Another type of pollution, ______ thermal pol...

Another type of pollution, ______ thermal pollution (热污染), is caused by fuel-burning.

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind，a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health: PM2.5.

Particulate matter，or PM，is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers，about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系统), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation (炎症) and stress.

The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body，although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.

For this study，10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰剂) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto，where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen－type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated，with each volunteer taking a vitamin B supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid，50 mg of vitamin B6，and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver，chicken and nuts，and B12 in fish，meat，eggs，milk and some cereals.

The researchers found that four weeks of vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%－76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.

1.Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?

A.It pollutes and poisons the air. B.It is too much to be got rid of.

C.It carries viruses and diseases. D.It is easily breathed in and damages our body.

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A.The process of the research was not scientific.

B.This kind of research has been done many times.

C.Further studies are needed to confirm their findings.

D.Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life.

3.What is the text mainly about?

A.International researchers have a new finding.

B.Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5.

C.Particulate matter does great harm to our health.

D.Emission control and regulation are badly needed.

4.The new study was probably published ________.

A.in a science journal B.on a government website

C.in a fashion magazine D.in a medical textbook

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked into the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the severest impact on health—PM2.5.

They found that Vitamin B supplement could effectively reduce the impact of the tiny particles （颗粒）on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. According to the WHO, 92% of the world's people are living in places where the PM2.5 level goes beyond the recommended level. So it’s urgent to find a solution to the problem.

According to this study, published in the PNAS, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰剂）to check their baseline responses. The group then kept on taking placebos tor tour weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1,000 cars passed every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an "oxygen type" face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2.5mg of folic acid, 50mg of Vitamin B6, and l mg of Vitamin B12.

Vitamin B6 can be found in liver, chicken, nuts and other things, and Vitamin B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that four weeks of Vitamin B supplements — the damage of PM2.5 effects by 28-76%. The results emphasized how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight against the damage of PM2.5, the researchers said.

1.What's the newly discovered effect of Vitamin B in Paragraph 1?

A. It can be used to replace other vitamins in our daily life.

B. It can help lower the air pollution level in the open air.

C. It can reduce the impact of PM2.5 on human bodies.

D. It can get rid of the pollutants remaining in our body.

2.What can be learned from the second paragraph?

A. Further study about the effect of Vitamin B needs to be done.

B. Vitamin B is the most important to human's health.

C. The tiny particles in the air are made up of PM2.5.

D. 92% of the world's people are affected by PM2.5.

3.How did researchers draw the new conclusion about Vitamin B?

A. By referring to a journal.　　 B. By performing experiments.

C. By interviewing scientists.　　 D. By comparing vitamins.

4.You may read the passage on a website about　　 　　　　 .

A. environment　　 B. medicine

C. education　　 D. health

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, while others are _____ to the smells of both flowers.

A. sensitive　　　　　　　　 B. native

C. familiar　　　　　　　　　 D. obvious

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The world's largest solar thermal plant(太阳热能发电站)is set to begin producing power in the United States by the end of the year. Wind and energy from the sun are generally considered clean, unlike energy from coal-burning power stations. However, environmentalists now worry that too much solar power development could harm the local environment.

A California company — BrightSource Energy is building a huge solar power plant in the Mojave desert, about 60 kilometers southwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. The plant is known as the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System. Joe Desmond works for the company. "This is actually one of the highest concentrations of sunlight in the world, out here in Ivanpah." explained Desmond. BrightSource Energy will deploy 170,000 specially de­signed mirrors to direct solar energy towards boilers on top of three power towers. The steam produced in the boilers will drive turbine (涡轮) to make electricity. Joe Desmond says the steam can reach temperatures of more than 260 degrees Celsius. "We can store the sun's thermal energy in the form of molten salt, so we can produce electricity even when the sun goes down. There is a lot of interest in concentrating solar power around the globe in environmnents where you have lots of sun, such as China, South Africa, the Mid­dle East, North Africa, explained Desmond.

Environmentalists generally support the idea of solar power, however, many are concerned about the effect of power plants on sensitive environment. Lisa Belenky is a lawyer with the Center for Biological Diversity, a private group. She says environmentalists are specifically worried about the effect of the Ivanpah Solar Project on the sensitive plant and animal life in that part of Mojave desert. "Even though the desert seems big, when you start cutting it up, it can really affect how the species and the animals and the plants are able to survive in the long run,"said Lisa Belenky. BrightSource Energy has already spent more than $ 50 million to move endangered desert tortoises away from the power plant. but Lisa Belenky says this is not the answer. "We should be reusing areas that have a1ready been disturbed, like old mining sites, for example...either on homes, on businesses, parking lots." said Belenky.

There have also been reports of birds dying at the Ivanpah Plant and others like it.

Some birds die after colliding with solar equipment which the animals mistake for water. Other birds were killed or suffered burns after flying through the intense heat at the solar thermal plant. As solar projects increase, environmentalists and developers are considering what to do to reduce bird death.

1.Why is the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System being built in the desert?

A. Because the temperature is extremely high in the desert.　　

B. Because there is no life in the desert.

C. Because there is much salt in the desert.　　　　　　　　　

D. Because sunlight is highly focused in the desert.

2.Why can the plant make electricity at night?

A. Because the sun's thermal energy can be stored in the form of steam.

B. Because the sun's thermal energy can be stored in the form of molten salt.

C. Because the sun'ss thermal energy can be stored through mirrors

D. Because the sun's thermal energy can be stored in the boilers.

3.According to Lisa Belenky, in order to reduce the effect,_____.

A. we should move all the plants and animals away from the solar plant

B. we should guide the bird not to hit the solar plant

C we should build the solar plant in disturbed areas

D. we should build the solar plant in the desert

4.The author’s attitude towards the solar projects is _____.

A. supportive　　　　　　　　　 B. critical　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　 C. indifferent　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 D. cautious

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.

In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.

It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.

We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.

The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.

1.What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?

A.Avoid the use of antibiotics. B.Clear out harmful bacteria.

C.Detect bacterial infections. D.Increase treatment options.

2.What is the advantage of the smart bandage?

A.It saves much time and cost. B.It removes the risk of infection.

C.It prevents the bacterial resistance. D.It improves doctor-patient relationship.

3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A.Traditional bandages are out of use now.

B.More smart bandages will be developed.

C.Progress in science calls for more research.

D.People are urged to study medical science.

4.What does the text focus on?

A.A successful test on mice. B.A colour-changing bandage.

C.Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D.Preventing abuse of antibiotics.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Different exercise types have different purposes and different benefits. One type of exercise may not accomplish all goals of being physically fit: a healthy heart, strong muscles and bones, and safety from injury. As a result, it is important to do enough types of exercise to have all the physical benefits. Here is a quick check sheet.

Aerobic Exercise: To have a strong and healthy heart, you need to do aerobic exercise. This means that you need to exercise yourself enough so that your heart rate, while exercising, is 65 percent to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate. If you don’t get your heart rate up within this level—you just aren’t working hard enough. Whatever you do, your heart rate needs to be 65 percent to 85 percent of your MHR for 20 to 30 minutes, at least 3 times a week. Typical types include:

* Running

* Walking (at least 4 to 4.5 mph)

* Swimming

* Biking

* Elliptical Training

* Yoga

Strength Training: To keep your muscles and bones strong, you need to do strength training. This comes in a variety of forms. Whatever you do, however, you need to train your muscles enough so that they are really tired by the end of each session. To see real benefits, make sure you are strength training 2 to 3 times a week for about 30 to 40 minutes. Typical types of strength training include:

* Weight Training

* Yoga

* Resistance Training

* Plyometrics

Flexibility Training: To keep your body flexible, reducing risk of injuries and pain in your joints and muscles, you need to do flexibility training. You should always aim to stretch every muscle after any exercise routine. Typical types of flexibility training include:

* Stretching

* Yoga

* Pilates

So next time you think that yoga 5 times a week will be enough, think about what it is really doing. Is it getting your heart rate up? Are you making up your strength? Are you keeping your muscles flexible?

1.If your purpose is to _______, you can choose swimming as your exercise form.

A. keep muscles and bones strong　

B. build a strong and healthy heart

C. keep body flexible　　　　　　　　

D. reduce risk of injuries and pain in joints and muscles

2.After reading this passage, we know that ________.

A. Yoga is really better for people than running

B. The three kinds of training have links with one another

C. Flexibility training helps you build up your muscles

D. The more exercise you do, the better

3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “session” in Paragraph 3?

A. meeting　　　　 B. gathering　　　　　 C. term　　　　 D. period

4.The paragraph following this article may discuss_______.

A. how to build up our strength

B. how to choose an exercise type

C. how to find a good workout dealing with two or three of these goals

D. how to be more flexible

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

I credit my typing skill to so many hours of chatting online. Unfortunately, as my typing speed increased on the Internet, all grammatical rules went out of the window. You see instant messages have their own shorthand language and grammar isn’t important, of which even a newbie (新手) is aware. They can leave out articles, subjects (主语), pronouns, etc. They can misspell or “respell” almost any word. They often ask “A/S/L” when they first chat. Abbreviations (缩写) and capitalizations (大写) are particularly important. English-speaking instant messengers also refuse to burden themselves with punctuation and capitalization.

After I came back China, I discovered not one but two instant messaging crazes. The first, which brought back memories of my previous addiction to the computer, was QQ. I can see evidence that the Chinese have the same kind of separate instant messaging language, even when they chat in English. My first word in this language, for example, was “ft”. This abbreviation for “faint” is used whenever there is a need to express surprise. I also discovered that Chinese use the same kind of abbreviation for a laugh. And there is an extraordinary number of smileys (表情符) to the “vomit” and “army soldier” smileys. There is even a SARA smiley.

After QQ, there is another, perhaps more widespread messaging trend. You guessed it --- cell phone text messaging. I now understand how useful text messaging is and why it is so common. I admit that I have been guilty of sending text messages while walking outside or sitting on the subway. Who hasn’t ? No matter where I go, I see people on their cell phones, messaging. In fact, it’s rare to see someone actually talking on their phone!

So it looks as if there is no escape from the instant messaging crazes, no matter where in the world I go. And that’s plainly not going to change. In the end, though, I can’t complain: instant messaging is quick, it’s cheap, it’s easy and it’s extremely fun too. And after all, everyone’s doing it.

1.The underlined phrase “went out of the window” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.

2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

3.The writer believes that instant messaging is ________.

4.Which might be the main idea of the passage?

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

_____there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type.

A. Since　 B. As　　 C. Despite　　 D. While

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

What's your favorite type of music? Most people may prefer rock and roll, pop or jazz. These types are most publicized by television and the radio. Country music now would seem to mistakenly belong to the category of rock or pop. Publicity of this category started to drop only after the year 2000; however, it did have its peak years just before falling down.

What people may not know is that this type of music inspired(促成) rock and roll especially with one of the most important figures in music history-Elvis Presley-who is known as the 6/King of Rock and Roll". Elvis used to be very famous at a radio program which broadcast country music back in the late 1940- s.　 Country music is influenced by jazz and blues. Rock music is also influenced by jazz and blues so that they may even seem similar.

Nowadays, country music is closely related to pop music due to artists' preference and popular demand. Starting from the 1980's it slowly divided itself into New and Old Country Music. Legends like Johnny Cash began to slip away because the new understanding of country music actually contains pop and his music just doesn't fit the category. Fortunately, country music is still heavily promoted through websites and reviews.

Certain types of music nowadays are linked with different age groups. Classical for the people in the mid 19th century, pop in the 1920's, and then there's country music. All these types continue to grow and modernize while still appealing to certain age groups.　 More modern country music compositions tend to become different in their own ways which makes it even harder to identify them as country music while they, again, remain appealing only to certain age groups. Active promoters of country music videos, however, seem to appeal to a large number of age groups especially those active in Australia, for as long as country music isn't mixed with other types, it will eventually regain its charm as music for all ages.

1.It can be learned from the first paragraph that country music____.

A. is most publicized by television and the radio

B. used to be liked by more people compared to jazz

C. has become less popular since the year 2000

D. should be included in the category of rock or pop

2.What is the relationship between rock music and country music?

A. Both types influenced the formation of rock and roll.

B. Presley turned pop music into country music.

C. They are both influenced by jazz and blues.

D. The use of the same instruments makes them sound similar.

3.Some legends of country music began to slip away because____.

A. their songs totally changed the style of country music

B. they began to work on pop music for more profits

C. there is no marketing space for country music anymore

D. they can't meet the popular demands on country music

4.The author seems to believe that____.

A. country music should keep its own style to attract more listeners

B. it's necessary for country music to be mixed with other types

C. only a certain age group of people will like country music in the future

D. common characteristics can be found in all modern music

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析