Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
“For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
“This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
1.The professor argues about ________ .
A.the size of the class | B.the period of the class |
C.the attention from teachers | D.the achievements of students |
2.The result of the research shows that _________.
A.small classes for one year in early grade are enough |
B.continuous small classes help students achieve more |
C.it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten |
D.small classes do equal good to students of all levels |
3.What can we infer from the passage?
A.High achievers will not benefit from small classes. |
B.Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted. |
C.Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers. |
D.Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices. |
4.The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
A.the gap between low and high achievers | B.continuous small classes |
C.classroom practices in later grades | D.the Project Star Sturdy |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
“For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
“This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
1.The professor argues about ________ .
A.the size of the class | B.the period of the class |
C.the attention from teachers | D.the achievements of students |
2.The result of the research shows that _________.
A.small classes for one year in early grade are enough |
B.continuous small classes help students achieve more |
C.it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten |
D.small classes do equal good to students of all levels |
3.What can we infer from the passage?
A.High achievers will not benefit from small classes. |
B.Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted. |
C.Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers. |
D.Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices. |
4.The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
A.the gap between low and high achievers | B.continuous small classes |
C.classroom practices in later grades | D.the Project Star Sturdy |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
When we donate(捐献)blood, a small amount is usually taken in advance for at least ABO and Rh systems typing.If you are O+, the O is your ABO type and the + is your Rh type.It is possible to be A, B, AB, or O as well as Rh + or Rh-.
The ABO system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 1900s.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievements.There are four basic types of blood in the ABO system: A, B, AB and O.Everybody is born with one of these four types of blood.We get blood type, just like hair color and height from parents.Because of the substances (物质) contained in each type, the four groups must be transfused carefully.If two different blood types are mixed together, it may put a person into an extremely dangerous situation.Basically, A and B cannot be mixed.A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B.In an emergency, type O blood can be given because it is most likely to be accepted by all blood types,so it is often called the universal donor.However,there is still a risk.For the opposite reason,AB is sometimes called the universal receiver.However,because there can be so many reactions in transfusions,patients usually receive only salt until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of the hospital.
There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality.Among the Europeans, about 45 percent have type O while 42 percent have type A.The rarest is type AB.Other races have different percentage.For example, some American Indian groups have nearly 100 percent type out of 100 donors in the world…
84 donors are Rh+ | 16 donors are Rh- |
38 are O+ | 7 are O- |
34 are A+ | 6 are A- |
9 are B+ | 2 are B- |
3 are AB+ | 1 is AB- |
1.Which of the following shown the correct relationships in blood transfusions?
A. B. C. D.
2.The underlined word “transfuse” most probably means __________.
A.to put the blood into a container
B.to move the blood from one place to another
C.to put the blood of one person into the body of another
D.to give power to another person
3.The writer suggests that the third most common blood type among the Europeans is _______.
A.B B.A C.AB D.O
4.The text mainly tells us ___________.
A.about the basic types of human blood
B.what kind of blood is the most common
C.about Karl Landsteiner who won the Nobel Prize
D.the relationship between blood type and nationality
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
To most of us,school means classes,teachers,schedules,grades,and tests.But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts,school is very different.
Firstly,there are no lessons.All the children,aged between 4 and 19,do whatever they want.There are no teachers—only “staff members”.The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn,because children want to learn anyway.“You do not need to say to a three yearold,‘Go explore your environment.'You can't stop them!” says Daniel Greenberg,a founder of the school.“But if you make children do what you want all day,they will lose all taste for learning.”
At Sudbury Valley School,you will permit children to talk,read,paint,cook,work on computers,study French,play the piano,climb trees or just run around.Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules.Every week,there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each—even the fouryearolds.They decide the school rules,how to spend the school budget,and even which staff they want and do not want any more.
When the school first opened in 1968,people said it would never work.But today,the school has 200 students,and 80%of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today.One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.
1.What is the main topic of the article?
A.An unusual school. B.Children's hobbies.
C.A school without rules. D.Education in the US.
2.What does the school believe?
A.Teachers cannot teach children Well.
B. Children learn best when they do what they want to do.
C.Learning is for adults—children should only play.
D.Children should only learn about one thing at a time.
3.What does Daniel Greenberg say about threeyearolds?
A. They love learning.
B.They are very naughty.
C.They want to be outside all the time.
D.They are too young to learn anything.
4.Who has the most power in the school meetings?
A.The older children have more power than the younger children.
B.A child has more power than an adult.
C.The younger children have more power than the older children.
D.Everybody has equal power.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
I had started a small company several years ago. I worked hard to make it successful. It was a sign-making business. It was a small company, and it was private.
Still, I worked hard building up my business. I did not work only a few hours each day—no banker's hours for me. Instead I spent many hours each day, seven days a week, trying to grow the company. I never cut corners or tried to save on expenses. I made many cold calls. I called on possible buyers from a list of people I had never seen. Such calls were often hard sells.
Sometimes I sold my signs at a loss. I did not make money on my product. When this happened, there were cut backs. I had to use fewer supplies and reduce the number of workers. But after several years, the company broke even. Profits were equal to expenses. And soon after, I began to gain ground. My signs were selling very quickly. They were selling like hotcakes.
I was happy. The company was moving forward and making real progress. It was in the black, not in the red. The company was making money, not losing it.
My friend knew about my business. He is a leader in the sign-making industry—a real big gun, if you know what I mean. He offered to buy my company.
He offered me a ball park estimate of the amount he would pay to buy my company. But I knew his uneducated guess was low. My company was worth much more. That is, he asked his accountant to take a close look at the finances of my company and decide how much it was worth. Then my friend increased his offer.
My friend's official offer was finally given to me in black and white. It was written on paper and more than I ever dreamed. I was finally able to get a break. I made a huge profit on my company, and my friend also got a bang for the buck. He got a successful business for the money he spent.
1.What's the author's attitude towards his business?
A. He worked like a banker.
B. He showed no interest in it.
C. He devoted almost all his time to it.
D. He didn't expect to make money from it.
2.Which of the following matches the author's business?
A. Making neither a loss nor a profit→making money→running at a loss.
B. Making money→running at a loss→making neither a loss nor a profit.
C. Making neither a loss nor a profit→running at a loss→making money.
D. Running at a loss→making neither a loss nor a profit→making money.
3.What did the author think of his friend?
A. A big gun. B. A proud fellow.
C. A selfish guy. D. A stubborn man
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
ProjectArt is an arts program providing free arts classes to children at public libraries in major US cities.
____ to the arts encourages children's self-worth, helps them communicate and improves their _________in academic areas. Yet, since the 1980s, access to arts education for American school children has been on the________
But where the American public school system is______ children, non-profits are ______ to fill the emptiness, and one organization in particular has __________ plans to become the largest free art school for children in the country.
ProjectArt, founded by AdarshAlphons in Harlem in 2011, is______to New Orleans and San Francisco, two cities with many homeless young people and giving the organisation a(n)_______ in a total of eight cities across the US.
Its executive director, Diana Buckley Muchmore _______with ProjectArt in its early days, and one experience impressed on her the_______that art can make on a child's development._______ her friend Alphons in teaching in a Harlem community center, Buckley Muchmore met a boy. "He was very quiet, but I _______ with him through a sculpture he was making_______wood, and he slowly started to_______to describe his work," she remembers.
Since then, Buckley Muchmore has watched as ProjectArt has embraced a model of_______with the country's public library systems. The libraries give them_______ space, access to existing communities and materials to _______ the children's creations.
In the meantime, the organization is working to serve the particular needs and take_______of the resources of its newest cities. In San Francisco, Buckley Muchmore has an eye on big companies like Airtbnb and Adobe, which she hopes to _______ for funding. The organization also receives_______ from foundations and individuals.
“In terms of less populated communities, we'll get there too," says Buckley Muchmore. "Eventually, we'll be in all the cities that have libraries."
1.A.Exposure B.Entrance C.Invitation D.Addiction
2.A.popularity B.expectation C.performance D.identity
3.A.decline B.account C.way D.rise
4.A.satisfying B.transforming C.supporting D.failing
5.A.letting of B.stepping in C.taking up D.falling out
6.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.secret
7.A.moving B.allocating C.returning D.expanding
8.A.evidence B.guidance C.presence D.reference
9.A.separated B.volunteered C.toyed D.conflicted
10.A.impact B.remark C.barrier D.progress
11.A.Appealing B.Including C.Joining D.Watching
12.A.dealt B.connected C.played D.compared
13.A.in between B.up to C.out of D.away from
14.A.hold out B.stand up C.figure out D.open up
15.A.partnering B.struggling C.exchanging D.consulting
16.A.parking B.green C.living D.free
17.A.respect B.inspire C.reward D.challenge
18.A.charge B.advantage C.notice D.control
19.A.arrange B.prepare C.trade D.approach
20.A.invitations B.appreciations C.donations D.congratulations
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
A storm buried Illinois under several inches of snow on Tuesday,______at least 100 people dead in traffic accidents. A. to leave B. leave
C. left D. leaving
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
A storm buried Illinois under several inches of snow on Tuesday,______at least 100 people dead in traffic accidents.
A. to leave B. leave C. left D. leaving
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Mars(火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer, scientists reported Monday. “It suggests that it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars,” NASA’s science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015.
The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said. “What we’re dealing with is wet soil, thin layers of wet soil, not standing water,” said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson, the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s high-resolution imaging experiment.
Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.
The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel. NASA’s goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.
The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks(条痕) on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year.
Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice.
The source of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be melting ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere. Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there’s life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth—something a U. S. lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do.
1.According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be on Mars.
A.salty water B.standing water
C.rocket fuel D.human beings
2.Scientists are uncertain about the of the water on Mars.
A.state B.source
C.temperature D.taste
3.What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?
A.The distance from the sun B.The favorable climate
C.The gravity of the earth D.The salt in it
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Streams of Water Spotted on Mars
B.Astronauts will Land on Mars
C.NASA’s Mars Exploration Program
D.A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Mars( 火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer,scientists reported Monday. "It suggests that. it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars," NASA's science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015. The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said.
"What we're dealing with is wet soil. thin layers of wet soil, not standing water," said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson ! the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment.
Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.
The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel. NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.
The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks(条痕) on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year.
Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice.
The source(源头) of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be melting ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere, Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth - something a U. S. lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do.
1.What would be the best title for the text? '
A Streams of Water Spotted on Mars
B. Astronauts will Land on Mars
C. NASA's Mars Exploration Program
D. A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars
2.According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be on Mars.
A. salty water
B. standing water
C. rocket fuel
D. human beings
3.Scientists are uncertain about the of the water on Mars.
A. state
B. source
C. temperature
D. taste
4.What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?
A. The distance from the sun.
B. The favorable climate.
C. The gravity of the earth
D.The salt in it.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
C
Mars( 火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer, scientists reported Monday."It suggests that.it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars," NASA's science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015.
The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said."What we're dealing with is wet soil.thin layers of wet soil, not standing water," said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson ! the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment.
Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life.The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.
The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or
living on Mars.Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket
fuel.NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.
The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks(条痕) on
the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade
the rest of the year.
Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the
temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit.But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice.
The source of the water is a mystery.Scientists noted it could be melting
ice.It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water.It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere, Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth - something a U.S.lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do.
1.What would be the best title for the text? '
A.Streams of Water Spotted on Mars
B.Astronauts will Land on Mars
C.NASA's Mars Exploration Program
D.A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars
2.According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be on Mars.
A.salty water
B.standing water
C.rocket fuel
D.human beings
3.Scientists are uncertain about the of the water on Mars.
A.state
B.source
C.temperature
D.taste
4.What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?
A.The distance from the sun.
B.The favorable climate.
C.The gravity of the earth
D.The salt in it.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析