Dogs have an amazing sense of smell thanks to 300million smell receptors in their noses, compared to only five million in the human nose. Medical dogs are trained by smelling samples of people already diagnosed with cancer and those of people without the disease so they can learn to tell the difference.
Dr Claire Guest began training her dog Daisy to smell out the killer disease in urine(小便) and breath samples（样品） when she was young. So far Daisy has found cancer in 551 patients, of which 93 per cent were accurate. And she discovered Dr Guest’s breast cancer before it was diagnosed– the first time she has discovered the disease actually growing in someone’s body, rather than by smelling a sample.
Dr Guest, 50, chief executive of charity Medical Detection Dogs, said: “She pushed against my body with her nose repeatedly – I pushed her away, but she pushed against me again, clearly upset. She pushed me so hard that it hurt me. “Her behaviour was totally out of character – she was normally such a happy dog ... I felt the tender area where she’d pushed me, and over the next few days I discovered the tiniest lump(肿块).
“If it wasn’t for Daisy it would have gone hidden for much longer and could have been more serious,” Dr Guest added. “My own pet labrador saved my life.”
Animal rescue charity Blue Cross presented Daisy with a medal for her achievements. She faced tough competition, including JJ, a bomb detection dog who has saved soldiers’ lives in Afghanistan.
Steve Goody, the charity’s deputy chief executive, said: “Cancer affects the lives of thousands of people and Daisy has made a huge contribution to the diagnosis and early treatment of cancers – she’s a very deserving medal recipient.”
Daisy is now helping to train a team of 12 dogs at Medical Detection Dogs and is a ‘senior consultant’ for the UK’s first ever trial using dogs to discover breast cancer.
1.Why was Daisy awarded a medal?
A. Because she can help discover cancer early.
B. Because she can smell the urine and breath samples.
C. Because she has saved many people’s lives by barking.
D. Because she has saved many soldiers’ lives in Afghanistan.
2.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “recipient” in the last paragraph ________but one?
A. contributor B. ancestor C. helper D. receiver
3. How did Daisy discover Dr Guest’s cancer?
A. By smelling the urine sample.
B. By smelling the breath sample.
C. By smelling the hidden cancer.
D. By pushing Dr Guest hard.
4. From the text we can infer that __________.
A. Cancer is easy to cure.
B. Daisy and JJ competed hardly for the medal.
C. Daisy is training other dogs to discover breast cancer.
D. Dogs’ special sense of discovering cancer is highly valued.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Dogs have an amazing sense of smell thanks to 300million smell receptors in their noses, compared to only five million in the human nose. Medical dogs are trained by smelling samples of people already diagnosed with cancer and those of people without the disease so they can learn to tell the difference.
Dr Claire Guest began training her dog Daisy to smell out the killer disease in urine(小便) and breath samples（样品） when she was young. So far Daisy has found cancer in 551 patients, of which 93 per cent were accurate. And she discovered Dr Guest’s breast cancer before it was diagnosed– the first time she has discovered the disease actually growing in someone’s body, rather than by smelling a sample.
Dr Guest, 50, chief executive of charity Medical Detection Dogs, said: “She pushed against my body with her nose repeatedly – I pushed her away, but she pushed against me again, clearly upset. She pushed me so hard that it hurt me. “Her behaviour was totally out of character – she was normally such a happy dog ... I felt the tender area where she’d pushed me, and over the next few days I discovered the tiniest lump(肿块).
“If it wasn’t for Daisy it would have gone hidden for much longer and could have been more serious,” Dr Guest added. “My own pet labrador saved my life.”
Animal rescue charity Blue Cross presented Daisy with a medal for her achievements. She faced tough competition, including JJ, a bomb detection dog who has saved soldiers’ lives in Afghanistan.
Steve Goody, the charity’s deputy chief executive, said: “Cancer affects the lives of thousands of people and Daisy has made a huge contribution to the diagnosis and early treatment of cancers – she’s a very deserving medal recipient.”
Daisy is now helping to train a team of 12 dogs at Medical Detection Dogs and is a ‘senior consultant’ for the UK’s first ever trial using dogs to discover breast cancer.
1.Why was Daisy awarded a medal?
A. Because she can help discover cancer early.
B. Because she can smell the urine and breath samples.
C. Because she has saved many people’s lives by barking.
D. Because she has saved many soldiers’ lives in Afghanistan.
2.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “recipient” in the last paragraph ________but one?
A. contributor B. ancestor C. helper D. receiver
3. How did Daisy discover Dr Guest’s cancer?
A. By smelling the urine sample.
B. By smelling the breath sample.
C. By smelling the hidden cancer.
D. By pushing Dr Guest hard.
4. From the text we can infer that __________.
A. Cancer is easy to cure.
B. Daisy and JJ competed hardly for the medal.
C. Daisy is training other dogs to discover breast cancer.
D. Dogs’ special sense of discovering cancer is highly valued.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dogs are known for a strong sense of smell. Their noses can be trained to identify different smells. Dogs are often used in search and rescue operations and to sniff for things like drugs and explosives. Some dogs have even been trained to sniff for cancer in people.
Researchers have been trying to reproduce the extraordinary sense of smell that real dogs are born with. Now, officials at the Glasgow airport in Scotland are testing a new security device called an “electronic sniffer dog”. The electronic sniffer dog represents one of the latest developments in the area of smell technology.
A Scottish company, Cascade Technologies, joined with the French security company Morpho to develop it. The device uses lasers to identify explosive materials in gases in the air. The purpose is to identify explosives that may be hidden on a person’s body.
The machine looks similar to the metal detectors now used at airports. Passengers walk through the machine as the lasers test the surrounding air. People are not required to take off their coats, belts or shoes as part of the security process. And, unlike full-body scanners, the new device does not show images of the passengers.
Officials at Cascade Technologies say the machine can process one person per second and produce almost immediate results. They say future development could cut security processing times at airports by screening all passengers at walking speed.
Professor Yushan Yan, the head of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, Riverside, points out that unlike real dogs, electronic devices do not get tired or need to be walked or require food and water. Professor Yan says real dogs also have other needs. “They also need very extensive training that could be expensive. And when they work they have to have a very skilled handler around them.”
But Professor Yan says there is an important area where man’s best friend still wins compared to technology. “In terms of sensitivity and selectivity, the current technology out there is still inferior. The real dog has amazing capability of identifying some really minor amount of explosives.”
1. The electronic sniffer dogs will be used to____
A. replace real dogs to be as pets for people
B. search for and rescue people who are in trouble
C. help people look after patients in the hospital
D. identify drugs and explosives in places like the airport
2.Which of the following is true of the electronic sniffer dog?
A. The device uses lasers to examine for explosive materials.
B. People have to take off their clothes when walking through the device.
C. The device will show images of the passengers.
D. The device can process all passengers at walking speed.
3. The advantages of the electronic sniffer dog over the real dog include the following EXCEPT______
A. its convenience B. its high efficiency
C. its sensitivity D. its low consumption
4.The underlined word “inferior” in the last paragraph most probably has the meaning of_____.
A. concentrating all one’s effort on a specific area
B. not as good as sb. / sth. else
C. that cannot be clearly understood
D. necessary for completeness
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The police always take advantage of dogs’ ____ sense of smell to search for something.
A. sensitive B. sharp C. practical D. tremendous
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view C. means D. idea
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view C. means D. idea
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and ate often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A．sense B．view C．means D．idea
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view C. means D. idea
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dogs are known for their sense of smell．They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs．Now a study suggests that the animal known as man’s best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer．
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）．Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors, even in very small amounts, in urine（尿）．The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans．
The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner．The man was later found to be skin cancer．Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England．They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment．The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from healthy people．Each dog was tested 8 times．In each test there were 7 samples for the dogs to smell．The dog should signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it．Two cocker dogs were correct 56 percent of the time．But the scientists reported an average success rate of 41 percent．The British Medical Journal published the research．In all, 36 bladder cancer patients and 108 other people took part．During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified（认出）a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study．Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney（肾）．Carolyn Willis says dogs could help scientists identify the combined chemicals produced by bladder cancer．That information could then be used to develop machines to test for the chemicals．The team also plans to use dogs to help identify markers for other kinds of cancer．
49．What’s the general idea of the text?
A．Dogs have a good sense of smell B．Dogs can help cure cancer
C．Dogs can smell cancer D．Dogs help perform experiments
50．According to the text, people who suffer bladder cancer_____
A．often have urine with unusual smell B．probably smoke cigarettes in their life
C．can easily make dogs lie down
D．are likely to die within nine years
51．The underlined word “involved” in the text is closest in meaning to _____．
A．showed B．used C．proved D．preferred
52．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Dogs can only smell bladder cancer．
B．Dogs have a good knowledge of cancer．
C．Cancer doesn’t have any sign in the beginning．
D．Scientists might invent some equipment to test cancer．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. ________1.________
Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. ________2.________ Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.
________3.________.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in the ocean do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased greatly because many parts of a shark are valuable. 4. . Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.
Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. ________5.________ If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of shark may never return to normal population levels
A. The others give birth to live young.
B. Sharks are important for the health of the world's oceans.
C. This is a threat to other form of life in the ocean.
D. Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark.
E. Sharks are valuable to us and we can make full use of them.
F. But some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth.
G. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, “more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter.”
Smell, which dictates(决定) the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes (基因), which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
1.What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?
A. The type of food smells.
B. The logical part of human brain.
C. The nature of human olfactory system.
D. The relationship between food and feelings.
2.Which of the following can help people concentrate?
A. Bread. B. Fast food.
C. Pizza. D. Coffee.
3.What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. Different people are sensitive to different smells.
B. Every person has a different pattern of genes.
C. Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.
D. There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Logic and behavior. B. Smell and its influence.
C. Sense ability and food tastes. D. Olfactory genes and its system.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析