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I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier , my mother was telling me“Don’t watch the when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the , so he’ll know you it. ”
My mother thus made the key point of a(n) apology: It must be direct. You must never to be doing something else. You do not a pile of letters while apologizing to a person in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your . You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat , by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad .
One of the important things we should do for an apology is a readiness to the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no for the other person to us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling about themselves. That, after all, is the of every apology. It little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s encourages others to take their share of the blame.
1.A. provided B. mixed
C. compared D. treated
2.A. dreams B. courses
C. memories D. ideas
3.A. side B. ground
C. wall D. bottom
4.A. mind B. soul
C. face D. eye
5.A. imagine B. enjoy
C. mean D. regret
6.A. useful B. successful
C. equal D. basic
7.A. pretend B. forget
C. refuse D. expect
8.A. hold on B. put away
C. look through D. pick up
9.A. poorer B. weaker
C. worse D. lower
10.A. fault B. reason C. result D. duty
11. A. cruelly B. freely
C. roughly D. foolishly
12. A. manners B. excuses
C. efforts D. roles
13.A. active B. effective
C. extra D. easy
14.A. raise B. perform
C. admit D. bear
15.A. situation B. need
C. sign D. room
16.A. advise B. forgive
C. warn D. blame
17.A. wiser B. warmer
C. better D. cleverer
18.A. purpose B. method
C. end D. advantage
19.A. cares B. matters
C. depends D. remains
20. A. facts B. states
C. rights D. actions
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I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has 36 me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier 37, my mother was telling me “Don’t watch the 38 when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the 39, so he’ll know you 40 it.”
My mother thus made the key point of a(n) 41 apology: It must be direct. You must never 42 to be doing something else. You do not 43 a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 44 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your 45. You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 46, by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad 47.
One of the important things we should do for an 48 apology is a readiness to 49 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 50 for the other person to 51 us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 52 about themselves. That , after all, is the 53 of every apology. It 54 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s 55 encourages others to take their share of the blame.
1. A．provided B．mixed C．compared D．treated
2. A．dreams B．courses C．memories D．ideas
3. A．side B．ground C．wall D．bottom
4. A．mind B．soul C．face D．eye
5. A．imagine B．enjoy C．mean D．regret
6. A．useful B．successful C．equal D．basic
7. A．pretend B．forget C．refuse D．expect
8. A．hold on B．put away C．look through D．pick up
9. A．poorer B．weaker C．worse D．lower
10. A．fault B．reason C．result D．duty
11. A．cruelly B．freely C．roughly D．foolishly
12. A．manners B．excuses C．efforts D．roles
13. A．active B．effective C．extra D．easy
14. A．raise B．perform C．admit D．bear
15. A．situation B．need C．sign D．room
16. A．advise B．forgive C．warn D．blame
17. A．wiser B．warmer C．better D．cleverer
18. A．purpose B．method C．end D．advantage
19. A．cares B．matters C．depends D．remains
20. A．facts B．states C．rights D．actions
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An international group of coffee experts has considered Ethiopia’s coffee as the best in the world. Coffee is a top export of the country. But at home, it is seen as national pride. Ethiopians feel good about their coffee, and enjoying a drink with friends is a long tradition.
International coffee experts travel the world to find the best coffee. They keep returning to Ethiopia. Some people say the climate produces quality beans. Morton Wenner is a coffee importer. He said, “Ethiopia has different ancient types of coffee. They are planted in places with perfect soil, perfect altitude, and climates that are really suitable for coffee processing, such as drying and things like that.”
Finding the best quality beans is often an issue of taste. The process is known as cupping — tasting and comparing coffee from different roasted beans, grading and then pricing them.
But before international experts come to taste, coffee beans are studied in small coffee laboratories. Helen Assefa, a lab technician, describes the process, “When the coffee comes to the lab, we assess its quality first by recording the details. Then we weigh the wetness level and screen the beans for analysis. After that we polish the coffee beans and taste the samples. At the end we check for imperfect beans.”
Ethiopia is making big profits on its coffee reputation by exporting coffee to more than 120 countries. The country has an export income of more than $840 million a year. But not all the best coffee leaves Ethiopia. Forty percent of the coffee grown in the country stays there. It remains an important part of everyday life at work, at home and at ceremonies just to celebrate that special cup.
1.Where does the Ethiopian’s pride mainly come from?
A. Traditional practices. B. Food export. C. International experts. D. Best coffee.
2.Ethiopia produces best coffee because of ____________.
A. the special coffee taste B. the long-standing tradition
C. the satisfactory mild climate D. the favorable growing environment
3.Which of the following describes the process of studying coffee beans in the lab?
a. polish and taste
b. weigh the dampness level
c. record quality facts
d. analyze the beans
e. check for imperfection
A. d-c-b-a-e B. c-b-d-a-e C. e-c-a-b-d D. c-d-a-b-e
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Coffee is essential in Ethiopians’ daily lives.
B. Coffee is the most profitable industry in Ethiopia.
C. Most of the coffee production remains in Ethiopia.
D. Ethiopians often hold ceremonies to celebrate harvest.
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A true apology is more than just an admission of a mistake. It is the ____ that something you have said or done has damaged a relationship — and that you care enough about the relationship to want it ___.
It’s never easy to admit you are in the _____. Being human, we all _____to know the art of apologizing. Look back with _____and think how often you’ve judged cruelly, said unkind things, or pushed yourself ahead at the ____ of a friend. Then count the moments when you showed clearly and truly that you were ____. A bit frightening, isn’t it? Frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when ____ a small wrong has been done, some mysterious moral feeling is ____; and it stays out of balance until the fault is admitted and regret ____.
I remember a doctor friend, Clarence Lieb, ____ me about a man who came to him with a variety of ____ : headaches, restlessness and stomach sickness. No ____ cause could be found. Finally Dr. Lieb said to the man, “Unless you tell me what’s ___ you, I can’t help you.”
After he ____ for some time, the man admitted that, as executor (遗嘱执行人) of his father’s will, he had been ____ his brother, who lived overseas, of what their father had left him. Then and there the wise old doctor made him write to his brother asking for ____ and enclosing (附入) a cheque as the first___ in repayment. He then went with him to the mail box in the passage. As the ____ disappeared, the man burst into tears. “Thank you,” he said. “I think I’m ____.” And he was.
1.A. assessment B. belief C. criterion D. recognition
2.A. restored B. formed C. reserved D. abandoned
3.A. distance B. way C. dark D. wrong
4.A. remember B. demand C. need D. learn
5.A. delight B. honesty C. sorrow D. relief
6.A. mercy B. invitation C. sight D. expense
7.A. careless B. foolish C. sorry D. thankful
8.A. still B. rather C. hardly D. even
9.A. controlled B. disturbed C. ignored D. protected
10.A. exposed B. evaluated C. expressed D. exchanged
11.A. questioning B. consulting C. telling D. reminding
12.A. troubles B. feelings C. thoughts D. questions
13.A. spiritual B. physical C. likely D. common
14.A. worrying B. inspiring C. disappointing D. embarrassing
15.A. wandered B. hesitated C. observed D. prayed
16.A. warning B. cheating C. suspecting D. accusing
17.A. apology B. blame C. excuse D. forgiveness
18.A. step B. trend C. success D. rise
19.A. box B. passage C. letter D. cheque
20.A. cured B. released C. involved D. refreshed
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Sometimes, something that is considered to be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job. Though he is only l8 years old and blind, Suleyman Gokyigit is among the top computer technicians and programmers at InteliData Technologies Corp., a large software company with several offices across the United States.
"After our company united with another one last October, two different computer networks were driving us crazy," recalls Douglas Braun, the InteliData president. "We couldn't even send e-mail to each other.” In three weeks Mr. Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks. "None of the company's 350 other employees could have done the job in three months," says Mr. Braun. " Suleyman can 'see' into the heart of the computer.”
Mr. Gokyigfi's gift, as Mr. Braun calls it, is an unusual ability to form an idea of the inside of a machine. "The computer permits me to reach out into the world and do almost anything I want to do," says Mr. Gokyigit
The young programmer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch. Mitzi Nowakowski, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and reconnected their computer systems during a move last year. "Through feel, Suleyman can find the position of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight," he says.
Much of the student programmer's speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer. When typing, he listens carefully to the synthesizer (合成器). His long, thin fingers fly over the keyboard. "Nothing seems to shake his attention," says Mrs. Nowakowski, his boss.
Mr. Gokyigit is the only company employee who is available 24 hours a day. "We consider him our top problem solver." says Mr. Braun.
1.According to Mr. Braun, Suleyman ________________
A. can work wonders on computer
B. is the best technician in the world
C. has done a hard job in three months
D. has united InteliData Technologies Corp. with another computer company
2.The underlined part "is at home with hardware" { paragraph 4 } means _________
A. is good at dealing with computer hardware
B. is fond of computer hardware
C. works with computer hardware at home
D. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware
3.Suleyman was quick while at the computer mostly because of ______
A. his blindness B. his attention on the synthesizer
C. his long, thin fingers D. his ability not to be interrupted
4.What does the text mainly tell us?
A. Computer technicians are more likely to be gifted.
B. One's disadvantages may prove to be advantages.
C. The disabled can also play an important role in society.
D. Top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers.
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Americans consider baseball as an American sport. They often refer to something being “as American as baseball and apple pie”. But is baseball really an American sport? And what are origins of baseball anyway?
The American game of baseball more than likely came from several European ball games. Russia had an early form of baseball and so did Germany and Romania. People in England played a game called “stool ball”. In this game, the pitcher(投手)tried to hit a stool(凳子)or chair with a ball and the batter(击球手)used a stick to keep the ball away. But American baseball was most likely based on another English game, which is called “rounders”. Players use a soft ball rater than a hard ball while playing rounders.
So when was the first real game of “baseball” played? It seems that it took place in the 1840s. The father of baseball was Alexander Cartwright, who organized a baseball club in New York. Cartwright developed 20 rules that distinguished baseball from previous ball games.
In 1858, the first organized baseball league—the National Association of Baseball players—was formed. This league began charging fans to watch the games. However, the players were all amateurs and did not get paid . In 1869, the Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay their players. Since they could hire the best players, Cincinnati won 57 games and lost none in their first season. As a result, other teams decided to hire players too. By 1871, the National Association was the first professional baseball league.
Today baseball is liked very much in America. Top professional baseball players earn millions of dollars each year. There are two professional leagues—the National League and the American League. The best teams from these two leagues compete for the baseball championship every year.
1.81.What do Americans think of baseball? (No more than 3 words)2’
2.82. Why was Alexander Cartwright called “the father of baseball ”?(No more than 16 words).3’
3.83. Where did the American baseball most probably come from?(No more than 5 words).2’
4.84.What does the passage mainly talk about?(No more than 5 words).3’
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D
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A. Deciding on a proper sleep position
B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag
C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly
D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.
A. the y circle around on their bikes
B. they use microcomputers without a stop
C. they exercise in one place for a long time
D. they watch a movie while pedaling
3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.
A. their senses stop working
B. they have to stand up straight
C. they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D. whether they are able to go back to the station
4.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.
A. how much exercise they do on the station
B. how they can remain healthy for long in space
C. whether they can recover after returning home
D. whether they are able to go back to the station
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It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other humanservice workers need to understand how certain experiences change people's behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behaviors of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person's experiences.
1.The underlined "siblings" in the second paragraph probably means________.
A. teachers B. classmates C. doctors D. brothers or sisters
2.Which period of children's life does they begin to know to behave well according to the passage?
A. After they go into society B. Before they enter school
C. When they are at school D. Before they are born
3.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education.
B. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.
C. People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.
D. Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well.
4.The author mainly tries to tell us ________in the last paragraph.
A. learning is only related to memory and experiences
B. psychologists are interested in how the brain stores knowledge
C. psychologists are more interested in a person's behavior
D. how the relationship between learning, brain and behavior works
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— Can I help myself to something to eat?
— Of course, you are ______ to, you are our guest.
A．required B．requested C．hoped D．expected
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— He made an apology be blamed what he had done.
— It's really wise of him.
A. so as to not; of B. in order to not; for
C. so as not to; for D. in order not to; of