they get ____,and occasionally they come back to bite you!
Then,just last week,after a long travel.I found myself____at a bus station.The bus was four hours late!So,I guess I wasn’t in a good____.
That’s when a woman asked me if I had any spare____to help her get a bus ticket.
“Oh,sure.”I said sarcastically（挖苦地）.”How much would you like?”
As I spoke,I mentally kicked myself for my____and reached into my bag for some money.As I handed her five dollars.I heard low sounds from her stomach because of real____.
I reached back into my bag and brought out a____I had bought earlier.I handed it to her with a(n)____that I hoped would make up for my earlier tone of voice.Getting a____look at her now.I realized she was extremely tired, like she had had several months of____days!
As she took the food,a look of____washed over her.In return,she tried to give me a Milwaukee bus ticket!I don’t live in Milwaukee and the ticket will probably____be used,but I took it.
A few minutes later she came back over,apologized,and told me she was still____of five dollars.I took some singles out of my bad and slipped a twenty in there as well.____,the voice in my head told me I was being a fool.
Five minutes later she came back again and tired to____my twenty.When I said it was for her so she could get something else to____,and that I was completely serious and I wasn’t taking it____,she started crying and hugged me.
From now on,when I wonder if it is____trying to help someone,I will remember that woman.Maybe I an really making a____for someone.So,sure,sometimes my efforts might not be noticed,and sometimes they might come back to bite me,but they might actually____another human being!
1.A. ignored B. appreciated C. acknowledged D. forgiven
2.A. examined B. trapped C. confused D. delayed
3.A. habit B. place C. mood D. situation
4.A. change B. time C. hand D. energy
5.A. appearance B. attitude C. selfishness D. experience
6.A. pain B. anxiety C. hunger D. fear
7.A. souvenir B. ticket C. gift D. cake
8.A. shout B. smile C. apology D. praise
9.A. quick B. gentle C. good D. cold
10.A. dark B. tough C. mysterious D. special
11.A. relief B. regret C. doubt D. anger
12.A. once B. often C. sometimes D. never
13.A. ashamed B. aware C. short D. proud
14.A. Eventually B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
15.A. return B. show C. share D. earn
16.A. do B. trade C. add D. eat
17.A. away B. out C. back D. over
18.A. hard B. fun C. useless D. worth
19.A. difference B. profit C. decision D. suggestion
20.A. excite B. help C. educate D. inspire
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level.
Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.
The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.
In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate.
Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.
1.What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?
A.Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings.
B.Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs.
C.Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.
D.Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability.
2.The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________.
A.experience misfortune B.change one’s mind
C.notice the benefits D.make a start
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning.
B.Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings.
C.The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design.
D.Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings.
4.The writer’s main purpose is to ________.
A.explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned
B.emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment
C.explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous
D.inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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There is no doubt that the world climate 1. (change) in recent years. Many people blame this change on gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they breathe. However, many other human 2. (activity) also let off carbon gases. Anytime something is burnt, carbon is put 3. the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to produce electricity.4., the more petrol and electricity we consume, the 5. carbon we are letting off.
One thing we can do to help solve this problem is to walk or use 6. bicycle when possible. Of course, there are times 7. we need to travel long distances. In this case, public transport such as buses and the underground is always a much better choice than a private car or a taxi.
You can also plant a tree,8. trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen. Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at 9. will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction,10. (know) that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research — the mapping of all DNA in a human gene（基因） is complete．Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish．All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away．Human cloning has always been a topic of argument, in terms of morality（道德） or religion．
Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning．If the clone was free of genetic limitations, then the other clone would be as well．The latter could be inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term．Moreover, cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own．
Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs．This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single （or more） organ（s）．It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists．
Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side．Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle” of life．There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of improvement, and, in turn, development — the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment．Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance．Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear, thus leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes, and chances are that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society．
Scientists haven’t 100% guaranteed that the first cloned humans will be normal．Thus, this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”．
Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally．We should rather try to look at all “shades” of it．I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans．Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”．I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable．
1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Genetic limitations will be beneficial for some women．
B．A large number of genes will prevent us from developing．
C．First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists．
D．Forbidding cloning might limit the freedom of scientists．
2.What’s the author’s opinion on cloning?
A．It should be entirely banned．
B．It is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs．
C．It will take away the right to reproduce．
D．It should be used in creating life．
3.Where can you read this article?
A．In a story book． B．In a magazine．
C．In a science fiction． D．In a novel．
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage（1—6 refer to paragraph 1—6）?
A．
B．
C．
D．高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research — the mapping of all DNA in a human gene(基因) is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument, in terms of morality(道德) or religion.
Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations, then the other clone would be as well. The latter could be inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover, cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own.
Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single (or more) organ(s). It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.
Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle” of life. There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of improvement, and, in turn, development — the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear, thus leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes, and chances are that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.
Scientists haven’t 100% guaranteed that the first cloned humans will be normal. Thus, this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”.
Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades” of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.
1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Genetic limitations will be beneficial for some women.
B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing.
C. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists.
D. Forbidding cloning might limit the freedom of scientists.
2.What’s the author’s opinion on cloning?
A. It should be entirely banned. B. It is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs.
C. It will take away the right to reproduce. D. It should be used in creating life.
3.Where can you read this article?
A. In a story book. B. In a magazine.
C. In a science fiction. D. In a novel.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage(1—6 refer to paragraph 1—6)?
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
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My father grew up in Oklahoma during the early years of the Great Depression. He was the only living child of a hard-working farmer and a ________ mother. When Dad completed eighth grade, my grandfather believed his only son would work on the farm. My grandmother, ________, understood the door that education could open even in ________ economic times. She persuaded grandfather to ________ Dad to finish high school.
Dad worked hard and completed high school at the age of 16. At last, grandpa was to have his wish. Dad would work on the farm, easing the economic and physical ________ grandpa carried. But grandmother again ________ grandpa to permit my father to go to college.
After ________, grandpa made the most difficult decision of his lifetime. He walked to the chicken coop(鸡笼子), where he did his ________. Taking a shovel in his work-worn hands, grandpa ________ a jar that held all the family’s savings. He offered the jar and its precious ________ to Dad, saying, "Here boy, go make something of yourself."
Realizing that his family was ________ all their savings by investing in his education, Dad became a steward of those funds. He ________ his bachelor’s degree and then went on to the University of Oklahoma, where he graduated second in his ________ school class in 1936. Jobs were hard to ________ when Dad graduated, so he opened his own practice and lived in a home with a dirt floor. He worked long hours, but I remember him ________ the great books he discovered in the course of his education with me.
Our family was changed by the long walk grandpa took to the chicken coop. Education is ________ an investment in our family. It is a treasure. I ________ my father to college and law school, and all of my children have also ________ higher education. We have been transformed by a sacrifice made two ________ ago by a loving, if not fully convinced, grandfather and a persistent grandmother and that has made all the ________.
1.A. beautiful B. curious C. capable D. devoted
2.A. so B. however C. otherwise D. thus
3.A. tough B. great C. peaceful D. competitive
4.A. permit B. take C. ask D. force
5.A. pains B. troubles C. burdens D. activities
6.A. refused B. begged C. ordered D. required
7.A. graduation B. work C. reflection D. permission
8.A. cooking B. cleaning C. farming D. banking
9.A. picked up B. dug up C. broke up D. cut up
10.A. books B. contents C. bills D. coins
11.A. sacrificing B. storing C. treasuring D. wasting
12.A. failed B. received C. offered D. needed
13.A. maths B. education C. economics D. law
14.A. come off B. come about C. come by D. come on
15.A. making B. writing C. protecting D. sharing
16.A. more than B. rather than C. other than D. less than
17.A. joined B. followed C. advised D. accompanied
18.A. sought B. insisted C. favored D. considered
19.A. years B. centuries C. decades D. generations
20.A. sense B. difference C. use D. effect
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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My father grew up in Oklahoma during the early years of the Great Depression. He was the only living child of a hardworking farmer and a____mother.When Dad completed the eighth grade, my grandfather believed his only son would work on the farm. My grandmother, however, understood the door that education could open even in____economic times. She persuaded grandfather to____Dad to finish high school.
Dad worked hard and completed high school at the age of 16. At last, grandpa was to have his wish. Dad would work on the farm, easing the economic and physical ____grandpa carried. But grandmother again begged grandpa to permit my father to go to college.
After____, grandpa made the most difficult decision of his lifetime. He walked to the chicken coop (鸡笼子), where he did his____. Taking a shovel in his work-worn hands，grandpa dug up a jar that held all the family’s savings. He offered the jar and its precious____to Dad, saying, “Here boy, go and make something of yourself.”
Realizing that his family was sacrificing all their savings by in his education, Dad became a steward(管家) of those funds. He____his bachelor’s degree and then went on to the University of Oklahoma，where he graduated second in his____school class in 1936. Jobs were hard to come by when Dad graduated, so he opened his own practice and lived in a home with a dirt floor. He worked long hours, but I remember him____the great books he discovered in the course of his education with me.
Our family was changed by the long walk that grandpa took to the chicken coop. Education is more than an investment in our family. It is a treasure. I____my father to college and law school, and all of my children have also____ higher education. We have been transformed by a sacrifice made two generations ago by a loving. If grandfather had not been convinced by my persistent(固执的) grandmother, he would not have made the____.
1.A. beautiful B. devoted C. lazy D. curious
2.A. tough B. great C. peaceful D. competitive
3.A. permit B. take C. ask D. force
4.A. pains B. troubles C. burdens D. activities
5.A. graduation B. work C. reflection D. permission
6.A. cooking B. cleaning C. farming D. banking
7.A. books B. bills C. savings D. coins
8.A. investing B. storing C. treasuring D. raising
9.A. failed B. received C. offered D. needed
10.A. maths B. educat C. economics D. law
11.A. making B. writing C. protecting D. sharing
12.A. joined B. followed C. advised D. accompanied
13.A. sought B. insisted C. favored D. considered
14.A. toughly B. kindly C. rudely D. fully
15.A. sense B. use C. difference D. effect
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research—the mapping of all DNA in a human gene（基因）is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument，in terms of morality or religion.
Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations. Then the other clone would be as well. The latter could foe inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover，cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own.
Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This, surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single(or more) organ(s）.It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.
Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle”of life. There would be a large number of same genes., which reduce the chances of improvement，and, in turn, development-the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappea. Thus, leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes and, chances are, that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.
Scientists haven’t 100 percent. guaranteed that the first cloned will be normal. Thus this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”.
Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades: of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs, not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.
1.Which of the following is true according to the passage？
A. Genetic limitation will be beneficial for some women
B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing
C. Prohibition of cloning might limit the freedom of scientists
D. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists
2.What’s the author’s opinion on cloning?
A. Cloning should be entirely banned
B. Cloning should be used in creating life
C. Cloning will take away the right to reproduce
D. Cloning is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs
3.Where can you read this article?
A. In a story book. B. In a magazine. C. In a science fiction D. In a brochure
4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A．
B．
C．
D．