The world’s longest 3rd deepest railway under...

The world’s longest 3rd deepest railway underground passage, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, opened on 1 June 2016 after many years of construction. Trains can travel at speeds of up to 250 km an hour through the 57 km long tunnel. It took 17 years to complete and cost $12 billion. A total of 2,600 workers involved in building the tunnel had to excavate more than 28 million tons of rocks. Nine people died during the construction. The engineering milestone will bring southern Germany and northern Italy closer together.

Gattardino shuttle trains will be running between the two endpoints of the tunnel and make a stop at Sedrun, a mountain station in the middle. 65 passenger and 240 freight(货物) trains are expected to travel through the tunnel every day. The Gotthard Base Tunnel will reduce the time it takes trains to pass through the Alps, which have been a natural barrier to travel. In the past traders and merchants had to use mountain passes to travel from north to south. The first Gotthard rail tunnel opened in 1882, but as time went on, it could not handle the growing traffic.

In the 1990s, Swiss citizens approved of a government plan to build a new tunnel. The main purpose of the Gotthard Base Tunnel is to increase local transport capacity(容量) through the Alpine barrier, especially for freight. This not only significantly reduces the danger of deadly road crashes involving trucks, but also reduces the environmental damage caused by the ever-increasing amount of freight carried by heavy trucks. The new tunnel is expected to reduce road traffic crossing the Alps as more and more truck companies will put their freight on Swiss trains.

1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “excavate” in Paragraph 1?

A. bury　　 B. wash　　 C. weigh　　 D. remove

2.What is the main purpose of building the tunnel through the Alps?

A. To allow more trains to pass through.　　 B. To enlarge the mountain passes.

C. To control the growing road traffic.　　 D. To reduce the cost of truck companies.

3.What can we learn from the text?

A. Gottardino shuttle trains will run through the tunnel without stopping.

B. More passenger trains will travel through the tunnel than freight trains.

C. Constructing the tunnel can be hard and dangerous.

D. There is only one rail tunnel running through the Alps.

4.Where is the text probably taken from?

A. A travel guide.　　 B. A fiction story.　　 C. A fashion magazine.　　 D. A news report.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Seven years ago,back in 2010,some reports covered a story that the world's longest railway tunnel was under construction in Switzerland.At that point it had already been under construction for over a decade.It had been voted to be built nearly a quarter of a century ago!The idea to build it could date back to nearly 70 years ago—about as old as some of your grandparents!

Yesterday,it was finally ready!

It's 35 miles long and runs 7,500 feet beneath the Swiss Alps,a famous mountain range in Switzerland.It even runs under an old tunnel that was there before.It took a total of 17 years to build at a cost of $12 billion.128 million tons of rock were dug.Two million truckloads of earth were removed!

The tunnel connects northern and southern Europe.The opening of this runnel was such a big deal that the Germany's leader,Chancellor Angela Merkel,France's president,Francois Hollande,and Italy's prime minister,Matteo Renzi,were an there to celebrate,as was Austria's chancellor Christian Kern.

It's called the Gotthard Base Tunnel.Eventually,325 freight and passenger trains will go through the tunnel,relieving a lot of traffic on the roadways there and making it a more environmentally friendly option.The Gotthard Base Tunnel is a wonder of engineering!Make us want to visit it!

1.When did people first have the idea of building the Tunnel?

A. About 70 years ago.　　 B. Half a century ago.

C. Twenty five years ago.　　 D. Seven years ago.

2.What can we learn about the Tunnel?

A. It used to be an old tunnel.　　 B. It has just been completed.

C. It connects all European countries.　　 D. It runs over a range of mountains.

3.What may be the purpose of building the Tunnel?

A. To improve traffic.　　 B. To increase employment.

C. To attract donation.　　 D. To stop pollution.

4.What can be inferred about the Tunnel?

A. It will cause conflicts among countries.　　 B. It will be of little benefit to the locals.

C. It may do damage to the environment.　　 D. It may become a tourist attraction.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.

Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1. (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2. work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,3. (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over4. top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 5. (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been6. (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7.every day.

Later, engineers 8. (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9. (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10. (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible1.(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2. word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3.(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over4. top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 5.(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been6.(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using7. every day.

Later, engineers 8.(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9. (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10.(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

105. The waters of this great lake, which is also the world's deepest, have been ____ by waste from a chemical factory.

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will be the world's longest bridge over water when it1.(complete).The bridge is now2.construction and will be put to use by the end of this year.A journey by land,3.can take up to four hours,will be4.(great) shortened.Now it only takes as little as thirty minutes.

From an artificial island near Hong Kong International Airport,the structure5.(run) west to another artificial island in Macao,a6.(distant) of 55 kilometers,20 times the length d San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge.7.total of 400,000 tons of steel were used in the project,equal to 60 times the steel used8.(build) the Eiffel Tower.

Engineers were faced with complex geological conditions and technical challenges.The building of the bridge combines the9.(late) engineering technology and design,enabling the structure to withstand a magnitude 8 earthquake,a super typhoon or a strike by a ship10.(weigh) 300,000 tons.According to historical data,most big, cross-sea bridges last 100 years while Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is designed to last 120 years.

高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Zhangjiajie is already home to the world's longest and tallest glass bridge, but now architects have gone much 1. (far)．

Two world­famous architects, who won a design 2. (compete), have designed a transparent footbridge. It 3. (expect) that it will cost over ￡4 million 4. (build)．

The bridge will be made up of two layers, so there are some options for nervous visitors. The upper level that connects the two rock faces is in 5. shape of a disk and doesn't have a see­through floor. A winding black stone path leads fearless explorers from one peak to the other. Surrounding the path 6. (be) a layer of water two centimetres thick, which is sprayed onto the path every seven minutes 7. special equipment creating a temporary cloud and mist.

However, the lower level is where things start to get really 8. (frighten). The floor is 100 per cent glass, 9. (allow) brave visitors to look at the valley below. As well as walking across the hair­raising bridge you can also sleep in one of three pavilions(楼阁), all of 10. offer incredible views.

高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

“Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world”. That is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of American’s exports soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969.

In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more than half the nation’s pre-school children, from every kind of economic, racial, and geographical group.

Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.

Tests have shown that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional (偶然的) viewers. In the US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly.

The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than to teaching separate letters.

Why has “Sesame Street” been so much more successful than other children’s shows? Many reasons have been suggested. People mention the educational theories of its creators, the support by the government and private businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch it along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more.

1.“Sesame Street” is actually ____.

A. a street in the US                 B. a program for children

C. a program for teachers             D. a program for students

2.Children who often watch the program ____.

A. can have problems in school

B. will find it a great help

C. will take no interest in their studies

D. will be well educated

3.What is special about the program?

A. It offers great fun.

B. It makes children feel able to learn.

C. It is shown at different hours during the week.

D. Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching.

4.Why is “Sesame Street” so popular in the world?

A. Because it is supported by the government and businesses.

B. Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks.

C. Because mothers watch it along with their children.

D. Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Meet the longest-living vertebrate（脊椎动物）in the world, the Greenland shark.

Found primarily in the very cold waters of the North Atlantic, these slow-swimming sharks can be as big as the largest great whites, reaching up to 21 feet in length. They're among the largest of carnivorous（食肉的）fish, and yet grow perhaps only a centimeter or so a year. Such slow growth yet big size is usually an indicator of a long-lived animal.

“We only expected that the sharks might be very old,” Julius Nielsen, at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, told NPR in 2016. “But we did not know in advance. And it was, of course, a very big surprise to learn that it was actually the oldest vertebrate animal.”

Imagine being 150 years old before you're ready to have your first child! Imagine being born before the United States was even a reality. For humans-who rarely make it to a century mark—it's difficult to fully understand.

Little is known about Greenland sharks, even basics such as where they give birth or how many of them there are, though researchers at a July 2017 conference at the University of Exeter thought that they may mate in “hidden” Arctic fjords. No one has even witnessed one hunting, though they have been found to have various vertebrate ones in their stomachs such as polar bear, seals, fast-swimming fish and even moose etc.

Given the shark's incredibly long lifespans, scientists are diving into the sea creature's genome, looking for clues. That conference also highlighted the work being done to separate the shark's longevity gene, with complete DNA information gathered from almost 100 sharks, including some born in the 1750s. Finding such a gene could go a long way in explaining why some vertebrates, like humans, have such limited lifespans.

These sharks also serve as swimming history books. Their tissue, bones and DNA could tell us a great deal about the waters of the world from a time before the Industrial Revolution, large-scale commercial fishing and the pronounced ocean pollution we see today.

Check out what it's like to swim with one in this encounter with what is a small and young—and yet to us, still fairly old—Greenland shark.

1.What can we know about Greenland sharks from the first two paragraphs?

A.Longest-living, and slow-swimming carnivorous vertebrate.

B.Longest-living, and slowest-swimming vertebrate.

C.Largest, but fast-growing carnivorous vertebrate.

D.Longest-living, largest carnivorous vertebrate but fast-growing.

2.Why were scientists surprised after they examined Greenland shark?

A.Greenland shark can live as old as humans.

B.Greenland shark is the largest animal in the world.

C.Greenland shark can live more than one hundred years.

D.Greenland shark is really the oldest vertebrate in the world.

3.What kind of animals do Greenland sharks prefer?

A.Both polar bear and seal. B.Only fast-swimming fish.

C.Various vertebrate animals. D.Polar bear, moose and fish.

4.What information can we get from the passage?

A.Scientists declare that they have known all about Greenland sharks.

B.Scientists want to get more information from their study on sharks.

C.Scientists consider sharks can only serve as swimming history books.

D.Scientists just want to know why Greenland sharks have a long life.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析