In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress — it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many — like the death of a loved one — are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The concept that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in face of tough conditions. But what about human initiative (主动性) and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.
1.The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________.
A. how to handle major events causes stress
B. what should be carried out to avoid stress
C. how to deal with sudden changes in life
D. what kind of event would cause stress
2.The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to ________.
A. great fear over the mental disorder
B. popular avoidance of stressful jobs
C. widespread worry about its harmful effects
D. a careful research into stress-related illnesses
3.Which of the following expressions is the closest in meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 2?
A. was summarized as B. was quarrelled about
C. was made clear D. was brought to an end
4.Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) impossible to follow?
A. People have to get married someday.
B. You could be missing chances as well.
C. No prescription is effective in reducing stress.
D. No one can stay on the same vocation for long.
5.According to the passage, people who have experienced ups and downs may become _____.
A. more flexible to deal with difficulties
B. nervous in face of various difficulties
C. physically and mentally exhausted
D. insensitive toward what happens to them
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Bad events like "serious illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some helpful life-changing events like marriage.
When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress － it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events dramatically (戏剧性的) affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran titles like "Stress causes illness".
If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy the articles said avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous , many — like the death of a loved one — are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from chances as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of a lot of what we know about people. It supposes we' re all vulnerable and not active in the face of the difficult situation. But what about human ability and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental pressure.
1.The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us _________________.
A. the way you deal with major events may cause stress
B. what should be done to avoid stress
C. what kind of event would cause stress
D. how to deal with sudden changes in life
2.The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to ___________________.
A. popular avoidance of stressful jobs
B. great fear over the mental disorder
C. a careful research into stress-related illnesses
D. widespread worry about its harmful effects
3.The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________________.
A. how you can deal with life-changing events
B. how helpful events can change your life
C. how stressful a major event can be
D. how much pressure you are under
4.Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) impossible to follow?
A. No one can stay on the same job for long.
B. No prescription is effective in reducing stress.
C. People have to get married someday.
D. You could be missing chances as well.
5.According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become _______.
A. nervous when faced with difficulties B. physically and mentally tired
C. more able to deal with difficulties D. cold toward what happens to them
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress — it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many — like the death of a loved one — are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The concept that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in face of tough conditions. But what about human initiative (主动性) and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.
1.The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________.
A. how to handle major events causes stress
B. what should be carried out to avoid stress
C. how to deal with sudden changes in life
D. what kind of event would cause stress
2.The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to ________.
A. great fear over the mental disorder
B. popular avoidance of stressful jobs
C. widespread worry about its harmful effects
D. a careful research into stress-related illnesses
3.Which of the following expressions is the closest in meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 2?
A. was summarized as B. was quarrelled about
C. was made clear D. was brought to an end
4.Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) impossible to follow?
A. People have to get married someday.
B. You could be missing chances as well.
C. No prescription is effective in reducing stress.
D. No one can stay on the same vocation for long.
5.According to the passage, people who have experienced ups and downs may become _____.
A. more flexible to deal with difficulties
B. nervous in face of various difficulties
C. physically and mentally exhausted
D. insensitive toward what happens to them
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Mice and rats have long been used in medical research because of their biological similarities to humans. Recently scientists at the University of Richmond in Virginia have trained rats to drive small vehicles.
The research team built tiny cars out of plastic and other materials, which had an opening at one end to which electrical wires were attached. By touching one of three different wires, the rat could control the car in different directions-left, center and right. Sweet treats were placed inside the containers in an attempt to get the rats to drive the vehicle for the food. After several months' training, the animals could drive to get to the treats.
Kelly Lambert, who has long been interested in the way the brain changes to react to different experiences and difficulties, led the experiment. She told the French news agency AFP the research suggested rat brains might be more complex and flexible than once thought. The driving activity seemed to help the rats relax and the rats kept in what was called “enriched environments” performed far better than those in labs.
The researchers examined levels of two hormones (荷尔蒙) in the rats — one that causes stress and the other that counters it. All the rats that took part in the training had higher levels of the hormone that reduces stress. The research suggests the increased relaxation levels could be linked to the enjoyment of successfully completing a new skill. The team also found the rats that drove themselves showed higher levels of the stress-fighting hormone than those that simply rode in small cars controlled by humans.
Lambert's team is planning to further the research to learn more about how the rats learned to drive. This research may open new areas of non-drug treatments for people suffering from mental health conditions.
1.Why have scientists chosen rats for the research?
A.They can build tiny vehicles on their own.
B.They are biologically similar to human beings.
C.They are clever enough to be trained to drive cars.
D.They can be used as non-drug treatments for humans.
2.What does the underlined word "counters" in paragraph 4 mean?
A.removes. B.substitutes.
C.resists. D.transforms.
3.What can we learn about the experiment?
A.The brains of rats might be more complex and flexible than those of human beings.
B.The increased relaxation levels led to the rats' enjoyment of learning a new skill.
C.All the rats involved in the training had higher levels of the hormone causing stress.
D.The rats in cars controlled by humans had lower levels of the stress-fighting hormone.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A.Science. B.Sports.
C.Education. D.Entertainment.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Mice and rats have long been used in medical research because of their biological similarities to humans. Now, scientists have trained rats to drive small vehicles created for them. One of the main findings of the experiment was that the driving activity seemed to help the rats relax.
Researchers at the University of Richmond in Virginia led the experiment. The team built tiny cars out of plastic and other materials. The vehicles had an opening at one end where electrical wires were attached. By touching one of three different wires, the rat could control the direction of the vehicle.
Researchers trained 17 rats over several months to drive around the experiment containers. The animals proved that they could be trained to drive forward as well as in other directions to get to the sweet treats placed inside the containers.
The researchers examined levels of two hormones (荷尔蒙) in the rats—one that causes stress and another that reduces it. All rats that took part in the training had higher levels of the hormone that reduces stress. The research suggests the increased relaxation levels could be linked to the enjoyment of successfully completing a new skill. The team also found that the rats that drove themselves showed higher levels of the stress-fighting hormone than those that simply rode in small cars controlled by humans.
Lambert said the most exciting result of the experiment for her was about the possible effect on humans. The research may open new areas of non-drug treatments for people suffering from mental health conditions.
“There’s no cure for schizophrenia or depression and we need to catch up,” she said. “And I think we need to look at different animal models and different types of tasks and really respect that behavior can change our neurochemistry (神经化学). ”
Speaking to the British-based magazine New Scientist, Lambert said her team is planning to continue experiments to learn more about how the rats learned to drive. The new research will also examine why some activities appear to reduce stress, and which areas of the brain are involved in the process.
1.What did the experiment find?
A.Rats are able to drive vehicles. B.Rats feel relaxed when driving.
C.Rats can be used in medical research. D.Rats are biologically similar to humans.
2.The finding of the hormone examination in the rats suggests that ___________.
A.one hormone causes stress and another reduces it B.acquiring a new skill brings about joy
C.levels of hormone are controlled by stress D.relaxation contributes to enjoyment
3.The research is significant because ___________.
A.it may lead to a way to treat human mental problems
B.it will affect the way that humans drive their cars
C.it may help people train animals better.
D.it can surely change neurochemistry
4.What Lambert’s team will do next is find out ___________.
A.which parts of the rats’ brain control their emotions
B.why rats have the ability of fighting stress
C.when activities affect the levels of stress
D.why certain activities reduce stress
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
In a major medical breakthrough, Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the world's first 3D vascularized (有血管的）engineered heart using a patient’s own cells and biological materials. Their findings were published on April IS in a study in Advanced Science.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart,” says Prof. Tal Dvir of Department of Materials Science and Engineering, who led the research for the study. “This heart is made from human cells and patient-specific biological materials. In our process, these materials serve as the bioinks, something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models，” Prof, Dvir says. “People managed to 3D print the structure of a heart in the past, but not with cells or with blood vessels (血管).Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”
According to Prof. Dvir，the use of “ native ” patient-specific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.
The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and “ teaching them to behave” like hearts, Prof. Dvir says. They then plan to transplant the 3D-printed heart in animal models.
“We need to develop the printed heart further，” he concludes. “The cells need to form a pumping ability ； they can currently contract (收缩），but we need them to work together. Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our method’s efficacy (功效)and usefulness. “Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world，and these procedures will be conducted routinely. ”
1.What does Prof. Dvir think of an early 3D-printed heart?
A.It was highly practical. B.It was too expensive.
C.It was personalized. D.It was too simple.
2.What do we know about the latest 3D-printed heart?
A.It can be cultured in the lab.
B.It can match a patient perfectly.
C.It has been transplanted in animals.
D.It has been widely used in hospitals,
3.What is Prof, Dvir's attitude to the development of the printed heart?
A.Ambiguous. B.Positive.
C.Disapproving. D.Cautious.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To explain the basic principle of 3D technology.
B.To introduce a breakthrough of medical research.
C.To doubt the medical value of a new invention.
D.To prove the effectiveness of the new technology.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A.Out of place. B.Full of joy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A.He learned more about the local language.
B.They had a nice conversation with each other.
C.They understood each other while playing.
D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
3.Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A.The question was too straightforward.
B.Juan knew so little about the world.
C.The author didn’t know how to answer.
D.The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
4.What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A.To sort out what we have known.
B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D.To learn more about local cultures.
5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B.They followed other scientists closely.
C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.
6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.The Possible and the Impossible .
B.The Known and the Unknown .
C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
I have two really good friends，Nancy and Richard.They both believe in the ____ of positive thinking.However，though their personalities are ____，they are totally different in other areas of their lives.The biggest differences are their ___，career choice，and way of life.
Love and concern ___ Nancy’s childhood.She，along with her younger sister，was ____ by her mother and father.Nancy’s parents were __6__ in her schoolwork，making her excellent at school.On the other hand，Richard’s childhood lacked love.His parents __ him up to his grandparents when they failed to take care of him ____.His grandmother took care of him for most of his growing up years.___，since his sister did not live with him，he never really got to ____ her.
Another difference is their career choice.Nancy has always been a ____ and made a choice to work in a variety of different ____ settings：doctor’s offices，hospitals，nursing homes and a visiting nurse.Her ____ part was working with pediatrics(小儿科)．However，Richard ____ to work in the business world.He prefers to work with ____ rather than with people.
A third difference is their ____.Nancy is always on the go.She goes to yard sales，out to eat，and enjoys nature.She is ____；has five children，thirteen grandchildren，several greatgrandchildren.____，Richard likes to stay home and do things alone.He is single and has no children.
I am very ____ for the fact that I have two similar yet very different friends，Nancy and Richard.This has ____ me that anyone can be a positive thinker.And it is also what makes my friendship with both of them very intriguing(有趣的) and challenging.
1.A.energy B．power
C．ability D．effort
2.A.strong B．special
C．impressive D．similar
3.A.childhood B．education
C．appearance D．religion
4.A.confirmed B．filled
C．influenced D．controlled
5.A.spoiled B．moved
C．raised D．deserted
6.A.absorbed B．interested
C．involved D．stuck
7.A.took B．picked
C．called D．gave
8.A.carefully B．properly
C．strictly D．firmly
9.A.Moreover B．However
C．Instead D．Therefore
10.A.visit B．touch
C．phone D．know
11.A.follower B．receiver
C．caretaker D．leader
12.A.medical B．physical
C．political D．chemical
13.A.difficult B．complete
C．favorite D．natural
14.A.agreed B．refused
C．chose D．remembered
15.A.machines B．exhibitions
C．agreements D．coins
16.A.hobby B．custom
C．habit D．lifestyle
17.A.beautiful B．independent
C．famous D．married
18.A.After all B．In contrast
C．In a word D．In the end
19.A.anxious B．thankful
C．sorry D．ready
20.A.reminded B．persuaded
C．taught D．acknowledged
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
—The government should think about the medical reform again and make sure of medical care，in my opinion.
—________.The medical services and efficiency are not good at the moment.
A．You're confusing me B．I cannot agree more
C．That's all right D．Go ahead，please
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology(毒物学)testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．
Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好战分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（证词） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辩护） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．
Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically（伦理道德地）preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．
In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（监督机构）have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation（确认）of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates（保护者） who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（药品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．
1._____ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．
A．Huntingdon Life Sciences B．Improvement in technologies
C．Animal-fights militants D．Scientists Alan and Thomas
2.Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_____．
A．animals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing
B．animals should enjoy equal rights with human beings
C．animals should live wildly and freely
D．we should protect animals from being killed casually
3.From the passage，we can find _____．
A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly
B．animal substitutes are not preferable
C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing
D．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Saving animals and people．
B．The new trend in toxicology testing
C．The use of animals in testing is against human nature
D．New technology changes the fate of animals
5.The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is____．
A．arbitrary（武断的，随意的） B．pessimistic
C．indifferent（不关心的 ） D．optimistic
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The president must have received the result of medical research by the time the disease spread widely, _______?
A.hasn’t he B.mustn’t he C.hadn’t he D.didn’t he
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析