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THE idea came to Ralph Liedert while he was sweating in the Californian sunshine, having been standing with his daughter for over an hour in a queue for a ride at Disneyland. What, he thought, if his T-shirt had a cooling system he could turn on, at the tap of a smart phone app, when he needed it. Luckily, Mr Liedert does have the means to make the dream reality, for he works at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, as one of a team there studying the rapidly growing field of microfluidics (微流控技术).
Cooling vests already exist (used by racing drivers, motorcyclists and people who work in hot conditions). But the tubes through which the cooling water is being pumped, and the vests’ need to be connected to outside units that cool this water, make them huge and clumsy. Mr Liedert thought VTT’s microfluidics department could do things better.
As its name suggests, microfluidics is the art of building devices that handle tiny amounts of liquid. Inkjet-printer cartridges (喷墨打印机墨盒) are a familiar example. Less familiar, but also important, are “labs-on-a-chip” (芯片实验室). These are tiny analytical devices that transport fluids such as blood through channels half a millimetre or less in diameter (直径), in order to carry them into what holds analytical reagents (试剂). Sensors, then detect the resulting reactions and provide an instant analysis of a sample (样本). Designing labs-on-a-chip is the VTT microfluidics department’s day job. One of its chips, for example, can tell whether water is affected by the bacteria that cause Legionnaires’ disease.
The department’s biggest contribution to the field, though, is to have developed a way of printing microfluidic channels onto large rolls of thin, flexible plastic. It works by passing the plastic between two heated rollers, one of which contains raised outlines of the required channels. As the rollers squeeze the plastic they create a pattern of channels into one surface. A second plastic film is then melted over the top as a cover. This process might, thought Mr Liedert, be suitable for printing a microfluidic cloth that was thin enough and pleasant enough to wear as a cooling vest.
The group’s first model showed that such a material could indeed be made and used to circulate cooled water. They are also looking at ways the water being circulated through the microchannels might be cooled. They have identified two. One uses a small heat-exchanger, the details of which they are keeping secret at this stage. The other employs evaporation (蒸发). It thus works in the same way that heat from circulating blood is removed by the evaporation of sweat.
Whichever cooling system is applied, the electronics needed to power and control it would be shrunk into a small package contained on the back of the vest. This could be operated by hand or, as Mr Liedert originally envisaged in his Californian queue, by a wireless link to a smart phone. Moreover, what can cool down can also, if run in an opposite way, warm up. In Finland, where winter temperatures fall as far as -50°C, that might be the technology’s killer app.
1.Microfluidics has been used in ______.
A. racing cars B. printing industry
C. testing material D. clothing industry
2.We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. VTT is a company which mainly works on the research into microfluidics
B. the new cooling vest of VTT will be smaller and work more effectively
C. the technology of microfluidics may have a positive effect on medical science
D. heat-exchanger as well as the way of evaporation will be used to cool the wearer
3.______ plays the key role in making the new cooling vest.
A. The special cloth B. The cooling system
C. The tiny liquid D. The wireless link
4.The underlined word “envisaged” most likely means _____ .
A. imagined B. discovered C. viewed D. planned
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He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move.
“What's the matter, Schatz?”
“I've got a headache.”
“You better go back to bed.”
“No. I'm all right.”
“You go to bed. I'll see you when I'm dressed.”
But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever.
“You go up to bed,” I said, “You're sick.”
“I'm all right,” he said.
When the doctor came he took the boy's temperature.
“What's is it?” I asked him.
“One hundred and two.”
Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative(泻药), the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza（流感）can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic(传染病；传染性的) of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia（肺炎）.
Back in the room I wrote the boy's temperature down and made a note of the time to give the various capsules.
“Do you want me to read to you?”
“All right. If you want to, “ said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached（超然的；冷漠的）from what was going on.
I read aloud from Howard Pyle's Book of Pirates（海盗）;but I could see he was not following what I was reading.
“How do you feel, Schatz?” I asked him.
“Just the same, so far,” he said.
I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another capsule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely.
“Why don't you try to sleep? I'll wake you up for the medicine.”
“I'd rather stay awake.”
After a while he said to me, “You don't have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.”
“It doesn't bother me.”
“No, I mean you don't have to stay if it's going to bother you.”
I thought perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o'clock I went out with my gun and the young hunting dog….I killed two quail(鹌鹑), and missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey of quail close to the house and happy there were so many left to find on another day.
At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room.
“You can't come in,” he said. “You mustn't get what I have.”
I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed（发红）by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.
I took his temperature.
“What is it?”
“Something like a hundred,” I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths.
“It was a hundred and two,” he said.
“Who said so?”
“The doctor.”
“Your temperature is all right,” I said. “It's nothing to worry about.”
“I don't worry,” he said, “but I can't keep from thinking.”
“Don't think,” I said. “Just take it easy.”
“I'm taking it easy,” he said and looked straight ahead, He was evidently holding tight onto himself about something.
“Take this with water.”
“Do you think it will do any good?”
“Of course it will.”
I sat down and opened the Pirate book and began to read, but I could see he was not following, so I stopped.
“About what time do you think I'm going to die?” he asked.
“What?”
“About how long will it be before I die?”
“You aren't going to die. What's the matter with you? “
“Oh, yes, I am, I heard him say a hundred and two.”
“People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk.”
“I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you can't live with forty-four degrees. I've got a hundred and two.”
He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o'clock in the morning.
“You poor Schatz,” I said. “Poor old Schatz. It's like miles and kilometers. You aren't going to die. That's different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it's ninety-eight.”
“Are you sure?”
“Absolutely,” I said, “It's like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?”
“Oh,” he said.
But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack(松驰的) and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.
1.The author writes about the doctor’s visit in order to _____.
A．show the doctor’s knowledge about influenza and its treatment
B．show the boy’s illness was quite serious
C．create a situation of misunderstanding around which to build a story
D．show the father was very much concerned about the boy’s illness
2.The pronoun “it” in “Papa, if it bothers you” (line 41) refers to _____.
A．the boy’s high temperature
B．the father giving the medicine to the boy
C．the father staying with the boy
D．the boy’s death
3.It can be inferred from the story that it is _____ by the time the father gets home from hunting.
A．early in the afternoon
B．close to evening
C．at noon
D．late in the morning
4.From the story we know that the boy kept tight control over himself because _____.
A．he did not want to be a bother to others
B．he wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his father
C．he was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himself
D．he thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of death
5.That the boy cried very easily at little things of no importance the next day suggests that _____.
A．he couldn’t control his emotions when he finally relaxed
B．his father would go out hunting without him if he didn’t cry
C．something went wrong with his brain after the fever
D．he often complained about unimportant things as a spoiled boy
6.The theme of the story is _____.
A．death is something beyond a child’s comprehension
B．to be calm and controlled in the face of death is a mark of courage
C．misunderstanding can occur even between father and son
D．misunderstanding can sometimes lead to an unexpected effect
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He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move.
"What's the matter, Schatz?"
"I've got a headache."
"You better go back to bed."
"No. I'm all right."
"You go to bed. I'll see you when I'm dressed."
But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever.
"You go up to bed," I said, "You're sick."
"I'm all right," he said.
When the doctor came he took the boy's temperature.
"What's is it?" I asked him.
"One hundred and two."
Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules（胶囊） with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative(泻药), the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza（流感）can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic(传染病；传染性的) of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia（肺炎）.
Back in the room I wrote the boy's temperature down and made a note of the time to give the various capsules.
"Do you want me to read to you?"
"All right. If you want to, " said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached（超然的；冷漠的）from what was going on.
I read aloud from Howard Pyle's Book of Pirates（海盗）;but I could see he was not following what I was reading.
"How do you feel, Schatz?" I asked him.
"Just the same, so far," he said.
I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another capsule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely.
"Why don't you try to sleep? I'll wake you up for the medicine."
"I'd rather stay awake."
After a while he said to me, "You don't have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you."
"It doesn't bother me."
"No, I mean you don't have to stay if it's going to bother you."
I thought perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o'clock I went out with my gun and the young hunting dog….I killed two quail(鹌鹑), and missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey of quail close to the house and happy there were so many left to find on another day.
At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room.
"You can't come in," he said. "You mustn't get what I have."
I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed（发红）by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.
I took his temperature.
"What is it?"
"Something like a hundred," I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths.
"It was a hundred and two," he said.
"Who said so?"
"The doctor."
"Your temperature is all right," I said. "It's nothing to worry about."
"I don't worry," he said, "but I can't keep from thinking."
"Don't think," I said. "Just take it easy."
"I'm taking it easy," he said and looked straight ahead, He was evidently holding tight onto himself about something.
"Take this with water."
"Do you think it will do any good?"
"Of course it will."
I sat down and opened the Pirate book and began to read, but I could see he was not following, so I stopped.
"About what time do you think I'm going to die?" he asked.
"What?"
"About how long will it be before I die?"
"You aren't going to die. What's the matter with you? "
"Oh, yes, I am, I heard him say a hundred and two."
"People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk."
"I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you can't live with forty-four degrees. I've got a hundred and two."
He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o'clock in the morning.
"You poor Schatz," I said. "Poor old Schatz. It's like miles and kilometers. You aren't going to die. That's different thermometer（温度计）. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it's ninety-eight."
"Are you sure?"
"Absolutely," I said, "It's like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?"
"Oh," he said.
But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack(松驰的) and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.
1.The author writes about the doctor’s visit in order to _____.
A. show the doctor’s knowledge about influenza and its treatment
B. show the boy’s illness was quite serious
C. create a situation of misunderstanding around which to build a story
D. show the father was very much concerned about the boy’s illness
2.The pronoun “it” in “Papa, if it bothers you” (line 41) refers to _____.
A. the boy’s high temperature
B. the father giving the medicine to the boy
C. the father staying with the boy
D. the boy’s death
3.It can be inferred from the story that it is _____ by the time the father gets home from hunting.
A. early in the afternoon B. close to evening
C. at noon D. late in the morning
4.From the story we know that the boy kept tight control over himself because _____.
A. he did not want to be a bother to others
B. he wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his father
C. he was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himself
D. he thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of death
5.That the boy cried very easily at little things of no importance the next day suggests that _____.
A. he couldn’t control his emotions when he finally relaxed
B. his father would go out hunting without him if he didn’t cry
C. something went wrong with his brain after the fever
D. he often complained about unimportant things as a spoiled boy
6.The theme of the story is _____.
A. death is something beyond a child’s comprehension
B. to be calm and controlled in the face of death is a mark of courage
C. misunderstanding can occur even between father and son
D. misunderstanding can sometimes lead to an unexpected effect
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The idea for the new plan came to his mind, ______ to his experiment in the lab.
A. while devoting B. while devoting himself
C. while he was devoted D. while devoted
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Child as he was, he ________ a good idea to solve the problem.
A．came up with B．came about
C．came into D．came out with
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The idea came to him when he least expected it. Alvin Irby was at a _________ when he saw one of his former students sitting in the shop with a ________ look on his face. That’s when Irby realized that by ________ barbershops with books, he might be able to ________ young black boys to read.
Irby, a former kindergarten and first grade ________, knows how important it is for young children to read. He also knows that young black boys ________ often don’t have adult male role models who inspire them to read.
That’s where the barbershops come in.
Irby ________ Barbershop Books as a way to not just get books into the _______ of young black boys, but also create community reading spaces in a place where kids go _________. Since its launch in 2013, the program has created kid-friendly reading spaces in 50 barbershops in 12 states ________ the United States.
“Our belief is that if we can create positive reading _______ early and often for young black boys, then they will choose to read for _______. Because they will ______ themselves as readers.” Irby noted, adding, “This is really _______barbershop Books is about, getting young black boys to say three words: I’m a _________.”
Irby’s idea is _________. And it will continue to _________ thanks in part to the National Book Foundation Barbershop Books recently won the organizations 2017 Innovations in Reeling prize. It is _______ to programs that use reading to make a social impact. The _______ comes with a S10,000 prize. Irby plans to use the prize money to bring Barbershop Books to more communities and to ________ training programs for barbers so that they can create their own community reading spaces.
1.A. bookshop B. restaurant C. barbershop D. school
2.A. surprised B. delighted C. excited D. bored
3.A. combining B. distinguishing C. decorating D. enlarging
4.A. make B. inspire C. suggest D. challenge
5.A. student B. teacher C. coach D. friend
6.A. in charge B. in public C. in exchange D. in particular
7.A. promoted B. advertised C. launched D. prohibited
8.A. heads B. arms C. eyes D. hands
9.A. comfortably B. frequently C. consequently D. specially
10.A. throughout B. by C. from D. beyond
11.A. words B. results C. experiences D. distinctions
12.A. fun B. work C. play D. sorrow
13.A. serve B. design C. identify D. declare
14.A. where B. why C. how D. what
15.A. player B. reader C. competitor D. singer
16.A. catching on B. carrying out C. taking over D. put down
17.A. pass B. express C. provide D. leave
18.A. shown B. delivered C. thrown D. given
19.A. affection B. product C. award D. arrangement
20.A. offer B. develop C. operate D. attend
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Child as he was，he ________ up with a good idea to solve the problem.
A．came B．put C．kept D．caught
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The other day he ______ a dollar bill in the suit he was sending to the cleaner’s.
A．came to B．came across C．came into D．came through
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To the people who came to Christopher Morley Park in Roslyn, he had no name. To them, he was “the ice cream man”. He was just two hands and a smile handing back ice cream from the van（面包车）window. To me, he was my older brother, Andrew.
Once, he worked on Wall Street. But later he spent his days selling ice cream to an endless line of kids, moms and dads in swimming suits, perhaps daydreaming of a beach faraway.
All day long, while he sold bags of potato chips, cans of soda, and all types of ice cream, he would do this sort of robotic motion—turn to the right, stoop down, hand the item out of the window and collect the money.
His drinking days were over now. They neared their end one night after he took a severe beating when someone followed him home and robbed him when he was drunk. It left him memories of pain and misery. He was determined he would never take another drink again.
One day years later, I went to look for him. I slipped into the high driver’s seat and sat quietly watching him work. Occasionally, he would ask me to hand him a diet root beer or a bag of chips for sale, all the time bending over as he worked the long line.
As I watched him sell ice cream from a van window, he taught me something about living this life that we all pass through too quickly. It was a lesson about trying to live it with grace and dignity and style, no matter what.
He died in March 1999. He had served in the Army for two years in Europe in the 1950s. They gave him a soldier’s funeral with a folded flag.
1.Where was Andrew likely to sell the ice cream?
A. On a train. B. In a park.
C. On Wall Street. D. In a supermarket.
2.What did the author think of Andrew’s job?
A. Busy and hard. B. Challenging but time-consuming.
C. Honorable and well-paid. D. Busy but badly-paid.
3.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The robbers. B. The painful memories.
C. The consumers. D. The drinking days.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember his brother. B. To tell a regrettable story.
C. To share a sad life lesson. D. To state his attitude towards life.
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When asked how he came up with the excellent idea, he said one of his childhood experiences was the original ____ to begin his story.
A. application B. evaluation
C. creation D. inspiration