If you're into sports, you've seen it happen. You've probably even experienced it: basketball players shaking hands after four quarters of knocking each other around, tennis players leaping over the net to shake hands with their opponents (对手) after a hard-fought match, soccer players exchanging sport shirts after an intense 90 minutes, even boxers touching gloves at the beginning of each round, then hugging each other after beating each other into a pulp for 12 rounds. It seems like competitors in every event, from spelling bees to hockey, behave this way. What's going on?
It's all part of sportsmanship, a great tradition in sports and competition that means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity.
What is sportsmanship? Sportsmanship is defined as: playing fair, following the rules of the game, respecting the judgment of referees and officials, treating opponents with respect.
Some people define good sportsmanship as the "golden rule" of sports --- in other words, treating the people you play with and against as you'd like to be treated yourself. You demonstrate good sportsmanship when you show respect for yourself, your teammates, and your opponents, for the coaches on both sides, and for the referees, judges, and other officials.
But sportsmanship isn't just reserved for the people on the field. Cheerleaders and fans also need to be aware of how they behave during competition. Sportsmanship is a style and an attitude; and it can have a positive influence on everyone around you.
Learning good sportsmanship means finding that the positive attitude learned on the field carries over into other areas of life. At school, for example, you're able to appreciate the contributions made by classmates and know how to work as part of a team to complete a project. You may enjoy more success at work as well, because a big part of learning good sportsmanship is learning to be respectful of others, including customers and co-workers.
1.The author introduces the topic of the passage by___________.
A. showing an interesting discussion
B. comparing several sport events
C. explaining some game rules
D. giving some specific examples
2. When players play clean, ____________.
A. they play in fresh air B. they play in a skilled way
C. they play within the rules D. they play without hurting each other
3.The purpose of writing this passage is to ____________.
A. advise readers to take some exercise B. provide some basic sport knowledge
C. show the meaning of sportsmanship D. expect players to compete actively
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
If you're into sports, you've seen it happen. You've probably even experienced it: basketball players shaking hands after four quarters of knocking each other around, tennis players leaping over the net to shake hands with their opponents (对手) after a hard-fought match, soccer players exchanging sport shirts after an intense 90 minutes, even boxers touching gloves at the beginning of each round, then hugging each other after beating each other into a pulp for 12 rounds. It seems like competitors in every event, from spelling bees to hockey, behave this way. What's going on?
It's all part of sportsmanship, a great tradition in sports and competition that means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity.
What is sportsmanship? Sportsmanship is defined as: playing fair, following the rules of the game, respecting the judgment of referees and officials, treating opponents with respect.
Some people define good sportsmanship as the "golden rule" of sports --- in other words, treating the people you play with and against as you'd like to be treated yourself. You demonstrate good sportsmanship when you show respect for yourself, your teammates, and your opponents, for the coaches on both sides, and for the referees, judges, and other officials.
But sportsmanship isn't just reserved for the people on the field. Cheerleaders and fans also need to be aware of how they behave during competition. Sportsmanship is a style and an attitude; and it can have a positive influence on everyone around you.
Learning good sportsmanship means finding that the positive attitude learned on the field carries over into other areas of life. At school, for example, you're able to appreciate the contributions made by classmates and know how to work as part of a team to complete a project. You may enjoy more success at work as well, because a big part of learning good sportsmanship is learning to be respectful of others, including customers and co-workers.
1.The author introduces the topic of the passage by___________.
A. showing an interesting discussion
B. comparing several sport events
C. explaining some game rules
D. giving some specific examples
2. When players play clean, ____________.
A. they play in fresh air B. they play in a skilled way
C. they play within the rules D. they play without hurting each other
3.The purpose of writing this passage is to ____________.
A. advise readers to take some exercise B. provide some basic sport knowledge
C. show the meaning of sportsmanship D. expect players to compete actively
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
If you haven’t seen or heard anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive dnriving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem,the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance,according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year.of those deaths,the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago?Experts have certain theories,and all are probably partially correct.One suggestion is over crowding.In the last decade,the number of the cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent,and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent.However,the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent.That means more cars in the same amount of space;and the problem is even serious in urban areas.Also,people have less time and more things to do.With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day,street levels have never been higher.Stress creates anxiety,which leads to short tempers.These factors,when combined in certain situations,Can induce Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively,but you might be surprised.For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver,sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing?If you recognize yourself in any of these situations,watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers,or another driver is visibly upset with you,there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict.If you are easily influenced to Road Rage,the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way.If You are the target of another driver’s rage,do everything possible to get away from me other drive safely,including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way. www.sdzxlm.com
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.Most people are angry at media reports and want to avoid them
B.Most drivers have bad manners
C.Road Rage has received much media attention in the past few months
D.People showing no interest in the media know little about recent happenings
2.According to the passage,what are the causes of overcrowding?
A.Stress,anxiety and short tempers.
B.People working together in a big city.
C.More cars stopping in the same amount of space
D.Quickly increasing cars and slowly increasing new road miles
3.The underlined“induce”in Paragraph3 Call be replaced by“
A.relax B.cause C.reduce D.destroy
4.Which of the following is“aggressive driving”?
A.Phoning while driving.
B.Driving at a low speed.
C.Shouting loud at another driver.
D.Sounding the horn when driving.
5.What does the writer want to tell US by writing the last paragraph?
A.Flow to control our anger
B.How to deal with Road Rage.
C,How to recognize aggressive drivers.
D.How to avoid eye contact with other drivers.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is extreme overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is severe in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard an another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are easily influenced by Road Rage, the key is to release your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
1.The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that ______.
A. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months
B. the media created the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago C. one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them
D. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings
2. The underlined word “spell” in Para. 3 means ________.
A. relieve B. cause C. spread D. prevent
3.Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?
A. Talking while driving.
B. Driving at high speed.
C. Shouting at another driver.
D. Sounding the horn when passing
4.The last paragraph is intended to _________.
A. tell people how to deal with Road Rage
B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be
C. show people how to control themselves when angry
D. warn people against eye contact with another driver
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
If you haven’t seen or heard anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 4,1907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behaviour.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have certain theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of the cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space.; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, street levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are susceptible (easily influenced) to Road Rage, the key to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
1.The first sentence in Para 1 implies that__________.
A.one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them. |
B.the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago. |
C.Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months. |
D.people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings |
2.The underlined “spell” in Para3 means___________.
A.relieve | B.cause | C.spread | D.prevent |
3.Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?
A.Talking while driving. |
B.Driving at high speed. |
C.Sounding the horn when passing. |
D.Shouting at another driver. |
4.The last paragraph is intended to ___________.
A.tell people how to deal with Road Rage. |
B.inform people how aggressive drivers could be. |
C.show people how to control themselves when angry. |
D.warn people against eye contact with another driver |
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is extreme overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is severe in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively , but you might be surprised .For instance , have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver ,sounded the horn long and hard an another car , or sped up to keep another driver from passing ?If you recognize yourself in any of these situations , watch out !.
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are easily influenced by Road Rage, the key is to release your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
1. The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that ______.
A. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months
B. the media created the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago
C. one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them
D. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings
2.The underlined word “spell” in Para. 3 means ________.
A. relieve B. cause C. spread D. prevent
3.Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?
A. Talking while driving. B. Driving at high speed.
C. Shouting at another driver. D. Sounding the horn when passing
4.The last paragraph is intended to _________.
A. tell people how to deal with Road Rage
B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be
C. show people how to control themselves when angry
D. warn people against eye contact with another driver
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
If you’ve ever had to chop an onion,you probably know that it’s one of the most annoying cooking experiences.It just fills your eyes with tears.Scientists and farmers have been working on a solution to this problem for decades,and they’ve apparently come up with a tearless onion.
Called the“Sunion”,this new vegetable is the result of a natural cross-breeding program that’s been going on farms in Nevada and Washington since the 1980s.It’s supposedly a sweet,mild-tasting onion that doesn’t leave that strong,pungent aftertaste,but what really sets it apart from most other onion varieties is that it doesn’t cause teary eyes when it’s chopped.
When you cut into a normal onion,it releases a compound called lachrymatory-factor synthase,and’when that hits your eyes,your body produces tears.Now,the interesting thing about regular onions is that the amounts of lachrymatory-factor synthase increase the longer the vegetables are stored,so the older they,the more you cry.In Sunions,on the other hand,the levels of that annoying compound drop the more time goes by,until it no longer has any effect on your eyes when you cut it.
That’s what Sunion growers are claiming anyway,but reports from those lucky enough to have tried them seem to confirm these claims.The Huffington Post had three of its reporters chop some Sunions,and apparently,none of them shed a single tear.According to the Washington Post,they don’t have the pungency of regular onions and are so sweet that you can eat them“like popcorn”.
So the good news is that tearless onions are now a real thing.The bad news is that they are currently only grown in Washington and Nevada,and even though they are sold nationwide,they are still in relatively short supply.The first Sunion batches hit the shelves of grocery stores in December,but we’11 probably start seeing them in most grocery shops and supermarkets in the next few years,as more people learn about them.
1.What is special about the Sunion?
A. It’s easily chopped. B. It’s sweet and tastes strong.
C. It’s tearless and mild. D. It’s grown nationwide in the USA.
2.How does the author introduce the Sunion in Paragraph 3 ?
A. By comparison. B. By telling a story.
C. By giving examples. D. By asking questions.
3.What does the underlined word“pungency”in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Round shape. B. Strong smell.
C. Special character. D. Medical function.
4.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A. The Sunion has been largely on the market.
B. The Sunion is still on trial at present.
C. The Sunion will soon be grown worldwide.
D. The author is confident about the future of the Sunion.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
You’ve probably heard about sports coaches, fitness coaches, vocal music teachers, career counselors,psychiatrists (精神病医师) and other specialists who teach skills and help us cope with daily life.
But there’s a rapidly growing kind of professional who does a little bit of everything. She or he is called a “life coach”. People who are at crossroads in their lives and corporations that want to give certain employees a career boost are turning to them for help.
The idea that one person’s success story can change other people’s lives for the better goes back at least to the 1930s. Dale Carnegie’s famous self-improvement program “How to Win Friends and Influence People ” came along soon thereafter.
But this new style of life coaches includes more than enthusiastic speakers or writers. They use their own experiences in business, sports, military service, or psychotherapy (心理疗法) to help others make critical life decisions.
They often give their approach a slogan, such as “energy coaching” or “fearless living” or “working yourself happy”.
Dave Lakhani in Boise, Idaho, for instance, works with salespeople to develop what he calls a “road map”. He says an ongoing relationship with a coach is like having a personal fitness trainer for one’s career and life outside work.
Lakhani’s Bold Approach coaching firm also donates some of its time to help people who are anything but successful — including battered women and struggling single mothers.
But others in the so-called “helping professions” are not thrilled about the life-coaching movement. They say that anyone, trained or untrained, can call himself or herself a life coach, and that slick (华而不实的) promoters who mess with people’s lives can do more harm than good.
1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Working Yourself Happy
B. Life Coaches Help with Tough Decisions
C. How to Cope with Daily Life with Life Coaches
D. The Life-Coaching Movement
2.The underlined phrase “life coach” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”.
A. the career counselor who teaches skills
B. the psychiatrist who helps us cope with daily life
C. the fitness coach who teaches us lessons
D. the specialist who helps us make important life decisions
3.The last paragraph is mainly about .
A. the introductions of life coach
B. the disagreements of life coach
C. the effects of life coach
D. the experiences of life coach
4.What is the author’s attitude towards life coaches?
A. Cautious. B. Approving.
C. Casual. D. Disapproving.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: “Do not get the idea you’re anything special, because you’re not.” Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony — and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet — took issue with McCullough’s ego-puncturing words. But lost in the uproar was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they’re particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it’s not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.
Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it’s often exactly when we’re least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more stringently. Poor students, the authors note, “lack insight” into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they’re not good at what they do, and their very ineptness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.
In Dunning and Kruger’s study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor “extremely overestimated” their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was “metacognitive skill”: the capacity to monitor how well they’re performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There’s a paradox here, the authors note: “The skills that engender competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that domain.” In other words, to get better at judging how well we’re doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.
There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don’t possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you’re doing, but just what it is that you’re doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.
If we adopt these strategies — and most importantly, teach them to our children — they won’t need parents, or a commencement(毕业典礼) speaker, to tell them that they’re special. They’ll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.
1.Which can be the best title of this passage?
A. Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It Out
B. Let's Admit That We Are Not That Special
C. Tips On Making Ourselves More Special
D. Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents
2.The author thinks the real problem is that ______.
A. we don't know whether our young people are talented or not
B. young people don't know how to assess their abilities realistically
C. no requirement is set up for young people to get better
D. we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged
3.Which is NOT mentioned about poor students according to the passage?
A. They usually give themselves high scores in self-evaluations.
B. They tend to be unable to know exactly how bad they are.
C. They are intelligently inadequate in tests and exams.
D. They lack the capacity to monitor how well they are performing.
4.We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students ______.
A. know how to cultivate clear logic and proper grammar
B. don't know how well they perform due to their stringent self-judgement
C. don't view themselves as competent because they know their limits
D. tend to be very competent in their high-scoring fields.
5.The strategies of becoming special suggest that ______.
A. we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others
B. the best way to get better is to carefully study past success and failure
C. through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails
D. neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
By now you've probably heard about the "you’re not special" speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: “Do not get the idea you're anything special, because you're not." Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony 一 and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet — took issue with McCullough's ego-puncturing (伤自尊的) words. But lost in the uproar (喧嚣)was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.
Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it's often exactly when we're least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously, in a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more strictly. Poor students, the authors note, "lack insight" into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden": they're not good at what they do, and their very clumsiness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.
In Dunning and Kruger's study, subjects scoring at the bottom on tests of logic, grammar and humor -extremely overestimated'' their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile (百分位数).they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition 9 clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was “meta cognitive skill” :the capacity to monitor how well they're performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There's a paradox here, the authors note: The skills that lead to competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that field? In other words, to get better at judging how well we're doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself
There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you're doing, but just what it is that you're doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.
If we adopt these strategies — and most importantly, teach them to our children — they won't need parents, or a commencement (毕业典礼)speaker, to tell them that they're special. They’ll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.
1.The author thinks the real problem is that .
A.no requirement is set up for young people to get better
B.we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged
C.we don't know whether our young people are talented or not
D.young people don't know how to assess their abilities realistically
2.We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students
A.know how to cultivate clear logic and proper grammar
B.tend to be very competent in their high-scoring fields
C.don’t view themselves as competent because they know their limits
D.don't know how well they perform due to their strict self-judgement
3.The strategies of becoming special suggest that .
A.we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others
B.the best way to get better is to carefully study past success and failure
C.through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails
D.neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special
4.Which can be the best title of this passage?
A.Tip On Making Ourselves More Special
B.Let’s Admit That We Are Not That Special
C.Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It Out
D.Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: "Do not get the idea you're anything special, because you're not." Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony — and a whole lot of other parents across the internet — took issue with McCullough's ego-puncturing words. But lost in the anger and protest was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.
Such inflated (膨胀的) self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it's often exactly when we're least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more strictly. Poor students, the authors note, "lack insight" into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with co-author Justin Kruger, suffer from a "dual burden": they're not good at what they do, and their wry ineptness (笨拙) prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.
In Dunning and Kruger's study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor "extremely overestimated" their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was "metacognitive skill" (元认知技巧): the capacity to monitor how well they're performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There's a paradox (悖论) here, the authors note: “The skills that develop competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that domain. "In other words, to get better at judging how well we’re doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.
There are a couple of ways out of this double bind (两难). First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you're doing, but just what it is that you're doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.
If we adopt these strategies — and most importantly, teach them to our children — they won't need parents, or a commencement(毕业典礼) speaker, to tell them that they're special. They'll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.
1.The underlined phrase "took issue with" in paragraph 1 most probably means .
A.totally approved of B.disagreed with
C.fully understood D.held discussion about
2.The author thinks the problem that shouldn't be overlooked is that .
A.we don’t know whether our young people are talented or not
B.young people can't reasonably define themselves
C.no requirement is set up for young people to get better
D.we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged
3.Which is NOT mentioned about poor students according to the passage?
A.They lack the capacity to monitor how well they are performing.
B.They usually give themselves high scores in self-evaluations.
C.They tend to be unable to know exactly how bad they are.
D.They are intelligently inadequate in tests and exams.
4.We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students .
A.are not confident about their logic and grammar
B.tend to be very competent in their high-scoring fields
C.don't know how well they perform due to their stringent self-judgment
D.is very careful about their self-evaluations because they have their own limits
5.The strategies of becoming special suggest that .
A.the best way to recognize excellence is to study past success and failure
B.through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails
C.we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others
D.neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special
6.Which can be the best title of this passage?
A.Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It Out
B.Let's Admit That We Are Not That Special
C.Tips On Making Ourselves More Special
D.Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析