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The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today.The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.

A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.

“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts,” Dr Maxwell said.“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”

"Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas."

Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.

UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.

“The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events,” Professor Watson said.“As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common,we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive.Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient(易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”

1.How was the UQ researchconducted?

A. By observing extreme weather events.

B. By protecting the endangered species.

C. By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.

D. By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened.

2.What does the underlined word “annihilated” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. destroyed B. defeated

C. decreased D. disappeared

3.Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events?

A. Drought caused 13 cases of distinctionin bird populations.

B. Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.

C. Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.

D. Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard.

4.What can we infer from Professor Watson’s words?

A. Animals often show negative responses to extreme events.

B. The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.

C. Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.

D. Complete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival.

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