SCIENTISTS have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes (基因) you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern .
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged to take it.”
1. According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
A. Eating healthy food every day.
B. Having the right types of genes.
C. Having a healthy lifestyle.
D. Taking drugs that prevent ageing.
2.According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ______ of people over 100 years old.
A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 50%
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?
A. The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age.
B. The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life.
C. The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases.
D. The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives.
4. According to David Gems, ______.
A. drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive
B. modern science will be able to find more longevity genes
C. it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing
D. scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
SCIENTISTS have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes (基因) you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern .
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged to take it.”
1. According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
A. Eating healthy food every day.
B. Having the right types of genes.
C. Having a healthy lifestyle.
D. Taking drugs that prevent ageing.
2.According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ______ of people over 100 years old.
A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 50%
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?
A. The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age.
B. The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life.
C. The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases.
D. The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives.
4. According to David Gems, ______.
A. drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive
B. modern science will be able to find more longevity genes
C. it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing
D. scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern. The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can... target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged to take it.”
1.Which genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age? (No more than 3 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Whom did Barzilai’s team study? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
3. What can greatly increase a person’s lifespan? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
4.What can scientists do if they are aware which genes control longevity?(No more than 6 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________.
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Just when scientists think they have discovered and recorded every species of insect that crawls the earth they find something new. Earlier this month, Peter Jager, the head of Frankfurt’s Senckenberg Research Institute reported the discovery of a unique eyeless spider.
The creature that has a leg span (跨度) of six centimeters and a body size of just twelve millimeters was found in a cave inside the tiny nation of Laos, in Southeast Asia. It was identified as a member of the Huntsman spider, a large family that consists of 1100 species. However, the other members of the family all have eyes. The spider is the first one that has no eyes. They believe that the kind of spider has adapted to the fact that they do not really need the eyes to such a degree that they have dispensed with them altogether.
But they are not the only creature to have done that. Over the years, scientists have discovered completely blind cave fish, and even a freshwater crab, which happens to live in the same cave as this eyeless spider!
Surrounded by Burma and China on the northwest, Vietnam on the east, Cambodia on the south and Thailand on the west, the landlocked nation of Laos is filled with a large number of new and exotic (新奇的) species. In the last few years researchers have discovered the Saola—never-before-seen antelope-like creature, a small deer species called muntjacs, a tiny stripped rabbit and a rock rat that was thought to have been extinct 11 millions years ago. In addition to that it is also home to over one hundred species of large mammals ranging from tigers to macaques and over 165 species of amphibians (两栖动物) and reptiles like the terrible King cobra and the noisy Tokay gecko, a permanent resident inside most Laos households.
64. 1.Which of the following is the best title of passage?
A.Laos full of a large number of exotic species
B.Laos popular with plenty of strange species
C.Every species of insect discovered and recorded by scientists
D.World’s first eyeless spider discovery in Southeast Asia.
65. 2.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about the unique eyeless spider?
A.The eyesight, identification and family members.
B.The size, identification and the reason for being eyeless
C.The body, species and living environment
D.The size, identification and the species
66. 3.The underlined part “dispensed with” (in 2nd Para) means _________.
A.got rid of B.put up with C.carried away D.taken no notice of
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
1. Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the case.
The ridge (隆起) structure on a person's fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries.Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one, which bears a reproduction of the original pattern.2. Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer's ink.They can by recorded easily.3. Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case.A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain.4.
When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye.
5. Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.
A.Special techniques are used to "develop" them.
B.A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all part of the finger.
C.It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed.
D.With special methods, identification can be achieved successfully within a short time.
E.A latent print is the chance reproduction of the friction ridges deposited on the surface of an item.
F.His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.
G.Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable.
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
__1.___ Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the case.
The ridge (隆起) structure on a person's fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one, which bears a reproduction of the original pattern.2.________ Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer's ink. They can be recorded easily.
___3.___ Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. ___4.___ .
When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. ___5.___ . Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.
A.Special techniques are used to "develop" them. |
B.A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all part of the finger. |
C.It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed. |
D.With special methods, identification can be achieved successfully within a short time. |
E. A latent(隐约的)print is the chance reproduction of the friction ridges deposited on the surface of an item.
F. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.
G. Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.
But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.
Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom. One can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age ——there are plenty of foolish middle-aged people about ——but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes. Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible ; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature ; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.
1.According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result in .
A.years of hard work B.sharpness of the brain
C.rich experience D.his deep understanding of the nature
2.Some people achieve success much later in life because .
A.their work often requires much experience
B.they do not have a chance to show their talents
C.they have to learn lessons from failures
D.they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work
3.The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that .
A.it helps to avoid various mistakes
B.it contributes to one's creativity
C.it encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty
D.it provides the right direction of efforts
4.The writer came to believe that .
A.it is always a waste of time to make plans about the future
B.it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible
C.one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward
D.one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power.
The breakthrough, which scientists say is the first new way to generate electricity in 160 years, could lead to batteries that use water instead of poisonous substances.
The scientists made the discovery when they were investigating what happens when tap water is forced through extremely narrow glass tubes. Water squeezed down the tubes, each of which was narrower than a tenth the thickness of a human hair, generating a small electric current that ran the length of the tube. To produce a larger electric current, the team tried forcing water through a glass water filter(滤水器)that contained thousands of narrow channels lined up side by side. “When we took a syringe(注射器)of water and squeezed it through the filter, we got enough power to light a light bulb,” said Larry Kostiuk of the University of Alberta in Canada. “The harder you push the syringe, the more electric current you get.”
The current is produced because of an effect in the glass tubes. When they are filled with water, positively charged ions(阳离子)fixed in the tubes are washed away, leaving a slight negative charge on the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface repels negatively charged ions in the water while positively charged ions are attracted down the tube. The result is a net flow of positively charged ions that sets up an electric current.
According to Dr Kostiuk, no one has ever thought to use water to produce electricity in this way. “The last time someone came up with a way of generating electricity was Michael Faraday in 1839,” he said. “So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited about it.”
Dr Kostiuk says water batteries might one day be used to power mobile phones and calculators, but admitted that the engineering challenges might make other applications more realistic. “You’d need to be sure it wouldn’t leak, and you’d need to make sure it wouldn’t freeze,” he said.
More likely would be to install the electricity-generating devices where water is already being pumped, such as at city water filtration sites, he said. “It could compete with wind and solar power,” he added.
1.What does the passage mainly want to tell us about?
A. A kind of solar power discovered by scientists.
B. A kind of new energy source found in tap water.
C. The breakthrough to generate electricity 160 yeas ago.
D. A kind of new battery invented without poisonous substances.
2.The underlined word “repels” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. rejects B. identifies C. attracts D. rebels
3.Why were the scientists extremely happy about their new discovery?
A. They were the first to find a new way to produce electricity.
B. They could make an electric current to light a light bulb.
C. Their discovery could be used to invent water batteries.
D. Their discovery was made 160 years earlier than Faraday’s.
4.What can we infer about potential water batteries?
A. They must be used to power mobile phones and calculators.
B. They have some possible disadvantages like water leaking.
C. They would be needed greatly at city water filtration sites.
D. They would be better than wind and solar power.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
At the age of three, I was discovered to be totally deaf. Having consulted many specialists, my parents made a(n) ________ that would forever alter my future. ________ sending me to a special education school for the deaf, they chose an ordinary one for me. All of my schoolmates and teachers there would have ________ hearing.
I experienced great ________ throughout my primary school because, in addition to the problems of ________ with the other students, I also ________ with most of my school work. I seemed to spend every spare moment doing homework just so I could ________.
________ for me, Mrs. Jordan, my 5th grade teacher, changed all of that with a simple three-word phrase.
One morning, she asked the class a question. I ________ her lips and immediately raised my hand. Here was an opportunity to impress the powerful teacher and even my classmates. Although a little afraid when I heard my named called, I felt unusually ________ because I was sure I had the right answer. I took a deep breath and ________ answered Mrs. Jordan's question.
Her response ________ all of us. Mrs. Jordan enthusiastically ________ her right foot on the floor and turned her right hand around in a full circle ________ it pointed directly at me. With shining eyes she cried, "THAT'S RIGHT, STEPHEN!"
For the first time in my young life, I was an instant star. My heart burst with ________. Smiling widely, I sat a little taller in my chair. My confidence ________ like never before. I decided right then and there that I would make a(n) ________ in this world. No matter how many ________ I might come across in life, I knew I could overcome them.
The very three-word phrase entirely ________ my young life. From that day on, my grades and speech improved greatly, my ________ among my classmates increased, and my viewpoint on life did a complete turnabout.
1.A. decision B. effort C. commitment D. attempt
2.A. Apart from B. Rather than C. Regardless of D. Instead of
3.A. strong B. normal C. weak D. sharp
4.A. excitement B. sympathy C. anxiety D. authority
5.A. making up B. getting away C. coming up D. fitting in
6.A. struggled B. handled C. impressed D. absorbed
7.A. leave behind B. turn out C. take off D. keep up
8.A. Gradually B. Eventually C. Luckily D. Subsequently
9.A. found B. read C. observed D. appreciated
10.A. confident B. embarrassed C. frightened D. jealous
11.A. carelessly B. nervously C. casually D. naturally
12.A. fooled B. delighted C. surprised D. upset
13.A. hit B. stepped C. placed D. settled
14.A. unless B. since C. after D. until
15.A. regret B. pride C. envy D. courage
16.A. increased B. declined C. escaped D. built
17.A. fortune B. impression C. living D. difference
18.A. feelings B. obstacles C. competitions D. opportunities
19.A. devoted B. surrounded C. occupied D. transformed
20.A. hardship B. character C. popularity D. health
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The Book of Life
So far,scientists have named about 1.8 million living species(物种),and that’s just a small number of what probably exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other living things covering the planet,it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.
A soon-to-be-started Web site might help.An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia(百科全书) of Life(EoL).The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single,easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases(数据库) that already exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help.Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input what birds they’ve seen and where.To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it.
As the EoL develops,you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature(以……为特色)_____special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods.Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age,and knowledge.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new fool will speed up that process.
1.The Web based EoL aims to _______.
A.find out what covers the earth
B.list all living things on Earth
C.work out the number of birds
D.save the existing plants
2.One characteristic of the EoL is that _______.
A.it is run by school students
B.it focuses on different types of grass
C.it provides different levels of information
D.it allows non-scientists to review its data
3.In the last paragraph,“that process”means _______.
A.analyzing species B.creating a new tool
C.collecting data D.describing species
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have discovered that rats have adapted to modern human life, even adapting their diets to the cities they live in.
The scientists claim that it could be possible that humans and rats have had similar changes in their genetic make-up, due to modern city life. The downside of the changes in the DNA is that they could make rats susceptible to the same health problems as humans, such as pollutants and sugary foods.
The study showed that rats’ diets have also adapted to their environment. In New York, you can see them eat bagels and beer; in Paris, they like croissants and butter. They adapt in amazing ways. The scientists also analyzed the genomes (基因组)of 29 New York rats and compared them with those of nine brown rats from Heilongjiang Province, north-east China. The finding showed that dozens of rat genes had been through major DNA changes over the centuries, as the rats spread from Asia to Europe and America, and from the countryside and into cities.
The changed genes were associated with diet, behavior, and movement, which added pressures and challenges for the rat to overcome. This could reflect the fact that urban rats have to move through highly artificial environments that are very different from natural habitats. So these gene changes might have evolved to help them move more easily through underground channels and pipes.
As the rats are closely associated with city-living humans, the scientists believe that it is possible that similar changes have happened in both species.
In October 2019, scientists used rats to successfully test an enzyme(酶) that could be used to help people quit smoking. Two groups of rats were trained to self-administer nicotine, and over two weeks their nicotine intakes increased, suggesting addiction. Then, one group of rats was given the enzyme, which led to a decreased nicotine intake. The scientists say that the enzyme could be developed for human use in the future.
1.Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase “susceptible to” in paragraph 2?
A.Not likely to be cured of. B.Being disease-resistant to.
C.Very likely to be affected by. D.Being thoroughly exposed to.
2.What does the author intend to show in the third paragraph?
A.Rats in the city are particular about their food.
B.Rats in different cities have different genetic make-up.
C.Rats are distributed in every continent of the earth.
D.Rats have been adjusting themselves to the environment.
3.What is the purpose of testing an enzyme on rats?
A.To explore rats’ survival ability. B.To help people stop smoking.
C.To learn more about city rats. D.To tell apart nicotine and enzyme.
4.What is the best title of this text?
A.Rats Have Adapted to Modern Human Life
B.Rats in the City Have Varieties of Diets
C.Rats Are More Adaptable than Humans
D.Rats Have the Same Genetic Make-up to Humans
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析