E
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists( 悲观者)who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes. However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
1.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults.
B. Middle-aged adults.
C. Adults in poor health.
D. Adults of lower income.
2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to estimate their contribution accurately
C. to take measures against potential risks
D. to value health more highly than wealth
3.How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will earn less money.
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will suffer mental illness.
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
E
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists( 悲观者)who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes. However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
1.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults.
B. Middle-aged adults.
C. Adults in poor health.
D. Adults of lower income.
2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to estimate their contribution accurately
C. to take measures against potential risks
D. to value health more highly than wealth
3.How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will earn less money.
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will suffer mental illness.
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper,published this March in Psychology and Aging,examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction,while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older,however,were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would,the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,”wrote Frieder R.Lang,a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),”the authors wrote.
Surprisingly,compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes,respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also,the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness,medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However,the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood,individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic,to accurate,to pessimistic,”the authors concluded.
1.According to the study,who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A.Optimistic adults.
B.Middleaged adults.
C.Adults in poor health.
D.Adults of lower income.
2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people________.
A.to fully enjoy their present life
B.to estimate their contribution accurately
C.to take measures against potential risks
D.to value health more highly than wealth
3.How do people of higher income see their future?
A.They will earn less money.
B.They will become pessimistic.
C.They will suffer mental illness.
D.They will have less time to enjoy life.
4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A.Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B.Good financial condition leads to good health.
C.Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D.Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
1.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults. B. Middle-aged adults.
C. Adults in poor health. D. Adults of lower income.
2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to estimate their contribution accurately
C. to take measures against potential risks
D. to value health more highly than wealth
3. How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will earn less money.
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will suffer mental illness.
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
4. What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
1.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults.
B. Adults of lower income.
C. Adults in poor health.
D. Middle-aged adults
2. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to take measures against potential risks
C. to estimate their contribution accurately
D. to value health more highly than wealth
3.How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will suffer mental illness
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will earn less money..
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
D. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
1.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A.Optimistic adults. B.Middle-aged adults.
C.Adults in poor health. D.Adults of lower income.
2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A.to fully enjoy their present life
B.to estimate their contribution accurately
C.to take measures against potential risks
D.to value health more highly than wealth
3.How do people of higher income see their future?
A.They will earn less money.
B.They will become pessimistic.
C.They will suffer mental illness.
D.They will have less time to enjoy life.
4. What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A.Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B.Good financial condition leads to good health.
C.Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D.Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Housework not good exercise, says study
1. It even said that people who did the most housework were usually the most overweight. 2. The contribution of domestic physical activity to meeting current recommendations for health. It questions whether activities like do-it-yourself, gardening and housework are good exercise. 3. but there is a danger that people incorrectly think housework is proper exercise.
A total of 4,563 adults took a survey about their weekly physical activity. 4. Researcher Professor Murphy said any physical activity should increase the amount of calories burnt. 5. She said housework was “inversely related to leanness”. She said this suggested that either people overestimate how hard housework was an exercise, or they eat too much because they think they have lost lots of calories doing household chores.
However, her study found the opposite.
People who do housework usually eat more.
A new study says housework is not the quality exercise many people think it is.
The research showed that people who included housework as exercise tended to be heavier.
The study is called Does “doing housework keep you healthy” ?
They think doing exercise is of great benefit to healthy.
It says any activity is better than none.
高三英语信息匹配中等难度题查看答案及解析
It sounds almost too good to be true,but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them.
For the study,researchers played recordings of foreign words and their translations to subjects enjoying slow-wave sleep,a stage when a person has 1ittle consciousness of their environment.To ensure that the results were not compromised by foreign language words that subjects may have had some contact with at some point in their waking lives,researchers made up totally nonexistent foreign words.
When the subjects woke up,they were presented with the made-up words again without their translations.The subjects were then asked to imagine whether this made-up word indicated an object that was either smaller or larger.This vague(模糊的)way of testing their understanding of the words is an approach that is supposed to tap into the unconscious memory.
Unbelievably,the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 percent higher than random chance.That’s not a rate high enough to have them suddenly communicating in a foreign tongue,but it is enough to suggest that the brain is still absorbing information on some level,even during sleep.
Researchers have long known that sleep is important for memory,but previously its role in memory was thought to relate only to the preservation and organization of memories acquired during wakefulness.This is the first time that memory formation has been shown to be active during sleep.
In other words,our brains are listening to the world,and learning about it,even when our conscious selves are not present.
The next step for researchers will be to see if new information can be 1earned quicker during wakefulness if it was already presented during sleep.If so,it could forever change how we train our brains to learn new things.Sleep learning might become a widespread practice.
1.Why did researchers use some made-up words in the study?
A.To guarantee the accuracy of the test result.
B.To increase the difficulty of testing information.
C.To avoid the subjects cheating in the experiment.
D.To test if our brain are good at learning something new.
2.What were the subjects asked to do in the study?
A.Classify what they heard by size.
B.Make up a word to represent“large”or“small”.
C.Repeat the words they heard in the sleep.
D.Imagine the meanings of the made-up words.
3.What conclusion did researchers draw from this study?
A.Sleep is necessary for a good memory.
B.Memory formation goes on during sleep.
C.Listening during sleep is good for our brain.
D.Learning languages in sleep has better effects.
4.What will be the researchers’next plan?
A.To train people how to learn during sleep.
B.To prove the existence of unconscious memory.
C.To dig out the reason for unconscious learning.
D.To study the effect of sleep learning on conscious learning.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It sounds almost too good to be true,but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them.
For the study,researchers played recordings of foreign words and their translations to subjects enjoying slow-wave sleep,a stage when a person has 1ittle consciousness of their environment.To ensure that the results were not compromised by foreign language words that subjects may have had some contact with at some point in their waking lives,researchers made up totally nonexistent foreign words.
When the subjects woke up,they were presented with the made-up words again without their translations.The subjects were then asked to imagine whether this made-up word indicated an object that was either smaller or larger.This vague(模糊的)way of testing their understanding of the words is an approach that is supposed to tap into the unconscious memory.
Unbelievably,the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 percent higher than random chance.That’s not a rate high enough to have them suddenly communicating in a foreign tongue,but it is enough to suggest that the brain is still absorbing information on some level,even during sleep.
Researchers have long known that sleep is important for memory,but previously its role in memory was thought to relate only to the preservation and organization of memories acquired during wakefulness.This is the first time that memory formation has been shown to be active during sleep.
In other words,our brains are listening to the world,and learning about it,even when our conscious selves are not present.
The next step for researchers will be to see if new information can be 1earned quicker during wakefulness if it was already presented during sleep.If so,it could forever change how we train our brains to learn new things.Sleep learning might become a widespread practice.
1.Why did researchers use some made-up words in the study?
A. To guarantee the accuracy of the test result.
B. To increase the difficulty of testing information.
C. To avoid the subjects cheating in the experiment.
D. To test if our brain are good at learning something new.
2.What were the subjects asked to do in the study?
A. Classify what they heard by size.
B. Make up a word to represent“large”or“small”.
C. Repeat the words they heard in the sleep.
D. Imagine the meanings of the made-up words.
3.What conclusion did researchers draw from this study?
A. Sleep is necessary for a good memory.
B. Memory formation goes on during sleep.
C. Listening during sleep is good for our brain.
D. Learning languages in sleep has better effects.
4.What will be the researchers’next plan?
A. To train people how to learn during sleep.
B. To prove the existence of unconscious memory.
C. To dig out the reason for unconscious learning.
D. To study the effect of sleep learning on conscious learning.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study suggests that the roundtheclock availability that cell phones have brought to people's lives may take a toll on family life. The study,which followed more than 1,300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative “spillover” between work and home life—and,in turn,less satisfaction with their family life.
Spillover essentially(本质上)means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear. Work life may invade home life when a parent is taking jobrelated calls at home,for instance—or family issues may start to take up work time. For example,a child may call mum at work,telling her “microwave exploded”,explained Noelle Chesley,an assistant professor of sociology at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and the author of the study. The problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for even more spillover between work and home.
This may be especially true for working women,the study found. Among men,consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep (潜入)into family time. But for women,the spillover tended to go in both directions. Being “connected” meant that work cut into home time,and family issues came into work life.
Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members. But there may be ways to control the spillover,according to Chesley. Employers, she said,could look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are “reasonable”.For their part,employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said.
1.What does the underlined phrase “take a toll on” probably mean in Paragraph 1?
A.explaining. B.founding. C. extending D.damaging.
2.According to Chesley,what is the best solution to the problem caused by cell phones?
A.Separate work hours from family time.
B.Refuse to use cell phones.
C.Ignore coming calls during family time.
D.Encourage women to stay at home.
3.We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.cell phones affect men as much as women
B.cell phones seem to be convenient to families
C.cell phones make the line between work and home unclear
D.we can do nothing to solve the problem
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How to control the negative spillover caused by cell phones.
B. How work life invades home life.
C. Consistent use of cell phones makes people feel less satisfied with their work.
D. Cell phones cause negative "spillover" between work life and home life.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study suggests that the roundtheclock availability that cell phones have brought to people's lives may take a toll on family life. The study,which followed more than 1,300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative “spillover” between work and home life—and,in turn,less satisfaction with their family life.
Spillover essentially(本质上)means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear. Work life may invade home life when a parent is taking jobrelated calls at home,for instance—or family issues may start to take up work time. For example,a child may call mum at work,telling her “microwave exploded”,explained Noelle Chesley,an assistant professor of sociology at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and the author of the study. The problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for even more spillover between work and home.
This may be especially true for working women,the study found. Among men,consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep (潜入)into family time. But for women,the spillover tended to go in both directions. Being “connected” meant that work cut into home time,and family issues came into work life.
Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members. But there may be ways to control the spillover,according to Chesley. Employers, she said,could look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are “reasonable”.For their part,employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said.
1.What does the underlined phrase “take a toll on” probably mean in Paragraph 1?
A.Explaining. | B.Founding. | C. Extending | D.Damaging. |
2.According to Chesley,what is the best solution to the problem caused by cell phones?
A.Separate work hours from family time. |
B.Refuse to use cell phones. |
C.Ignore coming calls during family time. |
D.Encourage women to stay at home. |
3.We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.cell phones affect men as much as women |
B.cell phones seem to be convenient to families |
C.cell phones make the line between work and home unclear |
D.we can do nothing to solve the problem |
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.How to control the negative spillover caused by cell phones. |
B.How work life invades home life. |
C.Consistent use of cell phones makes people feel less satisfied with their work. |
D.Cell phones cause negative “spillover” between work life and home life. |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析