Which animal has the fastest snapping jaw (颚)? If you're guessing a shark or perhaps a larger animal, you'll have to think smaller. The trapjaw ant, which lives in Central and South America, moves its mouth parts at 35 to 63 meters per second. Another way to think about this is that the ant's jaws close at 125 to 233 kilometers per hour. That's 2, 300 times faster than the blink of an eye.
Scientists were able to measure the amazing jaw speed using highspeed video techniques. Sheila Patek, a biologist, says the key is that the jaws have a springy (有弹性的) system, which is critical in getting explosive (爆发性的) speeds.
Consider a bow and arrow. If you try to throw an arrow with your arm, it won't go very far. If you use a bow, elastic energy stored in the bow is released almost instantly when you release the arrow with your finger or a latch. The combination of the springy bow and latch mechanism is what makes the arrow zoom through the air.
Maybe even more amazing than how fast these ants grab food or even enemies is how they use this same energy to move. As the ant closes its jaws, it uses them to push off the ground—all faster than the eye can see without slow motion video. A snap of the jaw can send an ant up to 8.3 centimeters into the air. That's like someone who is 1.7 meters jumping 13 meters high! Not only can they quickly escape from enemies, but often a group of ants will start jumping all at once. It would be hard for their enemies to grab just one.
People have suspected the ants used their jaws to jump for over a century, but could only prove it with today's modern video equipment.
1.The fast speed of the trapjaw ant's jaw lies in ________.
A.its light body |
B.its springy system |
C.its living environment |
D.the length of its jaw |
2.The passage uses “a bow and arrow” as an example to show ________.
A.how an arrow gets so much energy to fly |
B.why the trapjaw ants have springy system |
C.why the trapjaw ants jaws move so fast |
D.how a bow and arrow works |
3.Which of the following may amaze the scientists most?
A.How high the ants can leap by using their jaws. |
B.How quickly the trapjaw ants can move on the ground. |
C.How wonderfully the springy system in the trapjaw ants' jaws works. |
D.How quickly the trapjaw ants can grab food or enemies. |
4.According to the passage, the trapjaw ants' jaws keep them safe because ________.
A.they can catch their enemies easily with their jaws |
B.their jaws make them difficult to recognize |
C.their jaws help them find food easily |
D.their jaws help them escape from their enemies |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Which animal has the fastest snapping jaw (颚)? If you're guessing a shark or perhaps a larger animal, you'll have to think smaller. The trapjaw ant, which lives in Central and South America, moves its mouth parts at 35 to 63 meters per second. Another way to think about this is that the ant's jaws close at 125 to 233 kilometers per hour. That's 2, 300 times faster than the blink of an eye.
Scientists were able to measure the amazing jaw speed using highspeed video techniques. Sheila Patek, a biologist, says the key is that the jaws have a springy (有弹性的) system, which is critical in getting explosive (爆发性的) speeds.
Consider a bow and arrow. If you try to throw an arrow with your arm, it won't go very far. If you use a bow, elastic energy stored in the bow is released almost instantly when you release the arrow with your finger or a latch. The combination of the springy bow and latch mechanism is what makes the arrow zoom through the air.
Maybe even more amazing than how fast these ants grab food or even enemies is how they use this same energy to move. As the ant closes its jaws, it uses them to push off the ground—all faster than the eye can see without slow motion video. A snap of the jaw can send an ant up to 8.3 centimeters into the air. That's like someone who is 1.7 meters jumping 13 meters high! Not only can they quickly escape from enemies, but often a group of ants will start jumping all at once. It would be hard for their enemies to grab just one.
People have suspected the ants used their jaws to jump for over a century, but could only prove it with today's modern video equipment.
1.The fast speed of the trapjaw ant's jaw lies in ________.
A.its light body |
B.its springy system |
C.its living environment |
D.the length of its jaw |
2.The passage uses “a bow and arrow” as an example to show ________.
A.how an arrow gets so much energy to fly |
B.why the trapjaw ants have springy system |
C.why the trapjaw ants jaws move so fast |
D.how a bow and arrow works |
3.Which of the following may amaze the scientists most?
A.How high the ants can leap by using their jaws. |
B.How quickly the trapjaw ants can move on the ground. |
C.How wonderfully the springy system in the trapjaw ants' jaws works. |
D.How quickly the trapjaw ants can grab food or enemies. |
4.According to the passage, the trapjaw ants' jaws keep them safe because ________.
A.they can catch their enemies easily with their jaws |
B.their jaws make them difficult to recognize |
C.their jaws help them find food easily |
D.their jaws help them escape from their enemies |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
From the moment that an animal is has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death.
Animals ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly form what we may call “genetic (遗传性的) learning”, which is different from the individual (个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime. Genetic Learning is learning by a species ---- animals of the same kind ---- as a whole, and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way. However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.
In the great majority of animals, their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with. That is why animals can survive.
1.The animal’s life will come to an end _______.
A. if the animal makes a wrong decision
B. if the animal plays a dangerous game
C. when the animal attacks its enemy
D. when the animal runs too slowly
2.Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because ________.
A. each generation has its own way of learning
B. their environments change all the time
C. they can act reasonably on their own
D. it takes their whole life to learn
3.When the environment doesn’t change much, ______.
A. animals cannot act in a right way
B. genetic learning is less important for animals
C. individual learning plays a less important role
D. animals cannot get over problems on their own
4.Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on _______.
A. their natural action pattern with their own experience
B. the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime
C. their experience in particular environments
D. the knowledge passed on by their parents
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
If you’re looking for a new pet, don’t even think about Komodo dragons, which are the world’s largest lizards and can grow to be 10 feet long and weigh more than 300 pounds. Komodo dragons run fast and eat almost any kind of meat, including dead or live animals, other Komodo dragons and people. “ These things are powerful killing machines,” says Bryan Fry, a biologist.
If those reasons aren’t good enough, consider the bite of a Komodo dragon. According to a new study, it may kill prey like snakes by injecting venom. This chemical, according to Fry and his team of scientists at the University of Melbourne in Australia, can cause shock in the unlucky victim. A person or animal goes into shock when the body cannot offer enough blood to the organs to keep functioning. As a result, the body starts to shut down.
Scientists have only recently begun to understand why a Komodo dragon is so deadly. Some people used to believe that a Komodo dragon’s bite contained bacteria from the mouth that would cause a severe infection in the victim’s blood. The infection would finally kill the animal. Fry says that after being bitten by a Komodo dragon, animals usually die quickly.
After more studies, Fry and his team found that the Komodo dragon venom contained some of the same ingredients as snake venom. These ingredients thin the bolld and cause blood vessels to become larger. To test the venom, the scientists injected rats with it and observed that the rats became still.
Fry’s work show that Komodo dragons kill their prey with venom, and not by bacteria—and gives us another reason why we should avoid coming across them. That is easy to do, since they live only on a few islands in the tropical country of Indonesia.
(no more than 10 words)
1.The underlined word “ venom” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________________.
2.Why does a victim get into shock after being injected?
3.According to Fry and his team, how do the ingredients in Komodo dragons’ venom affect their victims?
4.“If you’re looking for a new pet, don’t even think about Komodo dragons.” What does the author mean by saying that?
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
At Japan’s Studio Ghibli, which has produced extraordinary animated films(动画片)since 1985, the best-known figure has always been one of the company’s founders, Hayao Miyazaki.
But an equally key figure is co-founder Isao Takahata, who has recently made a new feature, The Tale of Princess Kagnya. It is an unforgettable feature with an unusual hand-drawn aesthetic(美感).
The title character is a tiny baby girl who appears in a bamboo plant. She is found by a woodcutter, who takes her home and brings her up. He believes the little girl is a princess, and sets about preparing what he regards as a suitable world for her.
This original story is the oldest work of fiction in Japan; every child knows it in its simplified folktale form.
“It is a fascinating story with elements of wonder, humour, and sorrow,’’ Takahata says, “but these three elements are scattered(分散)about.” The chief challenge for anyone trying to adapt it is that “we are completely unable to comprehend what was in the heart of Princess Kaguya. Because of this, despite its being well known, few people consider it interesting. There have been several attempts at making a film out of the story, but they ended up being abandoned.”
He was connected with one of these attempts, but no one paid any attention to his concept.
“Fifty-five years later, I thought my concept was still appealing, and used it as a basis for turning the story into a feature film.”
His concept involves the princess’s origins, her expectations and her access to “the full range of human emotions”.
To realize his vision, Takahata says, “I needed to take the extremely individualistic brushwork and key designs of Osamu Tanabe and Kazuo Oga, two brilliantly talented artists, and have them permeate(扩散)throughout the film. The two of them drew many pictures, but they weren’t nearly enough. The most challenging part was to have all the other animation staff copy their styles in a free and easy way.”
The Tale of Princess Kaguya has been released, and people are saying that the two founders, now in their seventies, have directed their final films. But is it as clear-cut as that? When I ask Takahata about a scene of escape and urgency with a particularly distinctive (独特的) visual style, he says he had intended to use “this type of rough-drawn, forceful animation, in a project before this film.
“That project hasn’t been realized yet, but if it comes to pass, this style is essential.”
A hint, perhaps, there's still more to come.
1.Which of the following choices has got the right match?
①Hayao Miyazaki | a. one of the founders of Studio Ghibli |
② Isao Takahata | b. fictional character |
③ Kazuo Oga | c. famous artist |
④ Princess Kaguya | d. animation staff member of The Tale of Princess Kaguya |
A.① d B. ② a C.③ b D.④ c
2.Why is it challenging to adapt the original story to a feature film according to the passage?
A. Because people are in the dark about the feelings of Princess Kaguya.
B. Because the story itself offers a combination of wonder, humour and sorrow.
C. Because the story is too old to appeal to the audience nowadays.
D. Because every Japanese has been familiar with the story ever since childhood
3.From the Takahata version of The Tale of Princess Kaguya, we can expect the following except ________.
A. more details about the Princess’s origins and expectations
B. a forceful animation type featuring fine images and gentle brushwork
C. the distinctive brushwork and key designs from two gifted artists
D. a hand-drawn visual effect that brings out a unique sense of beauty
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
22.The city of Rome has just passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals,which many people say can___the civilization of a city.
A.manage | B.separate | C.handle | D.Measure |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
The English-language version of Wikipedia has almost six million articles. And if you’re a cheating student, that’s six million essays already written for you. But plagiarism isn’t really an effective way—just type the text into a search engine and the game is over. Then what about having a ghostwriter compose your final essay?
“Standard plagiarism software cannot detect this kind of cheating.” said Stephan Lorenzen, a data analyst at the University of Copenhagen. In Denmark, where he’s based, ghostwriting is a growing problem at high schools. So Lorenzen and his colleagues created a program called Ghostwriter that can detect the cheats.
At its central part is a neural network trained and tested on 130,000 real essays from 10,000 Danish students. After reading through tens of thousands of essays labeled as being written by the same author or not, the machine taught itself to possess the characteristics that might spot cheating. For example, did a student’s essays share the same styles of punctuation? The same spelling mistakes?
By examining inconsistencies like those, Ghostwriter was able to seek out a cheated essay nearly 90 percent of the time. The team presented the results at the European Meeting on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning. There’s one more aspect here that could help students. Your high school essays probably get better over time as you learn to write and the machine can detect that. The final idea is to detect students who are at risk because their development in writing style isn’t as you would expect. Teachers could thus give extra help to kids who really need it, while sniffing out the cheaters too.
1.When a student wants to cheat in writing an essay, ________.
A.his cheating may be detected in a certain way
B.essays offered by Wikipedia can’t be downloaded
C.he won’t hire a ghostwriter to write one for himself
D.ghostwriting can be detected by standard plagiarism software
2.Which aspect of the program “Ghostwriter” is talked about in Paragraph 3?
A.Its components. B.Its weaknesses.
C.Its influences. D.Its working theory.
3.Which one of the following is the function of “Ghostwriter”?
A.It never fails to find out a cheated essay. B.It can detect a student’s progress in writing.
C.It can help a student to correct his pronunciation. D.It can give extra help instead of teachers.
4.Where is the text most likely from?
A.A guidebook. B.A magazine.
C.A novel. D.A diary.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Article writing has been a way of conveying information through the web. If you’re a writer, being able to let them stay on your article for more than two seconds is already a success. Your writing style can create more readers for your content if you know how to capture the attention of readers. 1.
Be Direct-to-the-Point
Website writing differs from print writing. People do not want to spend much time on a website because they want to get the information they need. 2.
Be Informative
Articles for web content are briefly written. They flesh out the information without decorations. Be sure that your articles are not confusingly worded. 3. Make sure you organize your facts logically so that your reader can effectively process them.
Be Conversational
4. Be conversational so that readers can grasp what you mean in your article. With quality content, engage your readers so that your article will have that personal and human touch.
Be Connected
Most article writers just place sentences that state a certain fact to form a paragraph. However, in readers’ hopes, these writers fail to establish a human connection. 5. So it is important to make the connection smooth and not abrupt.
A. Stay away from decorations when writing online content.
B. Most readers like to read articles that “speak” to them.
C. Connection will allow the readers’ minds to effectively process what is written.
D. Get to your point directly so that your readers can process the information.
E. Here are some important points to consider before writing online.
F. Article writing is a fun way of establishing a connection with a reader and a writer.
G. Complex sentences tend to wrongly lead your reader and make them confused.
高三英语信息匹配中等难度题查看答案及解析
信息匹配(共1小题)
Article writing has been a way of conveying information through the web.If you’re a writer, being able to let them stay on your article for more than two seconds is already a success.Your writing style can create more readers for your content if you know how to capture the attention of readers.1. .
Be Direct-to-the-Point
Website writing differs from print writing.People do not want to spend much time on a website because they want to get the information they need.2. .
Be Informative
Articles for web content are briefly written.They flesh out the information without decorations.Be sure that your articles are not confusingly
worded.3. Make sure you organize your facts logically so that your reader can effectively process them.
Be Conversational
4.. Be conversational so that readers can grasp what you mean in your article.With quality content,engage your readers so that your article will have that personal and human touch.
Be Connected
Most article writers just place sentences that state a certain fact to form a paragraph.However, in readers’hopes,these writers fail to establish a human connection.5. So it is important to make the connection smooth and not abrupt.
A.Stay away from decorations when writing online content.
B.Most readers like to read articles that“speak”to them.
C.Connection will allow the readers’minds to effectively process what is written.
D.Get to your point directly so that your readers can process the information.
E.Here are some important points to consider before writing online.
F.Article writing is a fun way of establishing a connection with a reader and a writer.
G.Complex sentences tend to wrongly lead your reader and make them confused.
高三英语信息匹配中等难度题查看答案及解析
Has the volume in a restaurant ever made you finish your meal early? If so, you're not alone. Restaurants handle diners in various ways to influence food choices and consumption, from lighting to menu to server presentation. Unfortunately for those headache-prone restaurant goers, some places also choose to turn up the tunes and the background noise.
Chef Mario Batali is often blamed for the phenomenon of very loud or noisy restaurants in the 1990s, when he decided to flood the dining room with the same loud tunes he was playing in his kitchen. And other chefs followed suit. Some restaurateurs felt a "livelier" atmosphere encouraged more customers, but a side "benefit" was quicker table turnover, thus increasing the number of people who could dine in a specific evening.
A 1985 study out of Fairfield University looked at how chewing speed varied according to the type of music being played. Although the volume level was kept the same for both musical situations, it's important to note that fast-tempo (节奏) music often gives the impression of being louder than slower music.
"A significant increase in the number of bites per minute was found, and the effect was largest for fast music," the researchers wrote in the study. So, the faster, louder music gets people to down their food more quickly, relieving the table for future customers.
There re opinions about whether or not this is a sound practice. "A restaurant that places profit above dining experience often plays loud music with a fast tempo that puts diners under pressure 10 eat more quickly, even if that means they're less able to enjoy their meal," writes Dr. Neel Burton in Psychology Today, adding that loud, fast music reduces appetite.
What's more, some would-be repeat diners will shy away for fear of another very loud meal. The non-profit group Action on Hearing Loss found in a 2016 survey of nearly 1,500 people that 91% of those who view a restaurant as too noisy would choose not to return.
1.Why did some bosses of the restaurants favour loud music?
A.It might help attract more customers.
B.It was the favorite kind of music of them.
C.It made the restaurants softer and sweeter.
D.It could increase the popularity of their restaurants.
2.What plays the most important role in the effect of music on diners according to the passage?
A.Its content. B.Its length.
C.Its speed. D.Its quality.
3.What is Dr. Neel Burton's attitude towards flooding restaurants with noisy music?
A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving.
C.Positive. D.Objective.
4.What could be a suitable tile for the text?
A.What People Think of Loud Restaurants
B.Are Customers Made to Eat Quickly?
C.Why Loud Restaurants Are Popular Today
D.Does Loud Music Really Benefit Restaurants?
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Has the volume in a restaurant ever made you finish your meal early? If so, you're not alone. Restaurants handle diners in various ways to influence food choices and consumption, from lighting to menu to server presentation. Unfortunately for those headache-prone restaurant goers, some places also choose to turn up the tunes and the background noise.
Chef Mario Batali is often blamed for the phenomenon of very loud or noisy restaurants in the 1990s, when he decided to flood the dining room with the same loud tunes he was playing in his kitchen. And other chefs followed suit. Some restaurateurs felt a "livelier" atmosphere encouraged more customers to dine there, and a side "benefit" was quicker table turnover, thus increasing the number of people who could dine in a specific evening.
A 1985 study out of Fairfield University looked at how chewing speed varied according to the type of music being played. Although the volume level was kept the same for both musical situations, it's important to note that fast-tempo (节奏) music often gives the impression of being louder than slower music.
"A significant increase in the number of bites per minute was found, and the effect was largest for fast music," the researchers wrote in the study. So, the faster, louder music gets people to down their food more quickly, relieving the table for future customers.
There are opinions about whether or not this is a sound practice. "A restaurant that places profit above dining experience often plays loud music with a fast tempo that puts diners under pressure to eat more quickly, even if that means they're less able to enjoy their meal," writes Dr. Neel Burton in Psychology Today, adding that loud, fast music reduces appetite.
What's more, some would-be repeat diners will shy away for fear of another very loud meal. The non-profit group Action on Hearing Loss found in a 2016 survey of nearly 1,500 people that 91% of those who view a restaurant as too noisy would choose not to return.
1.Why did some bosses of the restaurants favour loud music?
A.It might help attract more customers.
B.It was the favorite kind of music of them.
C.It made the restaurants softer and sweeter.
D.It could increase the popularity of their chefs.
2.What plays the most important role in the effect of music on diners according to the passage?
A.Its content. B.Its length.
C.Its speed. D.Its quality.
3.What is Dr. Neel Burton's attitude towards flooding restaurants with noisy music?
A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving.
C.Positive. D.Objective.
4.What could be a suitable tile for the text?
A.What People Think of Loud Restaurants?
B.Are Customers to Blame?
C.How Restaurants Improve Themselves?
D.Does Loud Music Really Benefit Restaurants?
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析