Usually a meteorological observatory (̨) ____...

Usually a meteorological observatory (̨) _____ air quality in urban areas from one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor, and dangerous.

A. identifies       B. purifies       C. classifies       D. clarifies

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Usually a meteorological observatory (̨) _____ air quality in urban areas from one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor, and dangerous.

A. identifies       B. purifies       C. classifies       D. clarifies

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Air pollution is one of the hottest topics at present because poor air quality is an important factor in both the incidence and cause of respiratory(呼吸道) diseases.

Zhong Nanshan, a deputy to the NPC and a member of the CAE, said recently when the concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 micrograms per cubic meter, hospitalization may rise by as much as 3.1 percent. Meanwhile, when the concentration of PM2.5 rises from 25 mgs per cubic meter to 200, the average daily death rate may rise to 11 percent.

Zhi Xiuyi, a leading expert in lung cancer treatment and also vice-president of the CATS, said medical authorities used to focus on tobacco control as a primary means of preventing lung cancer. "But in fact, air pollution is no less harmful than smoking and our research team released a report earlier this year showing that the cancer rate in Beijing is closely related to industrialization," he said.

The report, conducted by the Beijing Institute of Cancer Research, shows that the number of cancer patients in China has increased markedly during the past ten years. Chaoyang District, the city's main area of industrialization, has the highest incidence of cancer, almost double that of Yanqing, an area on the outskirts of the city. About four out of 1000 Chaoyang residents have some form of the disease, with lung cancer at the top of the list.

"The risk of having cancer largely depends on the length of exposure and the concentration of noxious gases(有毒气体的浓度)," said Zhi. In response to the doubt whether seven years' exposure to poor air quality will almost result in cancer, Zhi said the time scale was taken from research overseas that suggested the rate of incidence generally peaked in the seventh year of exposure to a heavily polluted environment.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Medical researches on environment.

B. The disadvantages in big cities.

C. The only reason for the lung cancer.

D. Poor air quality contributing to lung cancer.

2.What can you conclude from the 3rd paragraph?

A. Compared with smoking, air pollution is more harmful.

B. Air pollution is as harmful as smoking.

C. It is very important to prevent people from smoking.

D. People realize the importance of keeping healthy.

3.If there were 3,000,000 people in Chaoyang District, how many would have respiratory diseases?

A. 16000　　　　 B. 12000　　　　 C. 8000　　　　　 D. 7500

4.What can you infer from the passage?

A. Industrialization has its weakness as well as strengths.

B. The average death rate rises with different ages and places.

C. The air in Beijing is much more polluted than that in the other cities.

D. The more heavily-polluted air you breathe in, the sooner you’ll have cancer.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Planting trees around poultry farms can improve air and water quality -- and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia(氨). They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.

The trees take dust, ammonia and odors in their leaves. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.

Several years ago, people were objecting to the odor of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United State s. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.

Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow. But then farms began to use new ventilation systems. Instead of windows, the new systems used tunnel fans to circulate air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.

Researchers began dealing with the problem in two thousand. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by eighteen percent.

Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.

1.The second paragraph mainly tells us ______.

2.The word “odor” in paragraph 3 means ______.

3.The farms on the Delmarva Peninsula used to use ______ in chicken houses to provide fresh air.

4.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ______.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Air quality in Shanghai worsened last week compared with the previous week, according to the latest report from the Shanghai Environment Monitoring Centre.

The average air pollution index (API) for sulphur dioxide (SO₂) remain almost unchanged from the previous week, but the APIs for nitrogen oxide (NOx) and total suspended (悬浮) particles (TSP) rose by 35 and 27 percent.    The overall quality still belonged to class 2 category. Nitrogen oxide, caused mainly by vehicle exhaust and burning of cooking gas, was still the major pollutant of the week.

The Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre operates six automatic air monitors in the city’s Putuo, Yangpu, Luwan, Hongkou, Jing’an and Xuhui districts.

API

0   12      13       14       15      16       17      18(October)

0-50: excellent               51-100: good           101-200: slight pollution

201-300: medium pollution     301-400: heavy pollution

1.Judging from the chart, on which day was the air quality the worst?

A. October 13.         B. October 14.        C. October 17.              D. October 18.

2.Which of the following can be used to describe the air quality of the week?

A. GoodB. Seriously polluted.  C. Excellent.      D. Slightly polluted.

3.Six automatic air monitors are operated in the city except ________.

A. Putuo District      B. Xuhui District     C. Chang’an District D. Hongkou District

4.In Shanghai, nitrogen oxide mainly comes from ________.

A. the burning natural gasB. the burning cooking gas

C. the burning coal                       D. dust raised by vehicles

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there.

In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.

Mexico City isn’t the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area’s 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.

Mexico City’s temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world’s dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases.

Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.

For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region’s rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.

1.How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?

A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week.

B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday.

C. By limiting the number of new cars.

D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.

2.What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?

A. Raised the number of public vehicles.

B. Offered free bus and subway rides.

C. Introduced more travel options.

D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city.

3.What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?

A. Alternate-day rules.

B. Tax rises.

C. Congestion charge.

D. The rainy season.

4.What’s the best title for the passage?

A. Mexico —an Island Plateau

B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico

C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones

D. How to Improve Air Quality

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Compared with the previous week, air quality in Shanghai became worse last week , according to the latest report from the Shanghai Environment Monitoring Centre．

The average air pollution index （API） for sulphur dioxide （SO2） remain almost unchanged from the previous week, but the APIs for nitrogen oxide （NOx） and total suspended （悬浮） particles （TSP） rose by 35 and 27 percent．

The overall quality still belonged to class 2 category．Nitrogen oxide, caused mainly by vehicle exhaust and burning of cooking gas, was still the major pollutant of the week．

The Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre operates six automatic air monitors in the city’s Putuo, Yangpu, Luwan, Hongkou, Jing’an and Xuhui districts．

1.Judging from the chart, on which day was the air quality the worst?

A．October 13．    B．October 14．    C．October 17．    D．October 18．

2.Which of the following can be used to describe the air quality of the week?

A．Good．               B．Seriously polluted．

C．Excellent．                  D．Slightly polluted．

3.Six automatic air monitors are operated in the city except ________．

A．Putuo District

B．Xuhui District

C．Chang’an District

D．Hongkou District

4.In shanghai, nitrogen oxide mainly comes from ________．

A．the burning natural gas

B．the burning cooking gas

C．the burning coal

D．dust raised by vehicles

5.This passage is obviously taken from ________．

A．a magazine about air pollution

B．a scientific report from TV

C．the weather column in a newspaper

D．the traveling guide to Shanghai

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Raymond Wang, 17, of Canada was awarded first place for a device that improves air quality on airplanes while cutting down the spreading of diseases at this year’s Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).

According to Intel, Wang's system improves the quality of fresh air in a plane cabin by more than 190 per cent, while cutting diseases by up to 55 times, compared to conventional designs. Intel noted that Wang's invention could be easily and economically fixed into existing airplanes.

Two other teen researchers earned awards of $50,000 each at the event. One developed a technique to more quickly diagnose diseases caused by HIV. It’s the virus responsible for AIDS. The other invented a device to more quickly shut down undersea oil spills.

“Intel believes young people are the key to future innovation and that in order to confront the global challenges of tomorrow, we need students from all backgrounds to get involved in science, technology and engineering,” says Wendy Hawkins, executive director of the Intel Foundation. “We hope these winners will inspire other young people to pursue their interest in these fields,” she says, “and apply their curiosity and creativity to the common good.”

This year's Intel International Science and Engineering Fair featured approximately 1,700 young scientists selected from more than 75 countries and regions. In addition to the top winners, 600 finalists received awards and prizes for their innovative research.

The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair honours the world’s most promising student scientists, inventors and engineers. Their projects are then evaluated online by nearly 1,000 judges from almost every scientific field.

The 2015 Intel ISEF is funded jointly by Intel and the Intel Foundation with additional awards and support from dozens of other academic, governmental and scientific organizations. This year, US$4 million was awarded.

1.Compared to traditional designs, Raymond Wang’s system _________.

A. prevents oceans from oil pollution quickly

B. improves air quality on airplanes effectively

C. treats diseases happening on airplanes quickly

D. costs more but can be easily fixed into airplanes

2.For what purpose is Intel ISEF carried out?

A. To inspire teenagers to challenge the authorities.

B. To persuade more teens to do good to the society.

C. To get more teens involved in computer exploring.

D. To encourage young people to get interested in science.

3.What do we know about 2015 Intel ISEF?

A. More than 30% of finalists receive awards and prizes.

B. Scientists all over the world compete for grand prizes.

C. Nearly 1000 judges are present at the site of competition.

D. US$4 million awards and prizes are offered by Intel alone.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A giant helium(氦) balloon is telling residents of Paris how good or bad the air quality is. When it’s good, the balloon ----measuring 22 meters wide and 32 meters high---shines green. _________, it’s red.

A. Though terrible           B. Whenever good            C. If worse           D. When bad

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

This winter, the air quality over the north China plain was so bad that it was actually off the standard scale. The air pollution reached levels that the World Health Organization describes as dangerous. On Thursday, heavy smog blanketed most of northern and eastern China again.

It is reasonable to ask why the air pollution is so bad this winter. Weather conditions and topographic(地形学的) factors have been given as reasons, but, although contributing factors, these are not to blame. The worsening air pollution is linked to an energy mix that relies heavily on coal and to motor vehicle emissions(排放). But despite the astonishing growth of motor vehicles in our cities, it is the burning of coal that is the biggest cause of air pollution. More than half of the country's power plants are located in the eastern region and China's coal consumption has more than doubled in the past decade, reaching 3.8 billion tons last year, accounting for almost half the world's total coal consumption. And with coal occupying nearly 70 percent of the country's primary energy consumption, it has become critical to reduce the use of coal if we are to solve the nation's overall air pollution problem.

In the face of the poisonous air recently, one citizen said, "we have nothing but hot air to purify the skies". In fact, the government plans to have 350 billion yuan ($55.67 billion) investment in improving coal-fired facilities and limiting the use of yellow-label cars that do not meet the Euro I emissions standard and so on.

However, it would be far more effective to reduce emissions at the source, which means that the biggest challenge currently facing government departments is saying "no" to the country's air polluting offenders. According to the Joint Prevention and Control Plan on Air Pollution in Key Regions released recently by the State Council, the amount of coal the nation consumes is set to rise by 30 percent during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan. This is not going to let anyone breathe easier.

This highlights a key problem when it comes to environmental issues in this country - economic development comes first. The fundamental cause of the worsening air pollution is the idea of economic growth at any cost, which has resulted in ever-worsening pollution. And the priority(优先权)given to economic growth presents another problem, namely the failure of existing environmental protection policies and regulations to control pollution. For instance, the current weak regulations covering emissions would suggest there has been a significant reduction in emissions when clearly this is not the case. Also those enterprises found breaking the regulations are still far lower than the cost of treating the pollution they produce. This means even if many large-scale enterprises with lagging production capacity(能力) fail to meet the requirements for environmental protection, the environmental protection department is incapable of shutting these enterprises down or forcing their relocation.

Dealing with air pollution requires taking action at the local level to reduce vehicle emissions and at the regional level to reduce industrial emissions. But it also requires giving more priority to environmental issues in policymaking. Our hope is that the environmental protection department will be truly capable of saying "no" to pollution, and it will raise standards and effectively enforce them, and that governments at all levels will prioritize quality of life not just economic growth.

1.The writer mentions the heavy smog in parts of China in Paragraph1 in order to_____.

A. remind people to stay in doors because of the bad air quality

B. show people’s concern about the priority to economic growth

C. introduce the issue about the serious air pollution

D. highlight the importance of government’s policies and regulations

2.Why is it a big challenge for the government to say “no” to the air polluting offenders in China?

A. Because enterprises are encouraged to develop economy at the cost of the environment.

B. Because much emphasis has been laid on economic growth regardless of the cost.

C. Because it’s impossible to relocate the enterprises for lack of money.

D. Because the production capacity of enterprises falls behind the required speed.

3.It can be learned from the passage that the essential reason for the worsening air conditions in China is_______.

A. the sharp growth of coal consumption in recent years

B. the rapid increase of motor vehicles in cities

C. the building of power plants in northern China

D. the poor weather conditions caused by complex geographical factors

4.According to the writer, which of the following is the key to solving the air pollution problem?

A. Giving priority to economic development in policymaking.

B. Making environment-friendly policies and carrying them out effectively.

C. Increasing investment in the construction of coal-fired facilities.

D. Limiting the use of cars not meeting the required emission standard

5.Which best describes the writer’s tone in the passage?

A. Pessimistic.    B. Convincing.     C. Doubtful.      D. Concerned.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析