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A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time．The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise．
They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these “mood words” over time．Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage．
“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi．He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape．“One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media．Maybe these media — movies, radio, drama, had more emotional content than books．”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio （比率） between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events．
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash．But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War．Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends．In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true．
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression （压抑） of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body．”
1.The word "decline" （paragraph 1） is closest in meaning to_________．
A．increase B．rise C．decrease D．change
2.A study of more than five million books indicated a decrease in “mood words” over time except_______．
A．in the use of the words of historical events
B．in the category of fear
C．in the category of literature
D．in the category of joy
3.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．A study of emotional words．
B．A study about vocabulary in literature．
C．Reasons for the use of emotional words decreases in literature．
D．A study on increase in the category of fear．
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A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.
“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
1.A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except
2.According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that
3.What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?
4.While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they werenot sure that
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A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.
“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media — movies, radio, drama, had more emotional content than books.”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”
1. The word "decline" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_________.
A. increase B. rise C. decrease D. change
2.A study of more than five million books indicated a decrease in “mood words” over time except_______.
A. in the use of the words of historical events
B. in the category of fear
C. in the category of literature
D. in the category of joy
3. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. A study of emotional words.
B. A study about vocabulary in literature.
C. Reasons for the use of emotional words decreases in literature.
D. A study on increase in the category of fear.
-
A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time．The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise．
They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these “mood words” over time．Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage．
“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi．He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape．“One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media．Maybe these media — movies, radio, drama, had more emotional content than books．”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio （比率） between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events．
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash．But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War．Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends．In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true．
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression （压抑） of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body．”
1.The word "decline" （paragraph 1） is closest in meaning to_________．
A．increase B．rise C．decrease D．change
2.A study of more than five million books indicated a decrease in “mood words” over time except_______．
A．in the use of the words of historical events
B．in the category of fear
C．in the category of literature
D．in the category of joy
3.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．A study of emotional words．
B．A study about vocabulary in literature．
C．Reasons for the use of emotional words decreases in literature．
D．A study on increase in the category of fear．
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A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.
“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media — movies, radio, drama, had more emotional content than books.”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”
1.The word "decline" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_________.
A. increase B. rise C. decrease D. change
2.A study of more than five million books indicated a decrease in “mood words” over time except_______.
A. in the use of the words of historical events
B. in the category of fear
C. in the category of literature
D. in the category of joy
3.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. A study of emotional words.
B. A study about vocabulary in literature.
C. Reasons for the use of emotional words decreases in literature.
D. A study on increase in the category of fear.
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Fiction books tend to be much more popular than self-improvement books. Fiction books are designed and written in such a way as inspires you to continue reading them. On the other hand, non-fiction books in the self-improvement field are intended to help you settle a problem or reach a specific goal. In most cases, these types of books aren't written in the form of stories. 1. Self-improvement books can open up all kinds of future chances for you. You'll learn new things, be inspired, and develop a deep love for practical knowledge and wisdom. 2.
You'll be able to use the ideas and advice that you learn in your daily life. And once you do this, you'll be likely to get positive results.
3. The secret is to understand your present situation and to have a clear vision of what you hope to achieve in the future. The ideal self-improvement book will be one that fits your present needs. 4. In this way, you can identify all the problems you're facing. Once you've recognized a problem, try to figure out the cause behind it. Then keep the problem and the cause in mind when you come to choose a book.
A keyword search of an online bookseller's listing will usually throw up dozens or even hundreds of results. 5. For example, you can read the foreword, look at comments and consider whether the book can give you the answers you need. The whole process may take you some time but it'll be worth it.
A.And what's the most exciting thing?
B.They read specifically for self-improvement and success.
C.So you need to take a good look at yourself and your life.
D.Then, how can we choose a right self-improvement book?
E.This leads many people to believe the books are boring to read.
F.After picking the book, keep your desired answer in mind as you read.
G.However, there are many things you can do to narrow these results down.
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Li Ziqi, a vlogger who enjoys a fan base of more than 21 million people on Sina Weibo and 7 million strong followers on YouTube, has made a name for herself in her videos that highlight a traditional Chinese way of life in the rural areas of Sichuan Province. Her videos cover a wide variety of crafts related to traditional Chinese culture. From making paper and ink to weaving cloth, from making a silk quilt comforter for her grandmother to building her own bread kiln with blocks, nothing seems impossible with Li’s crafty hands as they work their magic to bring these things into existence. But Li’s most eye-catching, and mouth-watering craft is cooking.
Li scarcely speaks in her videos. When she does open her mouth, the most common phrase that comes out is her calling her grandmother to come and eat. Instead of dialogue, Li focuses on how she works with her hands. Watching her videos, it is difficult not to appreciate their beauty and hold back that sense of nostalgia (怀旧) and longing for home. But it is even harder not to want to take a bite of her succulent dishes, which really remind viewers of taste of our childhood and home.
Glamorous as her present life may seem, life was difficult for her during her youth as she and her grandparents had little to live on. Li herself revealed that she was “economically supported” to continue schooling. She started to work in the city at 14 and would not have returned to her childhood home if not for her grandmother falling ill in 2012. After returning home, Li opened an online shop, Li Ziqi, to sell mostly edible products. To boost sales, she began making short films in 2016 about how these products were created, while covering her life in the rural area, all against the backdrop of traditional Chinese aesthetics (审美). “I started it because I wanted to create something for people to watch and relax. We are all under a lot of stress. I hoped that after a long and busy day, they could click on my videos and relieve some of their anxiety and pressure,” Li said.
However, Li is not without criticism, such as remarks about her “beautifying” life in the country and her use of a professional production crew to help her film. Others have expressed skepticism about how “real” her videos are, and how “amazing it is that she looks so picture perfect after a long day of work in the fields.”
1.According to the passage, we can know the following EXCEPT .
A.it was her grandmother‟ falling ill that made her return to her hometown
B.masses of viewers from both home and abroad are hooked by her videos
C.she never opens her mouth in her videos because she has difficulty in speaking
D.many viewers speak highly of her videos while some of them throw doubt on her
2.What words can be best used to describe Li Ziqi?
A.Aggressive and strong-willed. B.Crafty and considerate.
C.Humorous and stubborn. D.Ambitious and severe.
3.From Li Ziqi’s story, we can know that .
A.Many hands make light work B.An idle youth, a needy age
C.Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful D.God helps those who help themselves
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Young vlogger tells story of China in picturesque videos
B.An Internet celebrity makes delicious dishes
C.Relaxing videos are made with passion
D.The more traditional, the more popular
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There are hundreds of publishers across the world and millions of books get printed every year. Moreover, a book can be printed by several polishers.1.
To overcome the problem of identifying books, publishers have come up with a unique numbering system. For instance, if 50,000 copies of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes are printed by a publisher at one time (called an edition), all of them are identified by one number code. 2. your address begins with your house number, street, locality, state and ends with a statement of the country where you live. An ISBN book number achieves a similar aim of identifying and tracing a book
If you pick up any book, turn it around you will see a number which looks something like this — ISBN 90-70002-34-5. This is called the ISBN number. ISBN stands for International Standard Book Numbering. 3. The ISBN number is divided into four groups that are separated by a space or a hyphen.
The first part of the ISBN identifies the country and is called the Group Identifier. 4.The second part is called the Publisher Prefix. The Publisher Prefix is used to identify the publisher of the book. The publisher prefix may contain up to seven digits.
The third part identifies the title and the edition of the book and so is called the Title Identifier, which may consist of up to six digits. 5.Since you can have the same book from the same publisher but with different editions, the Title Identifier helps to differentiate between them.
The fourth and the final part is called the Check digit, a single digit (from 0 to 9) used to check whether the given ISBN number is correct or wrong. If an ISBN number is incorrect, this means that the book is a version printed illegally.
A.It may consist of up to five digits.
B.So what can the ISBN number do for you?
C.This makes the task of identifying a book very difficult.
D.It is a numbering system that is used to describe the book.
E.Book publishers often come out with newer and updated versions of earlier books.
F.The number Code is your home — address that can only be shared by your parents and
G.The ISBN numbering system helps book stores and book publishers to handle categorize to handle, categorize, store and identify books easily.
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Today more than 56 million Americans are attending a wide variety of schools and universities across the nation．One half of all the people in the country between the 1. of 18 and 25 attend a university．Schools are expected to 2. the needs of every child regardless of his ability and also of society 3. （本身）．This means that tax-supported free education 4. ．（包括）courses in such subjects as sewing, typing, radio and automobile repairs as 5. as in the customary school subjects such as history and language．Students can choose among a. great variety of subjects 6. （取决于）on their interests，future plans and level of ability．There are， 7. ，some basic courses that everyone is required to study，such as reading，writing，mathematics and English．During the 1800’s and early 1900’s，when millions of people 8. many countries around the w9.____ came to the United States to settle，schools were an i_ 10. part in“Americanizing”the children，and through them the parents，too．
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Superstorm Sandy’s march of destruction claimed at least 43 lives and left more than eight million people without electricity by late Tuesday, in one of the largest storms ever to strike the East Coast.
Less violent but still dangerous, the storm swept across Pennsylvania on Tuesday and the northeastern US began its slow process of recovery. As dawn broke Tuesday on the storm’s trail of destruction, it began exposing stories of heroism and tragedy, bad decisions and lucky breaks.
In Broad Channel in New York City, a 29-year-old mother was forced to dive and swim out of her house’s front window with her 8-year-old daughter. And in Freeport, N.Y., Nicole Smith returned home --- to find a boat on her lawn. She asked passers-by for $5 to take a snapshot. A 13-year-old girl was found dead, in her pajamas, a block from her washed-out Staten Island home. On Monday night, Sandy’s waves ripped out the entire deck of Jeffrey Ratner’s home, along with the back wall. Still, Mr. Ratner said, he remains optimistic about the future. “We are going to rebuild it,” he said.
The official warnings to evacuate(疏散)were clear, a couple said. But staying home just seemed easier. “It’s not their fault; it’s ours,” said Mary Norton, 88, head in her hands. “We did not leave.”
New York’s extensive transit system, a lifeline for millions of commuters(上下班往返的人), suffered the greatest damage as floodwaters drowned all seven subway tunnels connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn. Jseph Lhota, Chairman of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, described it as the most destroying in the 108-year history of the New York subway.
Forecaster said Sandy, which had maximum continuing winds of 45 miles an hour Tuesday afternoon, would cross western Pennsylvania on Tuesday night before moving into Canada on Wednesday as it meets cold air fronts. Another inch of rain was expected from the eastern Great Lakes across the mid-Atlantic and into southern New England.
1.The passage mainly talks about________.
A. New York’s extensive transit system
B. when and why superstorm formed
C. the latest information about Sandy
D. superstorm Sandy’s destruction in America
2.Mary Norton and her husband didn’t leave their home because________.
A. they didn’t know a superstorm was on the way
B. they didn’t believe the government’s warnings
C. they didn’t want to take the trouble to move
D. they had no chance of leaving before Sandy hit the area
3.The transit system mentioned in the last paragraph but one refers to_________.
A. the bus route B. the ship route
C. the flight course D. the subway route
4.Which of the following statements about Sandy is WRONG?
A. It had killed at least 43 lives when the news was released.
B. It would move into Canada on Tuesday night.
C. It would bring another rain to the eastern Great Lakes
D. It led to power failure in many areas in America.