The invention of steam engine greatly sped up...

The invention of steam engine greatly sped up the industrial revolution, which _____ a lot to the take-off of the world.

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

___ the invention of the steam engine, the industrial revolution played a vital role in human history．

A．Originating in                      B．Originated in

C．To originate in                      D．Being originated in

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Chemists have sped up evolution, harnessing a process that can take millions of years in the natural world and using it—in months or weeks—to make unusual molecules that today are used for everything from “green” biofuels(生物燃料) to cancer drugs. Today that speed and efficiency was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Frances H. Arnold won half of the 2018 prize for directing evolution in a test tube, speeding up the natural selection of the most productive enzymes(酶) to drive chemical reactions. The other half of the prize went to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter.

All three scientists took Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection, in which molecules(分子) or organisms accumulate mutations(突变) in a slow, random process, and figured out ways to identify and select specific mutations that improve the ability of molecules such as proteins and enzymes. By picking and choosing enzymes with improved abilities and repeatedly refining them, Arnold ended up with one that performed 256 times better than the original.

“This was a revolution based on evolution，” says Claes Gustafsson, a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry. “Now you can use these enzymes to speed up reaction and to replace poisonous chemicals.”

Arnold began her line of research in the early 1990s. In a speech several years ago she said the notion of improving on the natural course of evolution was an idea that needed to come from an outsider. “Twenty­five years ago it was considered the lunatic fringe(狂热者，极端分子)，” Arnold said in 2014. “Scientists didn't do that. Gentlemen didn't do that. But since I’m an engineer and_not_a_gentleman._I_had_no_problem_with_that.”

Smith's research, begun in the 1980s，used a bacteriophage(噬菌体). Genes code for proteins, and Smith got his phages to display those proteins on their outer coats. He then used antibodies to fish out the proteins he was interested in. This process is called phage display. The ability to select specific proteins, cycle their genes back through the phage, and again fish out the best ones sped up natural selection.

Winter put the genes for antibodies inside phages，got the phages to produce antibodies on their coats, and used a small molecule to fish out only antibodies that had a particular kind of binding site(结合部位), so Winter had developed a way of producing highly efficient antibodies in a short period of time. Because of this, Claes says, “Now we can use antibody drugs with greater efficiency and fewer side effects.” Of the 15 most­sold drugs on the planet, she says, 11 are now made by processes based on this method.

1.Why does the Nobel Prize in Chemistry go to Frances H. Arnold?

A. She followed Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection.

B. She found ways to use viruses to produce powerful proteins.

C. She developed a way of producing highly efficient antibodies.

D. She directed evolution and accelerated the natural selection of enzymes.

2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 imply?

A. She was regarded as a lunatic fringe.

B. She dared to break through conventional idea.

C. She took advantage of her gender(性别).

D. She was supported by other scientists.

3.What attitude does Claes Gustafsson hold towards the use of antibody drugs?

A. Critical.　　 B. Ambiguous.　　 C. Casual.　　 D. Favorable.

4.What's the best title for the passage?

A. Revolution in Evolution Wins 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

B. Three Scientists Speeding up the Natural Selection of the World

C. Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection becoming outdated

D. Scientists Finding a New Method for Wresting with Cancer

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

The new invention made last month would have a variety of _______ in industry.

A. discoveries     B. profits    C. guidances    D. applications

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Many of the scientists and engineers are judged______ how great their achievements are.

A. in spite of        B. in charge of        C. in favor of         D. in terms of

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.

A．in spite of    B．in ways of     C．in favor of    D．in terms of

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _______ how great their achievements are.

A．in time of                      B. in ways of                      C．in view of                      D．in terms of

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _______ how great their achievements are.

A．in time of           B. in ways of           C．in view of           D．in terms of

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _______ how great their achievements are.

A．in time of　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 B. in ways of 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 C．in view of　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 D．in terms of

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

　A train sped up through the countryside at 60 mph as a“traveller”relaxes with his newspaper. But this is no businessman taking it easy—the driver of the passenger express（快车）is doing the reading.

　A Sunday Express reader caught this Virgin employee on film as the train sped through Derbyshire on its way to Plymouth from Newcastle.

　Virgin，which has come under repeated criticism over their rail service, yesterday fired the driver after being shown the photograph. A spokesman said an inquiry（调查）was under way to make sure exactly what he was doing and why he appeared to have taken his eyes off the track ahead.

　The picture comes in the week that the public inquiry into the Southall rail disaster, which claimed seven lives, heard that the driver at the centre of that case had earlier been spotted with his feet on the control button of his cab.

　Larry Harrison，who worked for Great Western Trains，drove through two warning signals before crashing at 60 mph into a waiting train.

　The reader who took this picture was standing on a bridge outside Chesterfield early one summer’s evening. He said，“I only realized what I’d got when I had the pictures developed. I couldn’t believe it.”

　“As far as I could see，there was no one else in the cab with the drive，unless they were hiding, The person with the paper open was certainly sitting in the driver’s normal seat.”

　The photographer works on the railways and does not want to be named，but he added，“I’ve seen many drivers with their feet on the control panel but I’ve never seen them reading papers like this. There is an automatic warning system and driver’s safety device which reminds him when he passes yellow and red signals. But you should never take your eyes off the track and rely only on sounds because you could have unexpected objects on the line or suddenly have speed limits given.”

63．Who is the“traveller”mentioned in the first paragraph？

A．A train driver. 　　　　B．A businessman.

C．A passenger. 　　　　　 D．A newspaper reader.

64．The train ______________when the picture was taken.

A．was driving to Plymouth

B．was ready for a picture

C．had seven people on it

D．crashed into another train

65．Who took the picture of the driver of the passenger express？

A．A professional photographer.

B．A newspaper reporter.

C．Another train driver.

D．A member of the railway staff.

66．According to what we have read，we may find this passage most probably______________.

A．at a train station

B．from a news report

C．from a driver’s safety guide

D．from the police inquiry

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析