In a unique research cooperation between Stratasys, Education, R&D departments and MIT’s Self-Assembly Lab, a new process is being developed, known as 4D Printing.
The 4D printing concept, which allows materials to “self-assemble (自行组装)” into 3D structures, was initially proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty member Skylar Tibbits. Tibbits and his team combined a strand (缕) of plastic with a layer made out of “smart” material that could self-assemble in water. They advanced this concept by creating materials that can change into several different complicated shapes, though this kind of material remains the bottleneck of 4D technology.
To many people that are just starting to get used to the idea of 3D printers, the name 4D is causing confusion because they cannot understand where this fourth “dimension” coming from. 4D technology shares many of the same principles of 3D printing and is essentially still about creating a new, 3D structure out of certain component; however, Tibbits states the fourth dimension at work here comes from concept of the fourth dimension of time. The difference between these 3D and 4D creations is that these new forms have the ability to transform and adapt over time.
4D printing works through self-assembly — a system where “disordered elements form an “ordered” structure via an interaction. With these 4D printed materials, these disordered materials are strands or sheets of specially designed materials. Environmental changes then stimulate (刺激)a response from them so that they form a preprogrammed shape.
The idea of having adaptable technology that only relies on energy and non-human interactions raises some interesting questions about where 4D printing can be used and the practical applications in dangerous environments. This could mean improved infrastructures in extreme conditions, leading to a reduced need for workers to put themselves at risk, but the potential goes even further than that. The technology promises exciting new possibilities for a variety of applications. A solar panel or similar product could be produced in a flat shape onto which functional devices can be easily installed. It could then be changed to a compact shape for packing and shipping. After arriving at its destination, the product could be stimulated to form a different shape that serves its function. Also it could be used to build furniture, bikes, cars and even buildings. As with many of the ideas being put forward, it is easy to go a step too far into the extreme, but this just shows the potential of 4D in comparison to 3D.
The next stage for the research is to move from printing single strands to sheets and eventually whole structures. And water need not be the process ’ s only energy source.
1.Which of the following displays the fourth dimension of 4D printing?
A. 4D printing creates a new, 3D structure out of certain component.
B. 4D technology reduces need for workers to put themselves at risk.
C. 4D technology can be used in many more fields than 3D printing.
D. 4D printed materials reshape themselves with conditions changing.
2.The major problem concerning the development of 4D printing lies in__________.
A. producing essential 4D printers
B. creating proper smart materials
C. providing a suitable environment
D. promoting practical applications
3.What does the passage lead you to believe?
A. 4D printing will take the place of 3D printing in the near future.
B. Most aspects of our daily life can be affected by 4D printing.
C. 4D printing will benefit humans by saving labor somehow.
D. Smart materials can be transformed into other types of material.
4.It can be inferred from the passage that__________.
A. electricity is not used in 4D technology
B. 4D printing has been applied in industry
C. more potential of 4D is to be discovered
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
In a unique research cooperation between Stratasys, Education, R&D departments and MIT’s Self-Assembly Lab, a new process is being developed, known as 4D Printing.
The 4D printing concept, which allows materials to “self-assemble (自行组装)” into 3D structures, was initially proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty member Skylar Tibbits. Tibbits and his team combined a strand (缕) of plastic with a layer made out of “smart” material that could self-assemble in water. They advanced this concept by creating materials that can change into several different complicated shapes, though this kind of material remains the bottleneck of 4D technology.
To many people that are just starting to get used to the idea of 3D printers, the name 4D is causing confusion because they cannot understand where this fourth “dimension” coming from. 4D technology shares many of the same principles of 3D printing and is essentially still about creating a new, 3D structure out of certain component; however, Tibbits states the fourth dimension at work here comes from concept of the fourth dimension of time. The difference between these 3D and 4D creations is that these new forms have the ability to transform and adapt over time.
4D printing works through self-assembly — a system where “disordered elements form an “ordered” structure via an interaction. With these 4D printed materials, these disordered materials are strands or sheets of specially designed materials. Environmental changes then stimulate (刺激)a response from them so that they form a preprogrammed shape.
The idea of having adaptable technology that only relies on energy and non-human interactions raises some interesting questions about where 4D printing can be used and the practical applications in dangerous environments. This could mean improved infrastructures in extreme conditions, leading to a reduced need for workers to put themselves at risk, but the potential goes even further than that. The technology promises exciting new possibilities for a variety of applications. A solar panel or similar product could be produced in a flat shape onto which functional devices can be easily installed. It could then be changed to a compact shape for packing and shipping. After arriving at its destination, the product could be stimulated to form a different shape that serves its function. Also it could be used to build furniture, bikes, cars and even buildings. As with many of the ideas being put forward, it is easy to go a step too far into the extreme, but this just shows the potential of 4D in comparison to 3D.
The next stage for the research is to move from printing single strands to sheets and eventually whole structures. And water need not be the process ’ s only energy source.
1.Which of the following displays the fourth dimension of 4D printing?
A. 4D printing creates a new, 3D structure out of certain component.
B. 4D technology reduces need for workers to put themselves at risk.
C. 4D technology can be used in many more fields than 3D printing.
D. 4D printed materials reshape themselves with conditions changing.
2.The major problem concerning the development of 4D printing lies in__________.
A. producing essential 4D printers
B. creating proper smart materials
C. providing a suitable environment
D. promoting practical applications
3.What does the passage lead you to believe?
A. 4D printing will take the place of 3D printing in the near future.
B. Most aspects of our daily life can be affected by 4D printing.
C. 4D printing will benefit humans by saving labor somehow.
D. Smart materials can be transformed into other types of material.
4.It can be inferred from the passage that__________.
A. electricity is not used in 4D technology
B. 4D printing has been applied in industry
C. more potential of 4D is to be discovered
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
We have been seeing good cooperation between tourism industries across the Taiwan Straits ______ shape since July, 2008.
A.taken | B.to take | C.taking | D.being taken |
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Though the program was well-designed, cooperation between the two companies eventually_______ because neither of them was willing to make a compromise.
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In a speech delivered on Sept 10 last year, President Xi reaffirmed the great importance of education and ________ more respect for teachers and stronger efforts to enhance education.
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The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A.forced B.forcing C.to be forced D.having forced
8.
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The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
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Many people in China are ________ a “Hope Project”, helping poor children to get compulsory education.
A.taking on | B.taking out | C.working out | D.working on |
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____visa change made by China and the US will witness _____increase in economy, tourism and education.
A. A; the B. The; / C. A;/ D. The; an
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