Scientists have developed a non-stick chewing...

Scientists have developed a non-stick chewing gum(口香糖). The new gum can ________1.________(remove) easily from pavements, shoes and clothes. It’s the result of polymer (聚合体) research at the University of Bristol and could be launched commercially in 2008. ________2.  it catches on(流行), the product will solve________3.________major headache for present authorities around the world.

“A great________4.________(disadvantage) of our Clean Gum is that it is easy to remove and has the potential to be________5.________(environment) degradable (可降解的),” said Terence Cosgrove, a professor of chemistry________6.________helped to found a company called Revolymer to commercialize the technology.

Today’s chewing gums are made ________7.synthetic latex(人工制造的乳液), which is resistant to the weather and is strongly sticky. The new gum adds a special polymer to change its properties(特性), ________8.________(make) it far less sticky.

In two street trials,________9.________commercial gums remained stuck to the pavement ________10.________  Clean Gum came away naturally in all cases.

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SINGAPORE - Singapore on Thursday stuck to its I8-year ban on the import and sale of chewing gum (口香糖), which has become an international symbol of the city-state's image as a strict society.

"The government stands by its decision to ban chewing gum. Chewing gum has not been a significant problem since that ban took effect, there have been concerns that lifting the ban on chewing gum could result in chewing gum litter and weaken ongoing efforts to control littering." Maliki Osman, parliamentary secretary at the Ministry of National Development, told parliament.

Osman said as the reason for the imposition (强迫接受) of the ban is still suitable,  "the government's position is that the ban shall remain." He was responding to a question in parliament from Denise Phua, a fellow member of the ruling People's Action Party who argued that the ban had been used to criticize its tough governance laws.

"I think this ban ... now needs a re-thinking. Surely Singapore will not consider banning sweets because of sweet wrapper litter or ice-cream stick litter," she said.

Singapore, known worldwide for its high-quality clean image, banned the import and sale of chewing gum in 1992 in a bid to cope with the problem of people sticking the gum on chairs, tables, lifts and other public areas.

One of the key reasons for the ban had been the disturbance of services on Singapore's subway train system because of chewing gum being stuck on the doors and causing delays. Singapore partially lifted the ban in 2004 by allowing the sale of chewing gum used for health reasons, such as dental health gum, after the conclusion of a US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement.

Australian tourist Hazel Lane, 48, said keeping the ban on chewing gum was sure Singaporeans wouldn't want to spoil their "ridiculous" and she told AFP that she's own environment and their own image. Angel Wong, 34, a tourist from Hong Kong, however, welcomed the news. She said,  "I come from a country that doesn't have the ban and there's always chewing gum all over the floor, To me the ban doesn't change my image of Singapore so it’s a good thing because it keeps the environment clean."

1. The ban on the import and sale of chewing gum was started in 1992 ______.

A. when people began to buy the gum everywhere

B. to bid to stop people sticking the gum in the public

C. because the gum delayed the subway

D. when the country was in a bid to show its city-state's clean image

2. What can we learn about the ban according to Maliki Osman?

A. The government will keep it ongoing forever.

B. It will lead to littering the chewing gum everywhere.

C. More and more concerns about the ban will make chewing gum out of control

D. Banning chewing gum is still one of the important jobs of the government now.

3. According to what Denise Phua said in paragraph 4, we can know that she ______.

A. would say yes to the ban

B. would think more about the ban again

C. would like the government to take the ban on second thought

D. argued that the ban should be cancelled

4. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. whether the ban needs changing or not has become a problem to be discussed

B. Singapore's subway train system was delayed by chewing gum

C. chewing gum will soon be banned in many countries

D. only the ban has led to the friendly environment in Singapore

5. What's the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. There is such a ban in China and Australia.

B. Different people have their own ideas about the ban.

C. The ban is either welcomed by China or by Australia.

D. The ban does good to keep the environment clean.

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Most schools forbid chewing gum(嚼口香糖), but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores. This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.

Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (肠) can. That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and

more. Scientists might even create anti-microbial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.

Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake. Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes. The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use. For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.

1.The passage mainly talks about _____.

A. the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school

B. new research on chewing gum

C. different kinds of chewing gum

D. the relationship between chewing gum and medicine

2.What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A. Touches.       B. Attacks.     C. Takes effect.            D. Affects badly.

3.According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.

A. stay awake                     B. fight colds

C. cure headaches                 D. overcome nervousness

4.It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A. stay Alert is not easy to store

B. stay Alert needs water to swallow

C. stay Alert is available to the public now

D. we can’t buy gums which cure bad breath now

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Can' t you stand the sound of heavy breathing or sipping soup? Does the sound of someone chewing gum next to you make your blood boil? You are not alone, but you are not going crazy-there’s a really scientific reason why.

If you shrink back when someone twists their knuckles(指关节), you might want to get checked out for misophonia, a brain abnormality that creates “a hatred of sounds such as eating, chewing, loud breathing, or even pen-clicking,” TIME reports. Actually, it’s just one of the strange habits that prove you’re smarter than everyone else. Although researchers first coined the term misophonia in 2001, doubt has been thrown on it by the medical community. But thanks to recent research, it can be safely drawn that everyday noises can ruin people’s lives. A team at Newcastle University in the U. K. examined MRI brain scans(核磁共振脑扫描) of those with and without misophonia while playing a range of sounds. The sounds were either neutral (like rain or water boiling), unpleasant (a baby crying or a person screaming), or trigger sounds (the sounds of breathing or eating).

The researchers noted significant changes in misophonia sufferers’ brain activity when they heard a “trig- ger sound.” Turns out those with misophonia have a developmental difference in their brains frontal lobe(额叶) that causes their brains to react harshly to those triggers. It also causes them to sweat and their heart rates to increase.

“For many people with misophonia, this will come as welcome news as for the first time we have shown a difference in brain structure and function in sufferers.” said Dr Sukhbinder Kumar. “This study shows the critical brain changes as further evidence to convince a skeptical medical community that this is a real disorder.”

1.What is the best title for the text?

A.Keep off such sounds around you B.Troubled by the sound of chewing

C.Can we make use of these sounds D.Never be afraid of such noise again

2.What can be inferred from the second paragraph?

A.Misophonia can be a sign of intelligence.

B.Misophonia is actually a physical disability.

C.The term misophonia has been widely accepted.

D.Noise pollution has ruined many lives until now.

3.What does Kumar think of the research?

A.Cold. B.Favorable.

C.Doubtful. D.Neutral.

4.Where is the text most probably taken from?

A.A guidebook. B.A review.

C.A magazine. D.An interview.

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Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. The new software will allow researchers and wildlife conservationists to significantly cut back on time spent analyzing videos, according to the new paper published in Science Advances.

For species(物种)like chimpanzees, which have complex social lives and live for many years，getting photos of their behavior taken from short-term field research can only tell us so much，” says Dan Schofield， researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University’s Private Models Lab, School of Anthropology. “By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files , it makes it possible to measure behavior over the long term. ’’

The computer model was trained using over 10 million images(影像):from Kyoto University s Primate Research Institute(PRI) video files of wild chimpanzees in Guinea,West Africa. The new software is the first to continuously track and recognize individual a wide range of poses, performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting and poor image quality.

“Access to this large video file has allowed us to use deep neural networks to train models to a degree that was previously not possible,” says Arsha Nagrad, co-auther of the study and DPhil student at the Department of Engineer Science ,University of Oxford .” Additionally, our new software differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to videos with limited manual intervention(人工干预)，saving hours of time. ”

The technology can be potentially used to monitor species for conservation Although the present application focuses on chimpanzees, the AI software provided will be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of AI systems to solve(解决)a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.

1.What is the purpose of developing the new soft?

A.To save wildlife researchers’ time spent in the labs.

B.To keep track of wildlife conservationists' behaviors.

C.To protect chimpanzees and help them to live longer .

D.To recognize and track the faces of wild chimpanzees.

2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Getting photos. B.Analyzing videos.

C.A powerful machine D.The new AI software.

3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A.The working principle of the new software. B.Some limitations of using the new software.

C.The unique advantages of the new software. D.Controversial attitudes to the new software.

4.What can be known from the last paragraph?

A.Technology advance is the final goal of science

B.The new software won’t just be applied to chimpanzees.

C.AI systems are widely used in the wildlife sciences.

D.The application of the new technology isn’t easy.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence (AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of individual chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild. The new software will allow researcher and wildlife conservationists to greatly cut back on time spent analyzing videos, according to the new paper published today in Science Advances.

“For species like chimpanzees, which have complex social lives and live for many years, getting photos of their behavior from short-term field research can only tell us so much.” says Dan Sehofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University’s Primate Models Lab, School of Anthropology. “By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files, it makes it possible to measure behavior over the long term.”

The computers model was trained using over 10 million images (影像) from Kyoto University’s Primate Research Institute (PRI) video files of wild chimpanzees in Guinea, West Africa. The new software is the first to continuously track and recognize individuals in a wide range of posed, performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting and poor image quality.

“Access to this large video file has allowed us to use the newest deep neural networks to train models at a scale that was previously not possible,” says Arsha Nagrani, co-author of the study and DPhil student at the Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. “Additionally, our new software differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to raw videos with limited manual intervention (人工干预) or pre-processing, saving hours of time.”

The technology has potential for many uses, such as monitoring species for conservation. Although the present application focused on chimpanzees, the software provided could be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of AI systems to solve a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.

1.What’s the purpose of developing the new software?

A.To save wildlife researchers’ time spent in the wild.

B.To keep track of wildlife conservationists’ behavior.

C.To protect chimpanzees and help them to live longer.

D.To recognize and track the faces of wild chimpanzees.

2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Getting photos. B.Analyzing videos.

C.The new AI software. D.A powerful machine.

3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A.The unique advantages of the new software.

B.Some limitations of using the new software.

C.The working principles of the new software.

D.Controversial attitudes to the new software.

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.The new software has a quite bright future.

B.The application of the technology can be tough.

C.Technology is the final goal of scientific research.

D.AI systems are widely used in the wildlife sciences.

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Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.

In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.

It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.

We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.

The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.

1.What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?

A.Avoid the use of antibiotics. B.Clear out harmful bacteria.

C.Detect bacterial infections. D.Increase treatment options.

2.What is the advantage of the smart bandage?

A.It saves much time and cost. B.It removes the risk of infection.

C.It prevents the bacterial resistance. D.It improves doctor-patient relationship.

3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A.Traditional bandages are out of use now.

B.More smart bandages will be developed.

C.Progress in science calls for more research.

D.People are urged to study medical science.

4.What does the text focus on?

A.A successful test on mice. B.A colour-changing bandage.

C.Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D.Preventing abuse of antibiotics.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists from China, Sweden and the United Stated have developed a high-producing rice that can reduce methane emission(甲烷排放), a major greenhouse gas blamed for global warming, from rice fields, according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature.

By inserting a barley(大麦) gene into rice, Sun Chuanxin and his colleagues created SUSIBA2 Rice, which stores more starch(淀粉) in the section of the rice above ground, according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature.This means the grains will have more starch while the root will exude less nutrients that will later be turned into methane by microbes(微生物) in the soil, Sun, who works with Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, told Xinhua.

"It solves two major problems mankind faces at one time: environmental degradation and the need for increased grain output," Wang Feng, another scientist, said, adding that the rice can cut methane discharge by more than 90 percent during summer and more than half during autumn, as "the rice displays a greater emission reduction effect in high temperatures." Meanwhile, small-scale trials have also suggested an increased output: a single plant of the new breed has 300 more grains with a starch content 10 percent higher. Wang said the team is working on applications for the rice in different areas, seasons and using different farming techniques. "It's still far away from mass application, but at least we see the light of hope."

Human-induced methane, though less abundant than carbon dioxide in the air, is responsible for 20 percent of the global warming effect. Rice paddies are the largest single source of methane linked to human activity. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, China produces 209 million tons of rice in 2014, or 28 percent of the world's total of 734 million.

1.SUSIBA2 Rice will be a major breakthrough because _______.

A. it tastes with a barley flavor

B. it well balances environmental protection and grains increase

C. it contains more starch than the ordinary rice

D. it gives off less methane in summer than in winter

2.What can we learn from the text?

A. Scientists will soon grow the new rice in large areas

B. Human-related methane contributes most to global warming

C. China may contribute greatly to global warming reduction

D. Rice fields will be reduced all over the world

3.The purpose of this writing is to ________.

A. ask people to cut down on their dependence on rice consumption

B. draw people’s attention to the serious consequences of global warming

C. introduce a new kind of genetically-modified rice and its possible benefits

D. indicate human-related methane alone is to blame for global warming effects

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Most schools forbid chewing gum, but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores.

This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.

Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (肠) can.

That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and more. Scientists might even create antimicrobial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.

Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake.

Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes.

The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use.

For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.

1. The passage mainly talks about _____.

2. What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

3.According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Most schools forbid chewing gum, but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores.

This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.

Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (肠) can.

That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and more. Scientists might even create antimicrobial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.

Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake.

Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes.

The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use.

For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.

1.The passage mainly talks about _____.

A. the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school

B. new research on chewing gum

C. different kinds of chewing gum

D. the relationship between chewing gum and medicine

2.What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A. Touches.    B. Attacks.          C. Takes effect.          D. Affects badly.

3.According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.

A. stay awake              B. fight colds

C. cure headaches          D. overcome nervousness

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A. stay Alert is not easy to store

B. stay Alert needs water to swallow

C. stay Alert is available to the public now

D. we can’t buy gums that cure bad breath now

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析