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阅读理解。
Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new.But robots able to learn how to cook by watching videos are a completely different approach, which is conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Maryland.
If you have posted a video of your favorite recipe on the popular website YouTube, chances are that it will be used by a robot.University of Maryland's professor Yiannis Aloimonos, leader of the group, said “There exists a large amount of video information on the Internet that our robots can capitalize_on.”
“At present, the videos are fed electronically，”said research scientist Cornelia Fermuller.“Originally, we took our own videos, our cameras looking at us doing the cooking，”she explained.“And, as the robot advances, it reacts to good quality videos.And it will react to even lower quality homemade videos.”
So far, the robot named Julia can make a simple salad by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results.
But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed program？Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task, the socalled feedback (反馈意见); another is the introduction of language.
“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical (比喻性的) language，”he added.“But，” he said，“we don't need that to create a new world where the robots will be working for us.”
1.The underlined phrase “capitalize on” in Paragraph 2 probably can be replaced by ________.
A．take hold of B．make use of
C．keep track of D．catch sight of
2.Aloimonos probably agrees that at present the robot ________.
A．can not fully digest what it learns
B．can not make a simple salad
C．can follow homemade videos
D．can understand metaphorical language
3.Robots are taught to understand a video mainly because ________.
A．they can easily follow fixed programs
B．they are smart enough to learn cooking
C．cooking videos are more interesting to watch
D．predetermined instructions are not flexible
4.Which of the following might best serve as the title of the passage?
A．Robots Creating a New World
B．Robots Making Cooking Videos
C．Robots Learning to Cook by Watching Videos
D．Robots Performing Tasks by Following Instructions
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阅读下面短文.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Modern-day robots are programmed to handle tasks that are normally carried out by humans. They are faster and 1. (accurate) than human workers and never ask for a pay rise or take breaks!
Robots are also able to work2.dangerous situations.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas in the United States say that the mobile robots which have been created already are ideal for the job of hospital attendants. These mobile robots store a 3. (detail) map of the hospital in their memory. The robots’ sensors can detect 4. (object) and quickly get out of the way. Although these robots cannot go up and down know how 5. (press)a button of an elevator.
Researchers at the a Massachusetts' university are creating the first robot 6. can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do. These are called polymorphic robots. “Polymorphic” means 7. ability to take different forms. A 3D printer8.(place)inside the robot to create the desired shape. The entire process of changing forms in this manner is called the rapid printing technology which is 9. (fair) common in the car industry to produce complex 3D structures quickly. Once the robot has performed 10. (it) task, it can be melted down and recycled into another useful part by the 3D printer.
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Modern-day robots are programmed to handle tasks that are normally carried out by humans. They are faster and 1. (accurate) than human workers and never ask for a pay rise or take breaks! Robots are also able to work 2. dangerous situations.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas in the United States say that the mobile robots which have been created already are ideal for the job of hospital attendants. These mobile robots store a 3. (detail) map of the hospital in their memory. The robots’ sensors can detect 4.(barrier) and quickly get out of the way. Although these robots cannot go up and down stairs, they know how 5.(press) a button of an elevator.
Researchers at a Massachusetts’ university are creating the first robot 6.can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do. These robots are called polymorphic robots. “Polymorphic” means7. ability to take different forms. A 3D printer 8.(place) inside the robot to create the desired shape. The entire process of changing forms in this manner is called the rapid printing technology which is 9.(fair) common in the car industry to produce complex 3D structures quickly. Once the robot has performed 10.(it) task, it can be melted down and recycled into another useful part by the 3D printer.
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Artificial intelligence,or AI,has been applied in a wide range of fields to perform specific tasks,including education,finance,heavy industry,transportation,and so on.
Education
There are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children ranging from biology to computer science,though such tools have not become widespread yet.Advancements in natural language processing, combined with machine learning,have also enabled automatic grading of assignments.AI has also led to an explosion in popularity of MOOCs,or Massive Open Online Courses,which allows students from around the world to take classes online.
Finance
Use of AI in banking can be tracked back to 1987.Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations,maintain book-keeping,invest in stocks,and manage properties.Also,systems are being developed,like Arria,to translate complex data into simple and personable language.There are also wallets,like Wallet AI,which monitor an individual's spending habits and provides ways to improve them.
Heavy industry
Robots have become common in many industries and are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humans.Robots have proven effective in jobs that are very repetitive which may lead to mistakes or accidents due to failure in concentration and other jobs which humans may find degrading.
Transportation
Today's cars can have AI-based driver assist features such as self-parking and advanced cruise controls.AI in transportation is expected to provide safe,efficient,and reliable transportation while minimizing the impact on the environment and communities.
Toys and games
Companies like Mattel have been creating AI-enabled toys for kids as young as age three.Using proprietary AI engines and speech recognition tools,they are able to understand conversations,give intelligent responses and learn quickly.AI has also been applied to video games,for example video game bots,which are designed to stand in as opponents where humans aren't available or desired.
1.Which is true about AI and education?
A. Robots have been widely used to teach children.
B. AI has been used to grade students’ homework.
C. AI has enabled more students to receive education at school.
D. Education was the first field where AI was used.
2.Which can be inferred from the passage?
A. Arria can help people understand complex data.
B. Wallet AI can help people make more money.
C. Robots’ jobs are considered dangerous to humans.
D. Robots can help people concentrate.
3.From the last two paragraphs we can know that_______.
A. Today’s drivers needn’t learn to park their cars
B. AI ensures safe,efficient,and reliable transportation
C. AI-enabled toys is designed to improve kids’ intelligence
D. Video game bots can fight against you in video games
4.What is the passage mainly about ?
A. The latest progress in AI. B. AI is of great use.
C. Some applications of AI. D. AI is used in all fields.
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Artificial intelligence，or AI，has been applied in a wide range of fields to perform specific tasks，including education, finance, heavy industry, transportation, and so on．
Education
There are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children ranging from biology to computer science，though such tools have not become widespread yet．Advancements in natural language processing，combined with machine learning，have also enabled automatic grading of assignments．AI has also led to an explosion in popularity of MOOCs，or Massive Open Online Courses，which allows students from around the world to take classes online．
Finance
Use of AI in banking can be tracked back to 1987．Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations，maintain book-keeping，invest in stocks，and manage properties．Also，systems are being developed，like Atria，to translate complex data into simple and personable language．There are also wallets，like Wallet AI，which monitor an individual’s spending habits and provides ways to improve them．
Heavy industry
Robots have become common in many industries and are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humans．Robots have proven effective in jobs that are very repetitive which may lead to mistakes or accidents due to failure in concentration and other jobs which humans may find degrading．
Transportation
Today’S cars can have AI-based driver assist features such as self-parking and advanced cruise controls．AI in transportation is expected to provide safe，efficient，and reliable transportation while minimizing the impact on the environment and communities．
Toys and games
Companies like Mattel have been creating AI-enabled toys for kids as young as age three．Using proprietary AI engines and speech recognition tools，they are able to understand conversations，give intelligent responses and learn quickly．AI has also been applied to video games，for example video game bots，which are designed to stand in as opponents where humans aren’t available or desired．
1.Which is true about AI and education?
A. Robots have been widely used to teach children．
B. AI has been used to grade students’homework．
C. AI has enabled more students to receive education at school．
D. Education was the first field where A1 was used．
2.Which can be inferred from the passage?
A. Atria can help people understand complex data．
B. Wallet AI can help people make more money．
C. Robots’jobs are considered dangerous to humans．
D. Robots can help people concentrate．
3.From the last two paragraphs we can know that_______________.
A. Today’s drivers needn’t learn to park their cars
B. AI ensures safe, efficient, and reliable transportation
C. AI-enabled toys is designed to improve kids’intelligence
D. Video game bots can fight against you in video games
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A. The latest progress in AI．
B. AI is of great use．
C. Some applications of AI．
D. AI is used in all fields．
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Our memory naturally declines as we age. We depend on our memory to perform our daily tasks well and do our jobs properly.1.. Nothing is more embarrassing than forgetting crucial information at a gathering. But there are some ways we can do to make it as sharp as ever.
Sleep Well
This is very important if you want to keep your good memory until you grow old. You must give your brain enough rest and sleep so that it can regenerate more cells where it can store more information.2..
Eat Healthily
There are several food products that you can eat to enhance your memory.3.. Have more of beans which contain folate（叶酸）, this is a vitamin B that figures well in brain development. Adding nuts and beans to your daily diet can also contribute to a healthier memory.
4..
Don’t think that you are too old to learn new skills. Try learning a new language or even playing an instrument. Start attending baking or painting classes. It’s not really in the skill that you choose but it’s in the fact that you focus on it for regular periods of time and find it interesting.
Exercise
5.. When you exercise, you increase blood flow to the brain, increase the production of newer and younger cells and protect the brain cells from any kind of damage. Exercise can do a lot of wonders to our body so better start exercising now before it’s too late.
A.Never stop learning
B.Listen to the teachers carefully
C.In school, we greatly rely on it during exams
D.Take responsibility for the mistake you’ve make
E.Eating avocado and broccoli stimulates blood flow to the brain
F.We can never stress the importance of exercise in keeping our memories sharp
G.Try sleeping early and you will find that it is easier for you to focus on the task at hand
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Robots will create double the number of jobs that they will destroy, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF), but there will be significant shifts in the structure of America’s workforce that may impact everyone. The report says that 75 million jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and automation. But it also suggests that 133 million new jobs may be created as organizations shift the balance between human workers and machines.
It is a widely held belief that routine, low-skilled jobs are most at risk for automation, but the report shows that many middle-class roles are also at risk. Financial analysts, accountants and lawyers could all see significant changes by 2022. But manual workers could be among the hardest hit.
Meanwhile, there could be a huge change in the structure of the workforce, with the executives surveyed by WEF expecting a shift away from full-time work to flexible employment with a focus on productivity.
All industries expect big skills gaps, stating that at least 50 percent of their workforce will require reskilling of some degree. The aviation, travel and tourism industry will have the largest demand for reskilling.
（写作内容）
1.用约30个单词概述短文的主要内容；
2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括:
(1) 这一现象产生的原因有哪些(不少于两点)；
(2) 面对即将到来的“智能时代”你所做的准备。
（写作要求）
1.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
（评分标准）内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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--- Could we accomplish the task according to the schedule?
--- I doubt that. The problem remains ______ we can get financial aid within this week.
| A．that | B．how | C．why | D．when |
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According to a new study, preschool boys perform better on tests that measure learning and other important skills when they are in classes that have more girls than boys. This doesn’t seem to apply to girls, though. For preschool girls, the presence or absence of boys does not affect learning.
“The study raises questions about having all-boy or all-girl classes for preschool”, says psychologist Arlen Moller, who led the study. She added, “Previous researches have shown that high-school girls may study better in all-g irl schools. In middle school, however, the effects of same-sex schooling are unclear, and even less is known for very young kids.” To find out, researchers studied 70 preschool classes with a total of 806 children who were between 3.5 and 6 years old. For each class, teachers recorded the student’s progress over a 6.5-month school year.
Their data included scores of motor skills, social skills and thinking skills. Researchers found that boys developed each of these skills more quickly when there were more girls in the class than boys.
In majority-girl classrooms, boys developed at the same rate as girls. But in classes where boys were the majority, boys developed more slowly than girls. Girls tended to advance in classrooms which had any combination of boys and girls.
The study is one of the first to look at how the proportion of boys and girls in a class affects learning. Because it’s a new finding, researchers don’t know why this difference exists.
“This is an exciting topic, but it’s too early to draw any conclusion because this area is so under-explored,” says psychologist Lean Malofeeva of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
81．What is the finding of the researchers led by Arlen Moller? (no more than 15 words)(2 marks)
________
82．According to the research , what effect does a minority-girl class have on boy’s study?(no more than 8 words)(3 marks)
________
83．How does Lean Malofeeva find the study of the researchers led by Arlen Moller?(no more than 6 words)(3 marks)
________
84．List three abilities the researchers focused on. (on more than 7 words)(3 marks)
________
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According to the periodic table,________still some elements undiscovered.
| A．there seem to be | B．it seems to be | C．it seems that | D．here seem |